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A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Health Belief Model Variables in Predicting Behavior

Carpenter, Christopher J.·2010·Health Communication

DOI 10.1080/10410236.2010.521906

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Abstract

The Health Belief Model (HBM; Rosenstock, 1966) was constructed to explain which beliefs should be targeted in communication campaigns to cause positive health behaviors. The model specifies that if individuals perceive a negative health outcome to be severe, perceive themselves to be susceptible to it, perceive the benefits to behaviors that reduce the likelihood of that outcome to be high, and perceive the barriers to adopting those behaviors to be low, then the behavior is likely for those individuals. A meta-analysis of 18 studies (2,702 subjects) was conducted to determine whether measures of these beliefs could longitudinally predict behavior. Benefits and barriers were consistently the strongest predictors. The length of time between measurement of the HBM beliefs and behavior, prevention versus treatment behaviors, and drug-taking regimens versus other behaviors were identified as moderators of the HBM variables' predictive power. Based on the weakness of two of the predictors, the continued use of the direct effects version of the HBM is not recommended.

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BackgroundInfluential
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“Moreover, a meta-analysis that evaluated the effectiveness of HBM variables in predicting behavior concluded that severity was a weak predictor of behavior and susceptibility was almost always unrelated to either preventive behavior or treatment behavior (Carpenter, 2010).”
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“For instance, by recommending engagement in health behaviors to feel their ideal state, physicians may be helping their patients see the efficacy or benefit of those behaviors in their daily lives (cf., Azjen, 2002; Bandura, 2004; Becker, 1974; Carpenter, 2010; McEachan, Conner, Taylor, & Lawton, 2011).”
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Authors: Carpenter, C. J.
Affiliations: Western Illinois University (US)
Corresponding author: Carpenter, Christopher J.
ORCID: Carpenter, Christopher J.
Venue: Health Communication
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2010-11-30
Volume: 25
Issue: 8
Pages: 661-669
ISSN: 1041-0236 (ISSN-L)
1532-7027
DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2010.521906
OpenAlex: W2102635611
Cited by: 1,604
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 138 · 2025: 133 · 2024: 118 · 2023: 173 · 2022: 166 · 2021: 190 · 2020: 164 · 2019: 108 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 78 · 2016: 93 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 24
FWCI: 2.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Health Communication (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
Social Sciences › Communication › Media Influence and Health
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health and Wellbeing Research
Keywords: Health Belief Model, health behavior prediction, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, health campaigns, longitudinal prediction
MeSH terms: Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Models, Psychological, Health Behavior, Health Communication

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A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Health Belief Model Variables in Predicting Behavior

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