Misattribution of speech and impaired connectivity in patients with auditory verbal hallucinations
Open accessAbstract
Several studies report that patients with schizophrenia who experience auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) tend to misidentify their own speech as that of somebody else. We tested the hypothesis that this tendency is associated with poor functional integration within the network of regions that mediate the evaluation of speech. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured brain responses from 11 schizophrenics with AVH, 10 schizophrenics without AVH, and 10 healthy controls. Stimuli comprised prerecorded words, which varied for their source (self, alien) and acoustic quality (undistorted, distorted). Participants had to indicate whether each word was spoken in their own or another person's voice via a button press. Using dynamic causal modeling, we estimated the impact of one region over another ("effective connectivity") and how this was modulated by source and distortion. In controls and in patients without AVH, the connectivity between left superior temporal and anterior cingulate cortex was significantly greater for alien- than for self-generated speech; in contrast, the reverse trend was found in schizophrenic patients with AVH. In conclusion, when patients with AVH appraise their own speech we find impaired functional integration between left superior temporal and anterior cingulate cortex. Although this finding is based on external rather than internal speech, the same mechanism may contribute to the faulty appraisal of inner speech that putatively underlies AVH.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Patients with AVHs show a lack of effective connectivity between the superior temporal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex during other-produced speech.
“Mechelli et al. (2007) have supported this hypothesis by demonstrating a lack of effective connectivity in patients with AVHs, between STG and ACC during other-produced speech.”
From Auditory verbal hallucinations as atypical inner speech monitoring, and the potential of neurostimulation as a treatment option (2013) · cites this paper as Mechelli et al., 2007
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Friston, K. J., Harrison, L., & Penny, W. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00202-7 · Cited by 4,583 · see citing works
Spatial registration and normalization of images
Friston, K. J., Ashburner, J., Frith, C., Poline, J.-B., Heather, J. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1995) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.460030303 · Cited by 3,744 · see citing works
Anterior Cingulate Cortex, Error Detection, and the Online Monitoring of Performance
Carter, C. S., Braver, T. S., Barch, D. M., Botvinick, M. M., Noll, D., & Cohen, J. D. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.280.5364.747 · Cited by 3,273 · see citing works
Functional Connectivity: The Principal-Component Analysis of Large (PET) Data Sets
Friston, K. J., Frith, C., Liddle, P., & Frackowiak, R. (1993) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1993.4 · Cited by 2,094 · see citing works
The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-0601 · Cited by 1,901 · see citing works
A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis
GARETY, P. A., KUIPERS, E., FOWLER, D., FREEMAN, D., & BEBBINGTON, P. E. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291701003312 · Cited by 1,546 · see citing works
(1995) · PubMed · Cited by 1,320 · see citing works
Nonlinear Responses in fMRI: The Balloon Model, Volterra Kernels, and Other Hemodynamics
Friston, K. J., Mechelli, A., Turner, R., & Price, C. J. (2000) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2000.0630 · Cited by 1,131 · see citing works
Self-citationAge-of-acquisition, imagery, concreteness, familiarity, and ambiguity measures for 1,944 words
Gilhooly, K. J., & Logie, R. H. (1980) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/bf03201693 · Cited by 877 · see citing works
Cingulate cortex of the rhesus monkey: II. Cortical afferents
Vogt, B. A., & Pandya, D. N. (1987) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902620208 · Cited by 854 · see citing works
Synaptic plasticity and dysconnection in schizophrenia
Stephan, K. E., Baldeweg, T., & Friston, K. J. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.005 · Cited by 841 · see citing works
The cognitive neuropsychology of schizophrenia
Garety, P. A. (1993) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90350-c · Cited by 833 · see citing works
Towards a Neuropsychology of Schizophrenia
Frith, C., & Done, D. J. (1988) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.153.4.437 · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Meyer-Lindenberg, A. S., Olsen, R. K., Kohn, P. D., Brown, T., Egan, M. F., Weinberger, D. R., & Berman, K. F. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.4.379 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
Petrides, M., & Pandya, D. Ν. (1988) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902730106 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Lawrie, S. M., Buechel, C., Whalley, H. C., Frith, C. D., Friston, K. J., & Johnstone, E. C. (2002) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01316-1 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Hubl, D., Koenig, T. W., Strik, W. K., Federspiel, A., Kreis, R., Boesch, C., Maier, S. E., Schroth, G., Lövblad, K., & Dierks, T. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.7.658 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Dolan, R. J., Fletcher, P. C., Frith, C., Friston, K. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Grasby, P. M. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/378180a0 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Increased GABAA receptor binding in superficial layers of cingulate cortex in schizophrenics
