Sleep and the epidemic of obesity in children and adults
Open accessAbstract
Sleep is an important modulator of neuroendocrine function and glucose metabolism in children as well as in adults. In recent years, sleep curtailment has become a hallmark of modern society with both children and adults having shorter bedtimes than a few decades ago. This trend for shorter sleep duration has developed over the same time period as the dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity. There is rapidly accumulating evidence from both laboratory and epidemiological studies to indicate that chronic partial sleep loss may increase the risk of obesity and weight gain. The present article reviews laboratory evidence indicating that sleep curtailment in young adults results in a constellation of metabolic and endocrine alterations, including decreased glucose tolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, elevated sympathovagal balance, increased evening concentrations of cortisol, increased levels of ghrelin, decreased levels of leptin, and increased hunger and appetite. We also review cross-sectional epidemiological studies associating short sleep with increased body mass index and prospective epidemiological studies that have shown an increased risk of weight gain and obesity in children and young adults who are short sleepers. Altogether, the evidence points to a possible role of decreased sleep duration in the current epidemic of obesity.
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Experimental sleep restriction reduces cellular and whole body insulin sensitivity, lowers glucose tolerance, and raises afternoon and evening levels of cortisol, an insulin antagonist.
“Experimental sleep restriction reduces cellular and whole body insulin sensitivity, lowers glucose tolerance, and raises afternoon and evening levels of cortisol, an insulin antagonist.64,65”
Experimental sleep restriction reduces cellular and whole body insulin sensitivity, lowers glucose tolerance, and raises afternoon and evening levels of cortisol.
“Experimental sleep restriction reduces cellular and whole body insulin sensitivity, lowers glucose tolerance, and raises afternoon and evening levels of cortisol, an insulin antagonist.64,65”
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- Authors
- Van Cauter, E., & Knutson, K. L.
- Affiliations
- Departments of1MedicineMC10272Health StudiesUniversity of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
- University of Chicago (US)
- ORCID
- Knutson, Kristen L
- Venue
- European Journal of Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 159
- Issue
- suppl_1
- Pages
- S59-S66
- ISSN
- 0804-4643 (ISSN-L)
- 1479-683X
- PMC
- PMC2755992
- OpenAlex
- W2163075259
- Cited by
- 427
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 45 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 42 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 2.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- European Journal of Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P01-AG11412., P01AG011412)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL075079)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P60DK20595, R01 DK0716960, P60DK020595)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000055)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- sleep duration, short sleep duration, obesity, childhood obesity, weight gain, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, cortisol, ghrelin, leptin, appetite, sympathovagal balance, body mass index, neuroendocrine function
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Appetite, Child, Disease Outbreaks, Humans, Neurosecretory Systems, Obesity, Sleep Deprivation, Time Factors, Weight Gain, Prevalence, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Risk Assessment, Cross-Over Studies, Young Adult
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