Including others in the self
Abstract
We propose that to some extent, people treat the resources, perspectives, and identities of close others as their own. This proposal is supported by allocation, attribution, response time, and memory experiments. Recently, we have applied this idea to deepening understanding of feeling “too close” (including too much of the other in the self leading to feeling controlled or a loss of identity), the effects of relationship loss (it is distressing to the extent that the former partner was included in the self, liberating to the extent that the former partner was preventing self-expansion), ingroup identification (including ingroup in the self), and the effect of outgroup friendships on outgroup attitudes (including outgroup member in the self entails including outgroup member's identity in the self).
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Compared with Western cultures, Asian collectivist cultures typically exhibit a more interdependent and extended sense of self, and therefore a weaker self-other distinction.
“Compared with Western cultures where individuals have a more independent sense of self, and therefore more marked self-other distinctions, Asian collectivist cultures typically exhibit a much more interdependent and extended sense of self, and therefore a weaker self-other distinction”
From Oxytocin blurs the self-other distinction during trait judgments and reduces medial prefrontal cortex responses: Oxytocin Blurs Self-Other Distinction (2016) · cites this paper as Aron et al., 2004
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- Authors
- Aron, A., McLaughlin-Volpe, T., Mashek, D., Lewandowski, G., Wright, S. C., & Aron, E. N.
- Affiliations
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Monmouth University (US)
- University of California, Santa Cruz (US)
- Venue
- European Review of Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2004-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 101-132
- ISSN
- 1046-3283 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-277X
- OpenAlex
- W1974163154
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 114
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 13.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Review of Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- self-expansion, self-concept, close relationships, relationship loss, ingroup identification, outgroup attitudes, identity loss, attribution, reaction time (psychology), memory, resource allocation
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