Benes, F., Vincent, S. L., Alsterberg, G., Bird, E. D., & SanGiovanni, J. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-03-00924.1992 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
Woodruff, P. W. R., Wright, I. C., Bullmore, E. T., Brammer, M. J., Howard, R. J., Williams, S., Shapleske, J., Rossell, S. L., David, A. S., McGuire, P. K., et al. (1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.12.1676 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Self-citationTime‐dependent changes in effective connectivity measured with PET
Friston, K. J., Frith, C., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1993) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.460010108 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
The functional anatomy of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia
Lennox, B. R., Park, S. B. G., Medley, I., Morris, P. G., & Jones, P. B. (2000) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(00)00068-8 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Verbal self-monitoring and auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia
JOHNS, L. C., ROSSELL, S., FRITH, C., AHMAD, F., HEMSLEY, D., KUIPERS, E., & McGUIRE, P. K. (2001) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291701003774 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Self-citationBullmore, E. T., Frangou, S., & Murray, R. M. (1997) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-9964(97)00114-x · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Abnormal Cingulate Modulation of Fronto-Temporal Connectivity in Schizophrenia
Fletcher, P. C., McKenna, P., Friston, K. J., Frith, C., & Dolan, R. J. (1999) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1998.0411 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Functional neuroanatomy of verbal self-monitoring
McGuire, P. K., Silbersweig, D., & Frith, C. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.3.907 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Self-citationSchlösser, R. G. M., Gesierich, T., Kaufmann, B., Vučurević, G., Hunsche, S., Gawehn, J., & Stoeter, P. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/s1053-8119(03)00106-x · Cited by 254 · see citing works
A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study of Fasciculi in Schizophrenia
Shergill, S. S., Kanaan, R., Chitnis, X. A., O’Daly, O., Jones, D. K., Frangou, S., Williams, S. C., Howard, R. J., Barker, G. J., Murray, R. M. L., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.164.3.467 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Self-citationEffects of diagnosis, laterality, and gender on brain morphology in schizophrenia
Flaum, M., Swayze, V. W., OʼLeary, D. S., Yuh, W. T. C., Ehrhardt, J. C., Arndt, S. V., & Andreasen, N. C. (1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.5.704 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Dynamic causal models of neural system dynamics: current state and future extensions
Stephan, K. E., Harrison, L. M., Kiebel, S. J., Olivier David, A., Penny, W. D., & Friston, K. J. (2007) · Journal of Biosciences · doi:10.1007/s12038-007-0012-5 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Honey, G. D., & Bullmore, E. T. (2004) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2004.05.009 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Functional dysconnectivity in schizophrenia associated with attentional modulation of motor function
Honey, G. D., Pomarol‐Clotet, E., Corlett, P. R., Honey, R. A. E., McKenna, P. J., Bullmore, E. T., & Fletcher, P. C. (2005) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh632 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
An fMRI Study of Verbal Self-monitoring: Neural Correlates of Auditory Verbal Feedback
Fu, C. H. Y., Vythelingum, G. N., Brammer, M. J., Williams, S., Amaro, E., Andrew, C., Yágüez, L., van Haren, N. E. M., Matsumoto, K., & McGuire, P. K. (2005) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj039 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationFunctional Anatomy of Auditory Verbal Imagery in Schizophrenic Patients With Auditory Hallucinations
Shergill, S. S., Bullmore, E. T., Simmons, A., Murray, R. M., & McGuire, P. K. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.10.1691 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationDisordered functional connectivity in schizophrenia
McGuire, P. K., & Frith, C. (1996) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700037673 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Self-citationSeal, M., Aleman, A., & McGuire, P. (2004) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546800344000156 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationShifts of Effective Connectivity within a Language Network during Rhyming and Spelling
Bitan, T., Booth, J. R., Choy, J., Burman, D. D., Gitelman, D. R., & Mesulam, M. M. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0864-05.2005 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Misattribution of external speech in patients with hallucinations and delusions
Allen, P. P., Johns, L. C., Fu, C. H. Y., Broome, M. R., Vythelingum, G. N., & McGuire, P. K. (2004) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2003.09.008 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Self-citationBayesian inference applied to the electromagnetic inverse problem
Schmidt, D. M., George, J. S., & Wood, C. C. (1999) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1999)7:3 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Neural correlates of the misattribution of speech in schizophrenia
Allen, P., Amaro, E., Fu, C. H. Y., Williams, S. C. R., Brammer, M. J., Johns, L. C., & McGuire, P. K. (2007) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.106.025700 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationShergill, S. S., Brammer, M. J., Fukuda, R., Williams, S., Murray, R. M., & McGuire, P. K. (2003) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.182.6.525 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationA Dynamic Causal Modeling Study on Category Effects: Bottom–Up or Top–Down Mediation?
