Long-term performance of Utah slanted electrode arrays and intramuscular electromyographic leads implanted chronically in human arm nerves and muscles
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE: We explore the long-term performance and stability of seven percutaneous Utah Slanted Electrode Arrays (USEAs) and intramuscular recording leads (iEMGs) implanted chronically in the residual arm nerves and muscles of three human participants as a means to permanently restore sensorimotor function after transradial amputations. APPROACH: We quantify the number of functional recording and functional stimulating electrodes over time. We also calculate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of USEA and iEMG recordings and quantify the stimulation current necessary to evoke detectable sensory percepts. Furthermore, we quantify the consistency of the sensory modality, receptive field location, and receptive field size of USEA-evoked percepts. MAIN RESULTS: In the most recent subject, involving USEAs with technical improvements, neural recordings persisted for 502 d (entire implant duration) and the number of functional recording electrodes for one USEA increased over time. However, for six out of seven USEAs across the three participants, the number of functional recording electrodes decreased within the first 2 months after implantation. The SNR of neural recordings and electromyographic recordings stayed relatively consistent over time. Sensory percepts were consistently evoked over the span of 14 months, were not significantly different in size, and highlighted the nerves' fascicular organization. The percentage of percepts with consistent modality or consistent receptive field location between sessions (∼1 month apart) varied between 0%-86.2% and 9.1%-100%, respectively. Stimulation thresholds and electrode impedances increased initially but then remained relatively stable over time. SIGNIFICANCE: This work demonstrates improved performance of USEAs, and provides a basis for comparing the longevity and stability of USEAs to that of other neural interfaces. USEAs provide a rich repertoire of neural recordings and sensory percepts. Although their performance still generally declines over time, functionality can persist long-term. Future work should leverage the results presented here to further improve USEA design or to develop adaptive algorithms that can maintain a high level of performance.
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UEAs have been successfully implanted in human subjects in numerous studies and these devices have continued to work for many years.
“Although the duration of this study was limited to 6 months, UEAs have been successfully implanted in human subjects in numerous studies (25-29) and these devices have continued to work for many years.”
From Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
The Discussion (p. 13) says Utah slanted electrode arrays had been implanted in seven human amputees and that recording functionality was demonstrated through 502 days. This supports human implantation and continued function beyond a year, but not the claim that the devices continued to work for many years. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- George, J. A., Page, D. M., Davis, T. S., Duncan, C. C., Hutchinson, D. T., Rieth, L. W., & Clark, G. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Avanos Medical (United States) (US)
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research (US)
- Corresponding author
- George, Jacob A
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neural Engineering
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2020-10-31
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 056042
- ISSN
- 1741-2552 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3091784096
- Cited by
- 75
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 4.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neural Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (N66001-15-C-4017)
- National Science Foundation (GRFP-1747505, NSF ECCS-1533649)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Muscle activation and electromyography studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- transradial amputation, sensory feedback, receptive fields, signal-to-noise ratio, stimulation threshold, electrode impedance, peripheral nerve recording
- MeSH terms
- Arm, Artificial Limbs, Electrodes, Implanted, Humans, Microelectrodes, Muscles, Utah
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