Whey Protein Supplementation Improves Rehabilitation Outcomes in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients: A Double Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
Whey protein supplementation (WPS) has been shown to improve functional outcomes in populations that are able to participate in high-intensity resistance training. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of WPS on rehabilitation outcomes in a frail, hospitalized elderly population. Men and women (n = 47) were randomly assigned to either a control group or WPS group for the length of their hospital stay. Several functional and serum measures were determined pre- and post-intervention. WPS significantly increased average daily protein intake and was well tolerated. The WPS group exhibited significant improvements in grip strength and knee extensor force over the control group, and a significant positive correlation was found between change in prealbumin and percent-increase knee extensor force. These findings support the use of WPS to improve protein nutritional status and rehabilitation outcomes in a clinical setting involving a frail, elderly population.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
One included RCT reported that treatment success rates for diminishing frailty status were similar between frail older men (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 0.09-44.35) and women (OR: 2.86, 95% CI: 0.41-20.14).
“one included RCT reported the total improvement rates of frailty indices for male and female participants separately [55], and treatment success rates for the diminishing frailty status were similar between frail older men (OR: 2.00, 95% CI: 0.09–44.35) and women (OR: 2.86, 95% CI: 0.41–20.14)”
From Effects of Protein Supplementation Combined with Exercise Intervention on Frailty Indices, Body Composition, and Physical Function in Frail Older Adults (2018) · cites this paper as [55]
Cites
Frailty in Older Adults: Evidence for a Phenotype
Fried, L. P., Tangen, C. M., Walston, J., Newman, A. B., Hirsch, C., Gottdiener, J., Seeman, T., Tracy, R., Kop, W. J., Burke, G., et al. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146 · Cited by 24,907 · see citing works
The Timed “Up & Go”: A Test of Basic Functional Mobility for Frail Elderly Persons
Podsiadlo, D., & Richardson, S. (1991) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1991.tb01616.x · Cited by 14,418 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For the Timed Up-and-Go, procedures were adopted from previously published methods.(21,22) The OT/PT/RA also collected participant weight, height, and modified mini-mental state (3MS) score.”
MethodA global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people
Rockwood, K. (2005) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.050051 · Cited by 8,968 · see citing works
The Revised CONSORT Statement for Reporting Randomized Trials: Explanation and Elaboration
Altman, D. G., Schulz, K. F., Moher, D., Egger, M., Davidoff, F., Elbourne, D., Gøtzsche, P. C., Lang, T., & for the CONSORT Group (2001) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-134-8-200104170-00012 · Cited by 3,835 · see citing works
Predicting the Probability for Falls in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using the Timed Up & Go Test
Shumway‐Cook, A., Brauer, S., & Woollacott, M. H. (2000) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/80.9.896 · Cited by 3,355 · see citing works
Deutz, N. E. P., Bauer, J. M., Barazzoni, R., Biolo, G., Boirie, Y., Bosy-Westphal, A., Cederholm, T., Cruz-Jentoft, A., Krznariç, Z., Nair, K. S., et al. (2014) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.04.007 · Cited by 1,738 · see citing works
Katsanos, C. S., Kobayashi, H., Sheffield-Moore, M., Aarsland, A., & Wolfe, R. R. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00488.2005 · Cited by 923 · see citing works
Dietary protein recommendations and the prevention of sarcopenia
Paddon-Jones, D., & Rasmussen, B. B. (2009) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e32831cef8b · Cited by 823 · see citing works
Schaap, L. A., Pluijm, S. M. F., Deeg, D. J. H., Harris, T. B., Kritchevsky, S. B., Newman, A. B., Colbert, L. H., Pahor, M., Rubin, S. M., Tylavsky, F. A., et al. (2009) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/glp097 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
Serum albumin and health in older people: Review and meta analysis
Cabrerizo, S., Cuadras, D., Gómez-Busto, F., Artabe, I. A., Marín-Ciancas, F., & Malafarina, V. (2015) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.02.009 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Tieland, M., Dirks, M. L., van der Zwaluw, N., Verdijk, L. B., van de Rest, O., de Groot, L. C. P. G. M., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2012) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2012.05.020 · Cited by 556 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Additionally, the frail participants in Tieland et al.(18,19) that were involved in resistance training programs were able to leg press between 120 and 140 kg and these participants (men and women) exhibited a much higher initial hand grip strength at 26 ± 2 kg,(19) compared to the participants involved in the present…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialProtein-Energy Undernutrition Among Elderly Hospitalized Patients: A Prospective Study
Sullivan, D. H., Sun, S., & Walls, R. C. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.21.2013 · Cited by 501 · see citing works
Tumor necrosis factor-α and muscle wasting: a cellular perspective