Mechelli, A., Price, C. J., Noppeney, U., & Friston, K. J. (2003) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892903770007317 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationIncreased Vertical Axon Numbers in Cingulate Cortex of Schizophrenics
Benes, F. M. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800230097015 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Levitan, C., Ward, P. B., & Catts, S. V. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00373-4 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Computational approaches to network analysis in functional brain imaging
Gonzalez-Lima, F., McIntosh, A. R., & Fox, P. T. (1994) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.460020103 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Functional disconnectivity in subjects at high genetic risk of schizophrenia
Whalley, H. C., Simonotto, E., Marshall, I., Owens, D. G. C., Goddard, N., Johnstone, E. C., & Lawrie, S. M. (2005) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh556 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Neural activity in speech-sensitive auditory cortex during silence
Hunter, M. D., Eickhoff, S. B., Miller, T. W. R., Farrow, T. F. D., Wilkinson, I. D., & Woodruff, P. W. R. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0506268103 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Auditory hallucinations: phenomenology, neuropsychology and neuroimaging update
David, A. S. (1999) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb05988.x · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Verbal self-monitoring and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia
Johns, L., & McGuire, P. K. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)05288-x · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuroimaging of hallucinations: a review of the literature
Weiss, A. P., & Heckers, S. (1999) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/s0925-4927(99)00041-4 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Shapleske, J., Rossell, S. L., Simmons, A., David, A. S., & Woodruff, P. W. R. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01006-4 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Neural correlates of the misattribution of self‐generated speech
Allen, P., Amaro, E., Fu, C. H. Y., Williams, S., Brammer, M. J., Johns, L., & McGuire, P. K. (2005) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20120 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Gold JM, Weinberger DR (1991): Frontal lobe structure, function and connectivity in schizophrenia. In: Kerwin R, Dawbarn D, McCulloch J, Tamminga C, editors. Cambridge Medical Reviews: Neurobiology and Psychiatry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp 39-59.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Perceiving is believing: a Bayesian approach to explaining the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Fletcher, P. C., & Frith, C. D. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2536 · Cited by 1,462 · see citing works
Schizophrenia, neuroimaging and connectomics
Fornito, A., Zalesky, A., Pantelis, C., & Bullmore, E. T. (2012) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.090 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Dysconnectivity in schizophrenia: where are we now?
