The underappreciated role of muscle in health and disease

Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people

Fiatarone, M. A., O'Neill, E. F., Ryan, N. D., Clements, K. M., Solares, G. R., Nelson, M. E., Roberts, S. B., Kehayias, J. J., Lipsitz, L. A., & Evans, W. J. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199406233302501 · Cited by 2,857

Skeletal muscle triglyceride levels are inversely related to insulin action

Pan, D. A., Lillioja, S., Kriketos, A. D., Milner, M. R., Baur, L. A., Bogardus, C., Jenkins, A. B., & Storlien, L. H. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.46.6.983 · Cited by 1,179

Skeletal Muscle Triglyceride Levels Are Inversely Related to Insulin Action

Pan, D. A., Lillioja, S., Kriketos, A. D., Milner, M. R., Baur, L. A., Bogardus, C., Jenkins, A. B., & Storlien, L. H. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.46.6.983 · Cited by 1,179

Skeletal muscle fatty acid metabolism in association with insulin resistance, obesity, and weight loss

Kelley, D. E., Goodpaster, B., Wing, R. R., & Simoneau, J.-A. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.6.e1130 · Cited by 1,096

Postexercise net protein synthesis in human muscle from orally administered amino acids

Tipton, K. D., Ferrando, A. A., Phillips, S. M., Doyle, D., & Wolfe, R. R. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1999.276.4.e628 · Cited by 616

Testosterone administration to older men improves muscle function: molecular and physiological mechanisms

Ferrando, A. A., Sheffield-Moore, M., Yeckel, C. W., Gilkison, C., Jiang, J., Achacosa, A., Lieberman, S. A., Tipton, K., Wolfe, R. R., & Urban, R. J. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00362.2001 · Cited by 522

THE INSULIN RESISTANCE SYNDROME: Definition and Dietary Approaches to Treatment

Reaven, G. M. (2005) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev.nutr.24.012003.132155 · Cited by 516

Human muscle protein synthesis is modulated by extracellular, not intramuscular amino acid availability: a dose-response study

Bohé, J., Low, A., Wolfe, R. R., & Rennie, M. J. (2003) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2003.050674 · Cited by 496

Amino acid ingestion improves muscle protein synthesis in the young and elderly

Paddon-Jones, D., Sheffield-Moore, M., Zhang, X.-J., Volpi, E., Wolf, S. E., Aarsland, A., Ferrando, A. A., & Wolfe, R. R. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00368.2003 · Cited by 467

Essential Amino Acid and Carbohydrate Supplementation Ameliorates Muscle Protein Loss in Humans during 28 Days Bedrest

Paddon-Jones, D., Sheffield-Moore, M., Urban, R. J., Sanford, A. P., Aarsland, A., Wolfe, R. R., & Ferrando, A. A. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-032159 · Cited by 338

Sex differences in the effects of 12 weeks sprint interval training on body fat mass and the rates of fatty acid oxidation and VO2max during exercise

Bagley, L., Slevin, M., Bradburn, S., Liu, D., Murgatroyd, C., Morrissey, G., Carroll, M., Piasecki, M., Gilmore, W. S., & McPhee, J. S. (2016) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000056 · Cited by 52

Exploration of the protein requirement during weight loss in obese older adults

Weijs, P. J. M., & Wolfe, R. R. (2016) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2015.02.016 · Cited by 48

A Review of the Potential Local Mechanisms by Which Exercise Improves Functional Outcomes in Intermittent Claudication

Harwood, A.-E., Cayton, T., Sarvanandan, R., Lane, R., & Chetter, I. (2016) · Annals of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.avsg.2015.05.043 · Cited by 43

Minimalist Training: Is Lower Dosage or Intensity Resistance Training Effective to Improve Physical Fitness? A Narrative Review

Behm, D. G., Granacher, U., Warneke, K., Aragão-Santos, J. C., Da Silva-Grigoletto, M. E., & Konrad, A. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01949-3 · Cited by 45

Hormones, Metabolism and the Benefits of Exercise

(2017) · Research and Perspectives in Endocrine Interactions · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-72790-5 · Cited by 44

Differences in muscle energy metabolism and metabolic flexibility between sarcopenic and nonsarcopenic older adults

Shoemaker, M. E., Pereira, S. L., Mustad, V. A., Gillen, Z. M., McKay, B. D., Lopez‐Pedrosa, J. M., Rueda, R., & Cramer, J. T. (2022) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12932 · Cited by 43

Calculation of protein requirements; a comparison of calculations based on bodyweight and fat free mass

Dekker, I. M., van Rijssen, N. M., Verreijen, A., Weijs, P. J., de Boer, W. B. (., Terpstra, D., & Kruizenga, H. M. (2022) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.01.014 · Cited by 40

