Cited by 144Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances researchToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactEffects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals

Development of PBPK models for PFOA and PFOS for human pregnancy and lactation life stages

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Loccisano, Anne E., Longnecker, Matthew P., Campbell, Jerry L., Andersen, Melvin E., Clewell, Harvey J.·2013·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

Abstract

Perfluoroalkyl acid carboxylates and sulfonates (PFAA) have many consumer and industrial applications. Developmental toxicity studies in animals have raised concern about potential reproductive/developmental effects of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS); however, in humans conflicting results have been reported for associations between maternal PFAA levels and these outcomes. Risk assessments and interpretation of available human data during gestation and lactation are hindered due to lack of a framework for understanding and estimating maternal, fetal, and neonatal pharmacokinetics (PK). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models were developed for PFOA and PFOS for the gestation and lactation life stages in humans to understand how the physiological changes associated with development affect pharmacokinetics of these compounds in the mother, fetus, and infant. These models were derived from PBPK models for PFOA/PFOS that were previously developed for adult humans and rats during gestation and lactation and from existing human pregnancy and lactation models developed for other chemicals. The models simulated PFOA and PFOS concentrations in fetal, infant, and maternal plasma and milk, were compared to available data in humans, and also were used to estimate maternal exposure. The models reported here identified several research needs, which include (1) the identification of transporters involved in renal resorption to explain the multiyear half-lives of these compounds in humans, (2) factors affecting clearance of PFOA/PFOS during gestation and lactation, and (3) data to estimate clearance of PFOA/PFOS in infants. These models may help address concerns regarding possible adverse health effects due to PFOA/PFOS exposure in the fetus and infant and may be useful in comparing pharmacokinetics across life stages.

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Crossref · 10.1080/15287394.2012.722523

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  • The Loccisano model considered the fetus as one compartment.

    “The model considered the fetus as one compartment, and concluded that more studies are needed to better model the various factors affecting chem­ icals during pregnancy, such as possible changes in renal reabsorption of PFAS.”

    From Pregnancy-related maternal physiological adaptations and fetal chemical exposure (2023) · cites this paper as Loccisano et al., 2013

    The Methods section (Gestation model–physiology; page not provided) explicitly describes three fetal compartments, contrary to the claim that the fetus was modeled as one compartment. The Discussion does call for more data on renal resorption, but that does not support the compartment claim. (LLM, conf=0.94)

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  • The Loccisano model concluded that more studies are needed to better model factors affecting chemicals during pregnancy, such as possible changes in renal reabsorption of PFAS.

    “The model considered the fetus as one compartment, and concluded that more studies are needed to better model the various factors affecting chem­ icals during pregnancy, such as possible changes in renal reabsorption of PFAS.”

    From Pregnancy-related maternal physiological adaptations and fetal chemical exposure (2023) · cites this paper as Loccisano et al., 2013

    The Discussion (Gestation and Lactation Models; page not provided) calls for more kinetic data during pregnancy, including data on renal resorption of PFAAs, to improve model predictions. But the Methods (Gestation model–physiology; page not provided) describes fetal plasma, rest-of-body, and amniotic-fluid compartments—not the fetus as a single compartment. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Loccisano et al. developed a human p-PBTK model for PFOS and PFOA based on earlier adult human models.

    “For example, Loccisano et al. developed a human p-PBTK model for PFOS and PFOA based on earlier adult human models (Loccisano et al., 2013).”

    From Pregnancy-related maternal physiological adaptations and fetal chemical exposure (2023) · cites this paper as Loccisano et al., 2013

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Authors
Loccisano, A. E., Longnecker, M. P., Campbell, J. L., Andersen, M. E., & Clewell, H. J.
Affiliations
  • The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • Center for Human Health Assessment, The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences , Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
Corresponding author
Loccisano, Anne E.
Venue
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A
Published
2012-11-14
Volume
76
Issue
1
Pages
25-57
ISSN
  • 0098-4108 (ISSN-L)
  • 1528-7394
  • 1087-2620
OpenAlex
W2049985148
Cited by
141
References
109
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 5
FWCI
7.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (ZIAES044008)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Keywords
perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, perfluoroalkyl acids, physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling, human pregnancy, lactation, fetal pharmacokinetics, maternal exposure, milk concentration, clearance, developmental toxicity
MeSH terms
Adult, Animals, Haplorhini, Caprylates, Computer Simulation, Female, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Kidney, Lactation, Maternal-Fetal Exchange, Models, Biological, Pregnancy, Protein Binding, Risk Factors, Alkanesulfonic Acids, Maternal Exposure, Rats

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