Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Associations Between Objectively Measured Sleep Duration and Body Mass Index: The CARDIA Sleep Study
Open accessAbstract
Numerous studies have found an association between shorter sleep duration and higher body mass index (BMI) in adults. Most previous studies have been cross-sectional and relied on self-reported sleep duration, which may not be very accurate. In the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Sleep Study (2000-2006), the authors examine whether objectively measured sleep is associated with BMI and change in BMI. They use several nights of wrist actigraphy to measure sleep among participants in an ongoing cohort of middle-aged adults. By use of linear regression, the authors examine whether average sleep duration or fragmentation is associated with BMI and 5-year change in BMI, adjusting for confounders. Among 612 participants, sleep duration averaged 6.1 hours and was grouped into 4 categories. Both shorter sleep and greater fragmentation were strongly associated with higher BMI in unadjusted cross-sectional analysis. After adjustment, BMI decreased by 0.78 kg/m(2) (95% confidence interval: -1.6, -0.002) for each increasing sleep category. The association was very strong in persons who reported snoring and weak in those who did not. There were no longitudinal associations between sleep measurements and change in BMI. The authors confirmed a cross-sectional association between sleep duration and BMI using objective sleep measures, but they did not find that sleep predicted change in BMI. The mechanism underlying the cross-sectional association is not clear.
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Short sleepers experience greater weight increases over time according to most, but not all, prospective observational studies.
“Short sleepers experience greater weight increases over time according to most,4,18–22 but not all studies.17,23,24”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [17]
The relationship between short sleep and BMI was confirmed by actigraphy in 612 participants aged 35-50 years.
“The relationship between short sleep and BMI was also confirmed by actigraphy in 612 participants (35–50 years old).17”
From Interacting epidemics? Sleep curtailment, insulin resistance, and obesity (2012) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Lauderdale, D. S., Knutson, K. L., Rathouz, P. J., Yan, L. L., Hulley, S. B., & Liu, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Epidemiology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2009-08-03
- Volume
- 170
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 805-813
- ISSN
- 0002-9262 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-6256
- PMC
- PMC2765362
- OpenAlex
- W2004938830
- Cited by
- 237
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 26.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- American Journal of Epidemiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Northwestern University
- Peking University
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc95095-66-0-1, n01hc48050-59-0-1, n01hc48048-58-0-1, n01hc48047-55-0-1, n01hc48049-61-0-1)
- National Institute on Aging (P01AG011412, AG-11412)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01HC48050, N01 HC 95095, N01 HC048048, N01-HC-048049, NO1-HC-48049, N01 HC095095, N01 HC048050, N01-HC48048, N01-HC-48-049, N01 HC048047, NO1-HC-95095, N01-HC-480-47)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Keywords
- sleep duration, body mass index, sleep fragmentation, obesity, snoring, actigraphy, middle-aged adults, objective sleep measurement
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Sleep, Snoring, Time Factors, Body Mass Index, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Polysomnography
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