The Effect of Additional Protein on Lean Body Mass Preservation in Post-Bariatric Surgery Patients: A Systematic Review

Romeijn, M. M., Holthuijsen, D. D. B., Kolen, A. M., Janssen, L., Schep, G., van Dielen, F. M. H., & Leclercq, W. K. G. (2021) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-021-00688-3 · Cited by 40

Associations of physical activity with sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in middle-aged and older adults: the Louisiana osteoporosis study

Du, Y., Xu, T., Yin, Z., Espinoza, S., Xie, Y., Gentry, C., Tian, Q., Zhao, L.-J., Shen, H., Luo, Z., et al. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-13288-5 · Cited by 39

Body composition changes at 12 months following different surgical weight loss interventions in adults with obesity: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized control trials

Sylivris, A., Mesinovic, J., Scott, D., & Jansons, P. (2022) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13442 · Cited by 39

Portuguese Football Federation consensus statement 2020: nutrition and performance in football

Abreu, R., Figueiredo, P., Beckert, P., Marques, J. P., Amorim, S., Caetano, C., Carvalho, P., Sá, C., Cotovio, R., Cruz, J., et al. (2021) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001082 · Cited by 38

Equivalent Hypertrophy and Strength Gains in β-Hydroxy-β-Methylbutyrate- or Leucine-supplemented Men

JAKUBOWSKI, J. S., WONG, E. P. T., NUNES, E. A., NOGUCHI, K. S., VANDEWEERD, J. K., MURPHY, K. T., MORTON, R. W., MCGLORY, C., & PHILLIPS, S. M. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001752 · Cited by 34

Protein intake induced an increase in exercise stimulated fat oxidation during stable body weight

Soenen, S., Plasqui, G., Smeets, A. J., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2010) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.08.019 · Cited by 33

Novel Multi-Ingredient Supplement Facilitates Weight Loss and Improves Body Composition in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

Nederveen, J. P., Mastrolonardo, A. J., Xhuti, D., Di Carlo, A., Manta, K., Fuda, M. R., & Tarnopolsky, M. A. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15173693 · Cited by 33

Lack of muscle mTOR kinase activity causes early onset myopathy and compromises whole‐body homeostasis

Zhang, Q., Duplany, A., Moncollin, V., Mouradian, S., Goillot, E., Mazelin, L., Gauthier, K., Streichenberger, N., Angleraux, C., Chen, J., et al. (2019) · Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12336 · Cited by 31

Long‐Term Body Composition Changes in Women Following Roux‐en‐Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

Cole, A. J., Kuchnia, A. J., Beckman, L. M., Jahansouz, C., Mager, J. R., Sibley, S. D., & Earthman, C. P. (2017) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607115625621 · Cited by 32

Ribosome accumulation during early phase resistance training in humans

Hammarström, D., Øfsteng, S. J., Jacobsen, N. B., Flobergseter, K. B., Rønnestad, B. R., & Ellefsen, S. (2022) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.13806 · Cited by 32

Current opinion on dietary advice in order to preserve fat-free mass during a low-calorie diet

Rondanelli, M., Faliva, M. A., Gasparri, C., Peroni, G., Spadaccini, D., Maugeri, R., Nichetti, M., Infantino, V., & Perna, S. (2020) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2019.110667 · Cited by 29

Sculpting Success: The Importance of Diet and Physical Activity to Support Skeletal Muscle Health during Weight Loss with New Generation Anti-Obesity Medications

Grosicki, G. J., Dhurandhar, N. V., Unick, J. L., Arent, S. M., Thomas, J. G., Lofton, H., Shepherd, M. C., Kiel, J., Coleman, C., & Jonnalagadda, S. S. (2024) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104486 · Cited by 31

Differential metabolic effects of casein and soy protein meals on skeletal muscle in healthy volunteers

Luiking, Y. C., Engelen, M. P. K. J., Soeters, P. B., Boirie, Y., & Deutz, N. E. P. (2011) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2010.06.012 · Cited by 30

Higher total protein intake and change in total protein intake affect body composition but not metabolic syndrome indexes in middle-aged overweight and obese adults who perform resistance and aerobic exercise for 36 weeks

Campbell, W. W., Kim, J. E., Amankwaah, A. F., Gordon, S. L., & Weinheimer-Haus, E. M. (2015) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.3945/jn.115.213595 · Cited by 28

Physical performance measures in screening for reduced lean body mass in adult females with obesity

El Ghoch, M., Rossi, A. P., Calugi, S., Rubele, S., Soave, F., Zamboni, M., Chignola, E., Mazzali, G., Bazzani, P. V., & Dalle Grave, R. (2018) · Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2018.06.008 · Cited by 26

Changes in body fat percentage during body weight stable conditions of increased daily protein intake vs. control

Soenen, S., & Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S. (2010) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.09.014 · Cited by 25

