Bridging the Sciences of Mindfulness and Romantic Relationships: A Theoretical Model and Research Agenda
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Research on mindfulness, defined as paying conscious and non-judgmental attention to present-moment experiences, has increased rapidly in the past decade but has focused almost entirely on the benefits of mindfulness for individual well-being. This article considers the role of mindfulness in romantic relationships. Although strong claims have been made about the potentially powerful role of mindfulness in creating better relationships, it is less clear whether, when, and how this may occur. This article integrates the literatures on mindfulness and romantic relationship science, and sketches a theory-driven model and future research agenda to test possible pathways of when and how mindfulness may affect romantic relationship functioning. We review some initial direct and indirect evidence relevant to the proposed model. Finally, we discuss the implications of how studying mindfulness may further our understanding of romantic relationship (dys)functioning, and how mindfulness may be a promising and effective tool in couple interventions.
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Mindfulness is beneficial for couple satisfaction and relationship functioning.
“In the domain of romantic relationships, research has supported the benefits of mindfulness for couple satisfaction and relationship functioning [52].”
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Mindfulness, Conflict Strategy Use, and Relational Satisfaction: a Dyadic Investigation
Harvey, J., Crowley, J. P., & Woszidlo, A. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1040-y · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Karremans, J. C., Kappen, G., Schellekens, M. P. J., & Schoebi, D. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78919-6 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationSchindler, S., & Pfattheicher, S. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01860-y · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Iida, M., & Shapiro, A. F. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0727-9 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Eyring, J., Leavitt, C. E., Allsop, D., & Clancy, T. J. (2020) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2020.1842571 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Stanton, S. C. E., Chan, A. P. S., & Gazder, T. (2021) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075211030327 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Dai, X., Du, N., Shi, S., & Lu, S. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01966-9 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Gazder, T., & Stanton, S. C. E. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17197267 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Smedley, D. K., Leavitt, C. E., Allsop, D. B., Nance, M., James, S. L., & Holmes, E. K. (2021) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2021.1958962 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Cumulative Childhood Trauma and Couple Satisfaction: Examining the Mediating Role of Mindfulness
Godbout, N., Harvey, F. M., Cyr, G., & Bélanger, C. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01390-x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Erus, S. M., & Deniz, M. E. (2020) · Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction · doi:10.14527/pegegog.2020.011 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Mindfulness meditation is associated with decreases in partner negative affect in daily life
May, C. J., Ostafin, B., & Snippe, E. (2019) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2599 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Hafner, N., Pepping, C. A., & Wertheim, E. H. (2018) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12224 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Exploring the Link between Mindfulness and Relationship Quality: Direct and Indirect Pathways
McGill, J. M., & Adler‐Baeder, F. M. (2019) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12412 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Khukhlaev, O. E., Novikova, I., & Chеrnaya, A. V. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.841361 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The role of rapport in satisfying one’s basic psychological needs
Baker, Z. G., Watlington, E. M., & Knee, C. R. (2020) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-020-09819-5 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Trait Mindfulness and Relationship Satisfaction: The Role of Forgiveness Among Couples.
Roberts, K., Jaurequi, M. E., Kimmes, J. G., & Selice, L. (2020) · Journal of Marital & Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12440 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Dumarkaitė, A., Truskauskaitė‐Kunevičienė, I., Andersson, G., Mingaudaite, J., & Kazlauskas, E. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01739-w · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ren, Y., Han, Z. R., Ahemaitijiang, N., & Zhang, G. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01300-w · Cited by 22 · see citing works
A novel couple-based intervention for chronic pain and relationship distress: A pilot study.
Tankha, H., Caño, A., Corley, A. M., Dillaway, H. E., Lumley, M. A., & Clark, S. (2020) · Couple and Family Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cfp0000131 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Ideal Standards, Acceptance, and Relationship Satisfaction: Latitudes of Differential Effects
Büyükcan-Tetik, A., Campbell, L., Finkenauer, C., Karremans, J. C., & Kappen, G. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01691 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationWisdom and compassion: A new perspective on the science of relationships
Condon, P., Dunne, J. D., & Wilson‐Mendenhall, C. D. (2018) · Journal of Moral Education · doi:10.1080/03057240.2018.1439828 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Mindfulness predicts growth belief and positive outcomes in social relationships
Don, B. P. (2019) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2019.1571526 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The dyadic influences of mindfulness on relationship functioning
McGill, J. M., Burke, L. K., & Adler‐Baeder, F. M. (2020) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407520944243 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chinh, K., Secinti, E., Johns, S., Hirsh, A., Miller, K., Schneider, B., Storniolo, A. M., Mina, L., Newton, E., Champion, V., et al. (2020) · Oncology Nursing Forum · doi:10.1188/20.onf.739-752 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Theory suggests that mindfulness may be an interpersonal process, such that greater mindfulness in one partner may lead to improved perceptions of relationship quality in the other partner (Karremans et al., 2017).”