Pettersson-Yeo, W., Allen, P., Benetti, S., McGuire, P., & Mechelli, A. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.004 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Self-citationJardri, R., Pouchet, A., Pins, D., & Thomas, P. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09101522 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Allen, P., Larøi, F., McGuire, P. K., & Aleman, A. (2008) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.07.012 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Vercammen, A., Knegtering, H., den Boer, J. A., Liemburg, E. J., & Aleman, A. (2010) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.11.017 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Allen, P., Modinos, G., Hubl, D., Shields, G., Cachia, A., Jardri, R., Thomas, P., Woodward, T., Shotbolt, P., Plaze, M., et al. (2012) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs066 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationThe neural mechanisms of hallucinations: A quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies
Zmigrod, L., Garrison, J. R., Carr, J., & Simons, J. S. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.037 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Interaction of language, auditory and memory brain networks in auditory verbal hallucinations
Ćurčić-Blake, B., Ford, J. M., Hubl, D., Orlov, N. D., Sommer, I. E., Waters, F., Allen, P., Jardri, R., Woodruff, P. W., David, O., et al. (2017) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.11.002 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
“One study used effective connectivity between monitoring and language areas and interpreted their findings as evidence of source monitoring deficits in the people with AVH and as support for the self-monitoring deficit theory of AVH (Mechelli et al., 2007).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBrain mechanisms of reality monitoring
Simons, J. S., Garrison, J. R., & Johnson, M. K. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.03.012 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Allen, P., Aleman, A., & Mcguire, P. K. (2007) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/09540260701486498 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Self-citationLaminar fMRI: applications for cognitive neuroscience
Lawrence, S. J. D., Formisano, E., Muckli, L., & de Lange, F. P. (2019) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.004 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
The cortical dynamics of intelligible speech.
Leff, A. P., Schofield, T. M., Stephan, K. E., Crinion, J. T., Friston, K. J., & Price, C. J. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2903-08.2008 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Impaired top-down processes in schizophrenia: a DCM study of ERPs
Dima, D., Dietrich, D. E., Dillo, W., & Emrich, H. M. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.12.086 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Gavrilescu, M., Rossell, S., Stuart, G. W., Shea, T. L., Innes-Brown, H., Henshall, K., McKay, C., Sergejew, A. A., Copolov, D., & Egan, G. F. (2010) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291709991632 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Moseley, P., Fernyhough, C., & Ellison, A. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.10.001 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Schmidt, A., Smieskova, R., Aston, J., Simon, A., Allen, P., Fusar-Poli, P., McGuire, P. K., Riecher-Rössler, A., Stephan, K. E., & Borgwardt, S. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.117 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationCurcic-Blake, B., Liemburg, E., Vercammen, A., Swart, M., Knegtering, H., Bruggeman, R., & Aleman, A. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbs107 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Ranlund, S., Adams, R. A., Díez, Á., Constante, M., Dutt, A., Hall, M., Maestro Carbayo, A., McDonald, C., Petrella, S., Schulze, K., et al. (2016) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23035 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Carter, C. S., Heckers, S., Nichols, T., Pine, D. S., & Strother, S. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.06.014 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Dyck, M. S., Mathiak, K. A., Bergert, S., Sarkheil, P., Koush, Y., Alawi, E. M., Zvyagintsev, M., Gaebler, A. J., Shergill, S. S., & Mathiak, K. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00037 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Aberrant effective connectivity in schizophrenia patients during appetitive conditioning
Diaconescu, A. O., Jensen, J., Wang, H., Willeit, M., Menon, M., Kapur, S., & McIntosh, A. R. (2011) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2010.00239 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Computational Models of Hallucinations
Jardri, R., & Denève, S. (2013) · The Neuroscience of Hallucinations · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4121-2_16 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Damiani, S., Cavicchioli, M., Guiot, C., Donadeo, A., Scalabrini, A., Grecuzzo, V., Bergamaschini, I., Provenzani, U., Politi, P., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.11.036 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Some consideration about auditory verbal hallucinations in the clinical field
Department of Philosophy, S., Iudici, A., Turchi, G., Department of Philosophy, S., Faccio, E., & Department of Philosophy, S. (2020) · Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna · doi:10.15557/pipk.2020.0010 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mechelli, A., Allen, P., Amaro, E., Fu, C. H. Y., Williams, S. C. R., Brammer, M. J., Johns, L. C., & McGuire, P. K.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Human Brain Mapping
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-01-31
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1213-1222
- ISSN
- 1065-9471 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-0193
- PMC
- PMC6871422
- OpenAlex
- W2087708838
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 6.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Human Brain Mapping (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Hallucinations in medical conditions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Keywords
- auditory verbal hallucinations, schizophrenia, effective connectivity, superior temporal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, dynamic causal modeling, inner speech, speech perception
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Auditory Cortex, Brain, Brain Mapping, Delusions, Gyrus Cinguli, Hallucinations, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Language Tests, Functional Laterality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Nerve Net, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Speech Perception, Verbal Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