Reid, M. B., & Li, Y. (2001) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/rr67 · Cited by 458 · see citing works
Malnutrition: laboratory markers vs nutritional assessment
Bharadwaj, S. S., Ginoya, S., Tandon, P., Gohel, T. D., Guirguis, J., Vallabh, H., Jevenn, A., & Hanouneh, I. (2016) · Gastroenterology Report · doi:10.1093/gastro/gow013 · Cited by 452 · see citing works
The developmental origins of sarcopenia
Sayer, A. A., Syddall, H., Martin, H., Patel, H., Baylis, D., & Cooper, C. (2008) · The Journal of nutrition, health and aging · doi:10.1007/bf02982703 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Tieland, M., van de Rest, O., Dirks, M. L., van der Zwaluw, N., Mensink, M., van Loon, L. J. C., & de Groot, L. C. P. G. M. (2012) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2012.07.005 · Cited by 446 · cited 6× · see citing works
“Additionally, the frail participants in Tieland et al.(18,19) that were involved in resistance training programs were able to leg press between 120 and 140 kg and these participants (men and women) exhibited a much higher initial hand grip strength at 26 ± 2 kg,(19) compared to the participants involved in the present…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRieu, I., Balage, M., Sornet, C., Giraudet, C., Pujos, E., Grizard, J., Mosoni, L., & Dardevet, D. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.110742 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Campbell, W. W., Trappe, T. A., Wolfe, R. R., & Evans, W. J. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.6.m373 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Protein "requirements" beyond the RDA: implications for optimizing health
Phillips, S. M., Chevalier, S., & Leidy, H. J. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0550 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Morley, J. E., & Silver, A. J. (1988) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(88)80004-6 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Frailty syndrome and skeletal muscle: results from the Invecchiare in Chianti study
Cesari, M., Leeuwenburgh, C., Lauretani, F., Onder, G., Bandinelli, S., Maraldi, C., Guralnik, J. M., Pahor, M., & Ferrucci, L. (2006) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/83.5.1142 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Prealbumin: a marker for nutritional evaluation.
Beck, F. K., & Rosenthal, T. C. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Optimal management of sarcopenia
Sumukadas, D. (2010) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s11473 · Cited by 303 · see citing works
Cesari, M., Fielding, R. A., Pahor, M., Goodpaster, B. H., Hellerstein, M. K., van Kan, G. A., Anker, S. D., Rutkove, S. B., Vrijbloed, J. W., Isaac, M., et al. (2012) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1007/s13539-012-0078-2 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Churchward-Venne, T. A., Burd, N. A., Breen, L., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2012) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/1743-7075-9-57 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Burd, N. A., Yang, Y., Moore, D. R., Tang, J. E., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Phillips, S. M. (2012) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114511006271 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Devoto, G., Gallo, F., Marchello, C., Racchi, O., Garbarini, R., Bonassi, S., Albalustri, G., & Haupt, E. (2006) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2006.080366 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Undernutrition in older adults
Morley, J. E. (2012) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmr054 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Body Weight, Anorexia, and Undernutrition in Older People
Soenen, S., & Chapman, I. M. (2013) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2013.02.004 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Vellas, B. J., Hunt, W. C., Romero, L. J., Koehler, K. M., Baumgartner, R. N., & Garry, P. J. (1997) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(97)00029-4 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Significance of Transthyretin in Protein Metabolism
Ingenbleek, Y., & Young, V. R. (2002) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.2002.222 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Improving nutritional screening of hospitalized patients: the role of prealbumin
Robinson, M., Trujillo, E., Mogensen, K. M., Rounds, J., McManus, K. D., & Jacobs, D. (2003) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607103027006389 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Zhu, K., Kerr, D. A., Meng, X., Devine, A., Solah, V. A., Binns, C. W., & Prince, R. L. (2015) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.115.218297 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Muscle mass, survival, and the elderly ICU patient
Griffiths, R. D. (1996) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(96)00141-4 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Garrido, J. F., Ruiz-Ros, V., Buigues, C., Navarro-Martínez, R., & Cauli, O. (2014) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2014.02.008 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Undernutrition and Anorexia in the Older Person
Visvanathan, R., & Chapman, I. M. (2009) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2009.06.009 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Protein intake and muscle strength in older persons: does inflammation matter?
