Inner speech models of auditory verbal hallucinations: Evidence from behavioural and neuroimaging studies
Abstract
A range of psychological theories have been proposed to account for the experience of auditory hallucinations in patients with psychosis. Influential amongst these theories are those implicating the defective monitoring of inner speech. Furthermore, self-monitoring and inner speech models have been the most studied using functional imaging. The aim of this article is to review the behavioural and neuroimaging evidence for the impaired monitoring of inner speech in patients who experience auditory verbal hallucinations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted for research investigating inner speech and cognitive self-monitoring models of auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. The evidence is critically discussed and directions for future investigations are suggested.
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The hallucinations associated with psychosis may be better understood as a failure to attenuate the sensory consequences (corollary discharge) of self-made acts, for example a failure to attenuate the auditory consequences of sub-vocal or inner speech.
“the hallucinations associated with psychosis may be better understood as a failure to attenuate the sensory consequences (corollary discharge) of self-made acts; for example, a failure to attenuate the auditory consequences of sub-vocal or inner speech (Frith et al., 1998; Allen et al., 2007).”
From The Computational Anatomy of Psychosis (2013) · cites this paper as Allen et al., 2007
Volume reduction and abnormal activation of the left superior temporal gyrus are associated with auditory hallucination in schizophrenia.
“volume reduction and abnormal activation of the left superior temporal gyrus are reported to be associated with auditory hallucination in schizophrenia (Allen et al., 2007).”
From NODDI in clinical research (2020) · cites this paper as Allen et al., 2007
Others have linked hallucinations to a failure to attenuate the sensory consequences of inner speech, analogous to the mechanism thought to underlie delusions of control.
“Others have linked hallucinations to a failure to attenuate the sensory consequences of inner speech, in analogy to the mechanism that is thought to underlie delusions of control.42,124,135”
From Are hallucinations due to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory influences on the brain? (2016) · cites this paper as [135]
Several authors have related auditory hallucinations to an over-saliency of inner speech, considered a covert motor action, which is misattributed to an alien source.
“Several authors have also related auditory hallucinations to an over-saliency of the inner speech (considered a covert motor action), which is misattributed to an alien source (McGuire et al., 1995; Allen et al., 2007; Moseley et al., 2013).”
From What visual illusions teach us about schizophrenia (2014) · cites this paper as Allen et al., 2007
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- Authors
- Allen, P., Aleman, A., & Mcguire, P. K.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Allen, Paul
- Venue
- International Review of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 407-415
- ISSN
- 0954-0261 (ISSN-L)
- 1369-1627
- OpenAlex
- W2098445373
- Semantic Scholar
- 9ebf1cc316a3289371f4a6be89550cebd47db273
- Cited by
- 188
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 4.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Review of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Keywords
- auditory verbal hallucinations, inner speech, self-monitoring, schizophrenia, psychosis
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Hallucinations, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Models, Psychological, Psychotic Disorders, Speech, Positron-Emission Tomography
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