BackgroundDon, B. P., Cappellen, P. V., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01856-0 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Gazder, T., & Stanton, S. C. E. (2023) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075221139654 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Co-designing Magic Machines for Everyday Mindfulness with Practitioners
Li, J., Kwon, N., Pham, H., Shim, R., & Leshed, G. (2023) · Designing Interactive Systems Conference · doi:10.1145/3563657.3595976 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Godbout, N., Paradis, A., Rassart, C.-A., Sadikaj, G., Herba, C. M., & Drapeau-Lamothe, M. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.007 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Wang, H., & Lou, X. (2021) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2021.111162 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Leonhardt, N. D., Clarke, R. W., & Leavitt, C. E. (2022) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2022.2080132 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Papies, E. K., van Winckel, M., & Keesman, M. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0554-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Association Between Trait Mindfulness and Cardiovascular Reactivity During Marital Conflict
Kimmes, J. G., May, R. W., Seibert, G. S., Jaurequi, M. E., & Fincham, F. D. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0853-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Mindfulness and Relationships: A Special Issue on Recent Developments
Leavitt, C. E., & Karremans, J. C. (2023) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075231166711 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationMindfulness and Daily Negative Mood Variation in Romantic Relationships
Iida, M., & Shapiro, A. F. (2018) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1056-3 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cox, C. C., Adler‐Baeder, F. M., McGill, J. M., & Cooper, E. B. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01404-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mindfulness and Sexual Dysfunction: A Systematic Research Synthesis
Selice, L., & Morris, K. L. (2021) · Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy · doi:10.1080/0092623x.2021.1991536 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Feeling It”: Links between elements of compassion and sexual well-being
Fraser, A. M., Leavitt, C. E., Yorgason, J. B., & Price, A. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017384 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Fincham, F. (2022) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075211070269 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Janovsky, T., Clark, G. I., & Rock, A. J. (2019) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1111/ap.12390 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Quickert, R. E., & MacDonald, T. K. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186472 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“In the domain of romantic relationships, research has supported the benefits of mindfulness for couple satisfaction and relationship functioning [52].”
BackgroundDon, B. P., & Algoe, S. B. (2020) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407520921463 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Lyddy, C. J., Good, D., Kriz, T. D., & Stephens, J. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01894-8 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Algılanan Stresin Yaşam Doyumu Ve Rekreasyonel Sağlık Algısına Etkisi
ÖZAVCİ, R., Korkutata, A., Gözaydin, G., & ÇAKIR, Z. (2023) · The Online Journal of Recreation and Sport · doi:10.22282/tojras.1314763 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mindful social inferences: Decentering decreases hostile attributions
van der Schans, K. L., Karremans, J. C., & Holland, R. W. (2019) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2657 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationInterpersonal Mindfulness Scale-Short Form Development Using Rasch Analyses
Pratscher, S. D., Oyler, D. L., Bettencourt, B. A., & Medvedev, O. N. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01937-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mindfulness and intimate relationship satisfaction in daily life: The role of empathy
Wen, X., Zhang, Q., Zhou, Y., Du, J., & Xu, W. (2022) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.535 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Morris, K. L., Kimmes, J. G., & Marroquin, C. G. (2022) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075221128502 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Bird, A. L., Russell, P. S., Pickard, J. A., Donovan, M. O., Madsen, M., & Herbert, J. S. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01625-5 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Relating to Self and Other: Mindfulness Predicts Compassionate and Self-Image Relationship Goals
Stewart, K. L., Ahrens, A. H., & Gunthert, K. C. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0760-8 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The role of trait mindfulness in quality of life and asthma control among adolescents with asthma
Cillessen, L., van de Ven, M. O., & Karremans, J. C. (2017) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.06.014 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Mindfulness in Couple Relationships Scale: Development and Validation
McGill, J. M., Adler‐Baeder, F. M., & Burke, L. K. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01957-w · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Altinyelken, H. K. (2022) · The Journal of Humanistic Counseling · doi:10.1002/johc.12197 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Development of Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale-TR (IMS-TR): Validity and Reliability
Erus, S. M., & Tekel, E. (2019) · European Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.12973/eu-jer.9.1.103 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
The Clinical Value, Principle, and Basic Practical Technique of Mindfulness Intervention.
Zou, T., Chenghan, W., & Fan, X. (2016) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.11919/j.issn.1002-0829.216060 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Couple Burnout and Marital Satisfaction: Serial Mediation by Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation
Koçyi̇ği̇t, M., & Uzun, M. (2024) · The American journal of family therapy · doi:10.1080/01926187.2024.2322461 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Parsons, C. E., Nielsen, T. H., Vermillet, A., Hansen, I. L., & Mitkidis, P. (2020) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1177/1747021820958190 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
An App-Based Workplace Mindfulness Intervention, and Its Effects Over Time
Lu, Y., Remond, J., Bunting, M., Ilieș, R., Tripathi, N., & Narayanan, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.615137 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Mindfulness and individual, relational, and parental outcomes during the transition to parenthood
Leavitt, C. E., Wikle, J. S., Holmes, E. K., Pierce, H., Eyring, J. B., Gibby, A. L., Brown, A. L., & Leiter, V. K. (2022) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075221137870 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Countering Climate Fear with Mindfulness: A Framework for Sustainable Behavioral Change
Poonamallee, L. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17146472 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Smyth, A. P. J., & Milyavskaya, M. (2021) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.2770 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Yang, T., Chen, G., & Bi, C. (2022) · Aggressive Behavior · doi:10.1002/ab.22031 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Automatic partner attitudes: Sources, implications, and future directions
Faure, R., McNulty, J. K., & Karremans, J. C. (2023) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12887 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationCooper, E., Adler-Baeder, F., & McGill, J. M. (2024) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/02654075231226378 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhou, L., Lin, Y., Li, W., Du, J., & Xu, W. (2020) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-020-01081-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Karremans, J. C., Schellekens, M. P. J., & Kappen, G.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Karremans, Johan C.
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-06-23
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-49
- ISSN
- 1088-8683 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-7957
- OpenAlex
- W2321046344
- Cited by
- 247
- References
- 173
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8
- FWCI
- 14.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Forgiveness and Related Behaviors
- Keywords
- mindfulness, romantic relationships, couple functioning, relationship dysfunction, couple-based interventions, relational well-being
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Consciousness, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Love, Mindfulness
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