Bartali, B., Frongillo, E. A., Stipanuk, M. H., Bandinelli, S., Salvini, S., Palli, D., Morais, J. A., Volpato, S., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03833.x · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Role of specific dietary amino acids in clinical conditions
Jonker, R., Engelen, M., & Deutz, N. (2012) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512002358 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Karelis, A. D., Messier, V., Suppère, C., Briand, P., & RABASA-LHORET, R. P. R. (2015) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-015-0442-y · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Muscle Aging
Cannon, J. G. (1998) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09893.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Metabolic changes in rats during a continuous infusion of recombinant interleukin-1
Ling, P. R., Schwartz, J. H., Jeevanandam, M., Gauldie, J., & Bistrian, B. R. (1996) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1996.270.2.e305 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Kramer, I. F., Verdijk, L. B., Hamer, H. M., Verlaan, S., Luiking, Y. C., Kouw, I. W. K., Senden, J. M., van Kranenburg, J. M. X., Gijsen, A. P., Poeze, M., et al. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2352 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
McCullough, J., & Keller, H. (2016) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-016-0859-y · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Interventions for Frailty Among Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease
Ijaz, N., Buta, B., Xue, Q.-L., Mohess, D. T., Bushan, A., Tran, H., Batchelor, W., deFilippi, C. R., Walston, J. D., Bandeen-Roche, K., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.029 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
ESPEN guideline on nutritional support for polymorbid medical inpatients
Wunderle, C., Gomes, F., Schuetz, P., Stumpf, F., Austin, P., Ballesteros-Pomar, M. D., Cederholm, T., Fletcher, J., Laviano, A., Norman, K., et al. (2023) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2023.06.023 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“…47 malnourished polymorbid patients participating in a rehabilitation program on a geriatric ward, compared whey supplementation vs. no whey supplementation and demonstrated positive effects on daily protein intake (1.48 vs. 1.05 g/kg body weight) and muscle strength [76] ( Level of Evidence 1 þ ).”
InfluentialLiao, C.-D., Lee, P.-H., Hsiao, D.-J., Huang, S.-W., Tsauo, J.-Y., Chen, H.-C., & Liou, T.-H. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10121916 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Al-Rawhani, A. H., Adznam, S. N., Abu Zaid, Z., Md. Yusop, N. B., M. Sallehuddin, H., & Alshawsh, M. A. (2024) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2024.08.033 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
- Authors
- Niccoli, S., Kolobov, A., Bon, T., Rafilovich, S., Munro, H., Tanner, K., Pearson, T., & Lees, S. J.
- Affiliations
- NOSM University (CA)
- St. Joseph's Care Group (CA)
- Lakehead University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Lees, Simon J.
- Venue
- Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2017-10-02
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 149-165
- ISSN
- 2155-1197 (ISSN-L)
- 2155-1200
- OpenAlex
- W2778711570
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 3.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Northern Ontario Academic Medicine Association
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- whey protein supplementation, frail elderly, hospitalized older adults, rehabilitation outcomes, muscle strength, grip strength, prealbumin, protein nutritional status, protein intake, functional recovery
- MeSH terms
- Whey Proteins, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Energy Intake, Dietary Proteins, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritional Status, Biomarkers, Frail Elderly, Treatment Outcome, Hand Strength, Dietary Supplements, Nutrition Therapy, Muscle Strength
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
