Cited by 1,604Behavioral Health and InterventionsMedia Influence and HealthHealth and Wellbeing Research

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A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Health Belief Model Variables in Predicting Behavior

Carpenter, Christopher J.·2010·Health Communication

DOI 10.1080/10410236.2010.521906

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Abstract

The Health Belief Model (HBM; Rosenstock, 1966) was constructed to explain which beliefs should be targeted in communication campaigns to cause positive health behaviors. The model specifies that if individuals perceive a negative health outcome to be severe, perceive themselves to be susceptible to it, perceive the benefits to behaviors that reduce the likelihood of that outcome to be high, and perceive the barriers to adopting those behaviors to be low, then the behavior is likely for those individuals. A meta-analysis of 18 studies (2,702 subjects) was conducted to determine whether measures of these beliefs could longitudinally predict behavior. Benefits and barriers were consistently the strongest predictors. The length of time between measurement of the HBM beliefs and behavior, prevention versus treatment behaviors, and drug-taking regimens versus other behaviors were identified as moderators of the HBM variables' predictive power. Based on the weakness of two of the predictors, the continued use of the direct effects version of the HBM is not recommended.

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“21 The questionnaire used in this study employed five constructs from the original six constructs of the HBM based on their relevance to CBS participation and previous literature 12,13 : SUS, BEN, BARR, SE, and behavioral likelihood to engage in CBS (BL).”
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Expanding the Theory of Persuasive Hope: Identifying Mechanisms of Hope’s Effect on Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing Intentions
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“An extensive body of persuasion literature has explicated the effects of perceived benefits and barriers on behavior (e.g., Carpenter, 2010; Ruggieri et al., 2013).”
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“, cost, systemic fragmentation; Ridgely, Goldman, & Willenbring, 1990) and individuallevel factors (e.g., health beliefs, logistics such as getting to the doctor; Carpenter, 2010; Kullgren, McLaughlin, Mitra, & Armstrong, 2012).”
Background
Medication Adherence Among Patients With Chronic Hepatitis Receiving Antiviral Treatment
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“Medication adherence has previously been associated with low side effects and strong perceptions of susceptibility regarding disease progression and disease seriousness ( Carpenter, 2010 ; van Servellen, Chang, Garcia, & Lombardi, 2002 ).”
Background
Changing Behavior Using Control Theory
Mansell, W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.009 · Cited by 11
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“Meta-analysis results showed that barrier is a stronger predictor in eliciting preventive behavior than curative behavior (Carpenter, 2010).”
Background
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Iyidobi, E. C., Iyidobi, T. O., Ozioko, U. S., Onu, J. U., Muomah, R. C., Iorfa, S. K., & Aneke, A. V. (2022) · Annals of Clinical and Biomedical Research · doi:10.4081/acbr.2022.174 · Cited by 2
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“…evaluation of risks, benefits, and moral concerns associated with drug administration (factors that are relevant for health decision-making) (e.g., Carpenter, 2010; Cutler, 2014; Judson & Langdon, 2009; Sattler et al., 2013b), can inform further qualitative inquiry and large-scale research aimed…”
Background
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“The development of the research content was grounded in the Health Belief Model (HBM), a widely accepted theoretical model that helps explain individuals’ willingness to adopt health interventions, including vaccines [11].”
Background
Preference for vaccinated venues: the roles of belief in COVID-19 vaccine adoption rate and side effects
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“Meanwhile, in accordance with the health belief model (HBM), one of the most widely used theories in explaining people ’ s health-related behaviours (Carpenter, 2010; Suess et al., 2022), people will be more motivated to behave in healthy ways supposing that they believe they are vulnerable to a…”
Influential
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“Additionally, the construct of barriers from the Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to assess ACP engagement among young adults, as barriers have been identi ﬁ ed as strong predictors of health behavior (Carpenter, 2010; Sulat et al., 2018).”
Method
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“Similar findings were reported by other authors (Carpenter 2010; Wang et al. 2009).”
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“The HBM aims to predict whether and why people will take action to prevent, to screen for, or to control illness conditions [23], and is generally targeting individuals at “health-risk”, that are already sick, or used to develop interventions that improve health-related behaviour [27].”
Background
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“The second section was comprised of 31 items and built around the dimensions of HBM, including self-ef ﬁ - cacy, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived bene ﬁ ts, perceived barriers, and cues to action.”
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“Carpenter (2010) and Harrison et al. (1992) stated that perceived barriers are the single most powerful factor leading to problematic health behaviors.”
Background
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“This finding aligns with the outcomes reported in several studies [18, 33, 50, 51].”
BackgroundResult
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“The effectiveness of perceived susceptibility in predicting behavior is well-established in prevention programs [51], including those focused on accident prevention [52, 53].”
Background

Authors: Carpenter, C. J.
Affiliations: Western Illinois University (US)
Corresponding author: Carpenter, Christopher J.
ORCID: Carpenter, Christopher J.
Venue: Health Communication
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2010-11-30
Volume: 25
Issue: 8
Pages: 661-669
ISSN: 1041-0236 (ISSN-L)
1532-7027
DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2010.521906
OpenAlex: W2102635611
Cited by: 1,604
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 138 · 2025: 133 · 2024: 118 · 2023: 173 · 2022: 166 · 2021: 190 · 2020: 164 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 78 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 2.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Health Communication (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Social Sciences › Communication › Media Influence and Health
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Wellbeing Research
Keywords: Health Belief Model, health behavior prediction, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, health campaigns, longitudinal prediction
MeSH terms: Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Models, Psychological, Health Behavior, Health Communication

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A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Health Belief Model Variables in Predicting Behavior

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