Sex differences in the effects of 12 weeks sprint interval training on body fat mass and the rates of fatty acid oxidation and VO2max during exercise
Open accessAbstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to examine whether very short duration, very high intensity sprint interval training (SIT) leads to loss of body fat mass in association with improvements to VO 2 max and fatty acid oxidation, and to assess the extent of sex dimorphism in these physiological responses. Methods: A total of 24 men and 17 women (mean (SEM) age: 39 (±2) years; body mass index 24.6 (0.6)) completed measurements of the maximal rate of oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) and fatty acid oxidation (FATmax). Body fat and lean mass were measured by dual emission x-ray absorptiometry, and fasting blood lipid, glucose and insulin profiles were assessed before and after training. SIT consisted of 4×20 s sprints on a cycle ergometer at approximately 175% VO 2 max, three times per week for 12 weeks. Results: Fat mass decreased by 1.0 kg, although men lost statistically significantly more fat than women both when expressed in Kg and as % body fat. VO 2 max increased by around 9%, but women improved VO 2 max significantly more than men. FATmax improved by around 13%, but fasting plasma glucose, insulin, total triglyceride, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) did not change after training, while low-density lipoprotein decreased by 8% (p=0.028) and the HDL:Total Cholesterol ratio improved by 6%. There were no sex differences in these metabolic responses to training. Conclusions: These results show lower body fat %, and higher rates of fatty acid oxidation and VO 2 max after 12 weeks of training for just 4 min per week. Notably, women improved VO 2 max more than men, while men lost more fat than women.
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Women utilize more lipid than men, largely attributable to sex-specific hormonal influences and epigenetic adaptations to endurance exercise.
“women utilize more lipid when compared to men and this is largely attributable to sex-specific hormonal influences and epigenetic adaptations to endurance exercise [86,175–177].”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [175]
The Discussion’s “Rates of fatty acid oxidation” section says that, in the untrained state, women have higher relative rates of fatty acid oxidation than men during prolonged exercise. It does not attribute that difference largely to hormonal influences or epigenetic adaptations. The “Body fatness” section links sex hormones to differences in body fatness, not specifically to lipid use; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Bagley, L., Slevin, M., Bradburn, S., Liu, D., Murgatroyd, C., Morrissey, G., Carroll, M., Piasecki, M., Gilmore, W. S., & McPhee, J. S.
- Affiliations
- Manchester Metropolitan University (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Bagley, Liam
- ORCID
- Venue
- BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2016-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e000056
- ISSN
- 2055-7647 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5117024
- OpenAlex
- W2303398811
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 15.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- e-space (Manchester Metropolitan University) (acceptedVersion)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Medical Research Council (MR/K025252/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Keywords
- sprint interval training, sex differences, fat mass, fatty acid oxidation, VO2max, fat oxidation, high-intensity interval training, fat loss, lipid profile, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, insulin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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