Timing Protein Intake Increases Energy Expenditure 24 h after Resistance Training

HACKNEY, K. J., BRUENGER, A. J., & LEMMER, J. T. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181c12976 · Cited by 25

Intermittent fasting and continuous energy restriction result in similar changes in body composition and muscle strength when combined with a 12 week resistance training program

Keenan, S. J., Cooke, M. B., Hassan, E. B., Chen, W. S., Sullivan, J., Wu, S. X., El-Ansary, D., Imani, M., & Belski, R. (2022) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-022-02804-3 · Cited by 24

Body weight at 10 years of age and change in body composition between 8 and 10 years of age were related to survival in a longitudinal study of 39 Labrador retriever dogs

Penell, J. C., Morgan, D. M., Watson, P., Carmichael, S., & Adams, V. J. (2019) · Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/s13028-019-0477-x · Cited by 23

Preliminary Evidence Suggests That a 12-Week Treatment with Tirzepatide Plus Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy Is More Effective than Its Combination with a Low-Calorie Diet in Preserving Fat-Free Mass, Muscle Strength, and Resting Metabolic Rate in Patients with Obesity

Schiavo, L., Santella, B., Mingo, M., Rossetti, G., Orio, M., Cobellis, L., Maurano, A., Iannelli, A., & Pilone, V. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17071216 · Cited by 22

Optimizing Bone Health in Older Adults: The Importance of Dietary Protein

Surdykowski, A. K., Kenny, A. M., Insogna, K. L., & Kerstetter, J. E. (2010) · Aging Health · doi:10.2217/ahe.10.16 · Cited by 22

Targeting skeletal muscle mitochondrial health in obesity

Pileggi, C. A., Hooks, B. G., McPherson, R., Dent, R. R. M., & Harper, M.-E. (2022) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20210506 · Cited by 21

Myotube growth is associated with cancer-like metabolic reprogramming and is limited by phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase

Stadhouders, L. E. M., Smith, J. A. B., Gabriel, B. M., Verbrugge, S. A. J., Hammersen, T. D., Kolijn, D., Vogel, I. S. P., Mohamed, A. D., de Wit, G. M. J., Offringa, C., et al. (2023) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113820 · Cited by 19

Effects of an acute bout of resistance exercise on fiber-type specific GLUT4 and IGF-1R expression

Gallagher, P. M., Touchberry, C. D., Teson, K., McCabe, E., Tehel, M., & Wacker, M. J. (2013) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2012-0301 · Cited by 17

Glucocorticoid treatment, immobility, and constipation are associated with nutritional risk

Gutzwiller, J.-P., Aschwanden, J., Iff, S., Leuenberger, M., Perrig, M., & Stanga, Z. (2011) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-011-0177-4 · Cited by 17

Requirements of Energy, Carbohydrates, Proteins and Fats for Athletes

Kerksick, C. M., & Kulovitz, M. (2013) · Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396454-0.00036-9 · Cited by 16

High-Protein or Low Glycemic Index Diet—Which Energy-Restricted Diet Is Better to Start a Weight Loss Program?

Waliłko, E., Napierała, M., Bryśkiewicz, M., Fronczyk, A., & Majkowska, L. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13041086 · Cited by 16

Organotypic cultures as aging associated disease models

Sanchez, M. M., Bagdasarian, I. A., Darch, W., & Morgan, J. T. (2022) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.204361 · Cited by 12

High Rate of Deficiency in the Amino Acids Tryptophan and Histidine in People with Wounds: Implication for Nutrient Targeting in Wound Management-A Pilot Study

Dawson, B., & Favaloro, E. J. (2009) · Advances in Skin & Wound Care · doi:10.1097/01.asw.0000345280.20779.17 · Cited by 12

Nutritional Approaches to Treating Sarcopenia

Paddon‐Jones, D., & van Loon, L. (2012) · Sarcopenia · doi:10.1002/9781118338032.ch19 · Cited by 10

The effects of a home-based resistance training programme on body composition and muscle function during weight loss in people living with overweight or obesity: a randomised controlled pilot trial

Binmahfoz, A., Johnston, L., Dunning, E., Gray, C. M., & Gray, S. R. (2025) · Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1186/s12986-025-00986-1 · Cited by 8

Effects of oral supplementation of β -hydroxy-β -methylbutyrate on muscle mass and strength in individuals over the age of 50: a meta-analysis

Li, N., Chen, S., He, Y., Chen, Y., Duan, X., He, W., Wang, Q., Liu, S., Liu, T., & Fang, H. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1522287 · Cited by 8

Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators

Muñoz López, M., López-Gil, J. F., Ramírez de la piscina Viúdez, X., Baz-Valle, E., & Tornero Aguilera, J. F. (2026) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells15111041 · Cited by 1