Non-rectangular waveforms for neural stimulation with practical electrodes
Open accessAbstract
Historically the rectangular pulse waveform has been the choice for neural stimulation. The strength-duration curve is thus defined for rectangular pulses. Not much attention has been paid to alternative waveforms to determine if the pulse shape has an effect on the strength-duration relation. Similarly the charge injection capacity of neural electrodes has also been measured with rectangular pulses. In this study we questioned if non-rectangular waveforms can generate a stronger stimulation effect, when applied through practical electrodes, by minimizing the neural activation threshold and maximizing the charge injection capacity of the electrode. First, the activation threshold parameters were studied with seven different pulse shapes using computer simulations of a local membrane model. These waveforms were rectangular, linear increase and decrease, exponential increase and decrease, Gaussian, and sinusoidal. The chronaxie time was found to be longer with all the non-rectangular pulses and some provided more energy efficient stimulation than the rectangular waveform. Second, the charge injection capacity of titanium nitride microelectrodes was measured experimentally for the same waveforms. Linearly decreasing ramp provided the best charge injection for all pulse widths tested from 0.02 to 0.5 ms. Finally, the most efficient waveform that maximized the charge injection capacity of the electrode while providing the lowest threshold charge for neural activation was searched. Linear and exponential decrease, and Gaussian waveforms were found to be the most efficient pulse shapes.
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Sahin and Tie found linear, gaussian and exponential decrease waveforms were most effective in terms of charge injection and lowest threshold charge.
“The linear, gaussian and exponential decrease waveforms were most effective in terms of charge injection and lowest threshold charge [88].”
From Safety of long-term electrical peripheral nerve stimulation: review of the state of the art (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
Sahin and Tie found the chronaxie to be longer with all non-rectangular pulses than with rectangular pulses.
“Using computational models of nerve membrane potentials, they found the chronaxie to be longer with all non-rectangular pulses.”
From Safety of long-term electrical peripheral nerve stimulation: review of the state of the art (2019) · cites this paper as [88]
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- Authors
- Sahin, M., & Tie, Y.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- ORCID
- Tie, Yanmei
- Venue
- Journal of Neural Engineering
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2007-05-02
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 227-233
- ISSN
- 1741-2552 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-2560
- PMC
- PMC3759998
- OpenAlex
- W2045495785
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neural Engineering (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R21NS050757)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Undergraduate Neuroscience Education and Research
- Keywords
- neurostimulation, strength-duration curve, activation threshold, chronaxie, charge injection capacity, pulse shape, exponential pulse, Gaussian pulse, sinusoidal pulses
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Computer Simulation, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Equipment Design, Humans, Membrane Potentials, Models, Neurological, Neurons, Peripheral Nerves, Equipment Failure Analysis
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