Posterior parietal cortex is implicated in continuous switching between verbal fluency tasks: an fMRI study with clinical implications
Abstract
We investigated whether posterior parietal cortex controls attentional switching when the tasks involve neither spatial nor visual cognition. Normal volunteers were scanned using functional MRI (fMRI). In all conditions, subjects were required to covertly produce words in verbal fluency tasks. They did so at a rate of one every 2 s (with eyes closed) in response to an auditory beep. In the non-switching (NS) trials, subjects responded with a series of items from a prespecified semantic category (SC) (e.g. fruits or cars) and from overlearned sequences (OSs) (days of the week, months of the year or letters of the alphabet). Instructions as to which category items should be drawn from on a given run of trials were presented over fMRI-compatible earphones prior to each run. In the switching (S) trials, subjects produced a series of word triads from three SCs: for example, fruits, cars and furniture (e.g. pear, Mercedes, table.); and from three OSs: days of the week, months of the year and letters of the alphabet (e.g. Monday, January, A.). This design is factorial, with the factors verbal class (SC or OSs) and switching conditions (S or NS). Increases in neural activity (P < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons) were observed only in superior posterior parietal cortex bilaterally as a main effect of the S conditions compared with the NS conditions. When SC fluency was compared with OS fluency, significant activations were found in anterior cingulate cortex bilaterally, the left inferior frontal gyrus, the middle frontal gyrus bilaterally, frontal operculum bilaterally and in the cerebellar vermis. These results support the hypothesis that superior posterior parietal cortex is a supramodal area implicated in task switching, even when no visual or spatial component is implicated in the tasks. Task switching, frequently used to examine 'frontal' executive functions, may also be clinically relevant to the assessment of patients with superior posterior parietal lesions.
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To reduce motion artifacts, fMRI studies usually ask for either silent word generation or single words spoken at a pace set by the experimenter.
“In contrast, in order to mitigate task-related motion artifacts, fMRI studies have typically required either covert word generation (e.g., Gurd et al., 2002; Hirshorn & Thompson-Schill, 2006; Perani et al., 2003), or overt, but experimenter-paced single word production (e.g., Phelps et al., 1997; Abrahams et al., 2003).”
From Neural systems supporting lexical search guided by letter and semantic category cues: a self-paced overt response fMRI study of verbal fluency (2010) · cites this paper as Gurd et al., 2002
The posterior parietal activation during switching is consistent with previous covert verbal fluency studies.
“In addition, increased activation was observed in bilateral posterior parietal regions, a finding consistent with previous reports using covert verbal fluency tasks (Gurd et al., 2002; Gurd et al., 2003).”
From Neural systems supporting lexical search guided by letter and semantic category cues: a self-paced overt response fMRI study of verbal fluency (2010) · cites this paper as Gurd et al., 2002
This null result is consistent with previous studies.
“Surprising, but again consistent with previous studies (Gurd et al., 2002; Gurd et al., 2003), no enhanced activity was found in the more anterior frontal region (the middle frontal gyrus) found to be more active for category compared to letter fluency.”
From Neural systems supporting lexical search guided by letter and semantic category cues: a self-paced overt response fMRI study of verbal fluency (2010) · cites this paper as Gurd et al., 2002
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- Authors
- Gurd, J. M., Amunts, K., Weiss, P. H., Zafiris, O., Zilles, K., Marshall, J. C., & Fink, G. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Forschungszentrum Jülich (DE)
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Gurd, Jennifer M.
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-05
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1024-1038
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- OpenAlex
- W2105686225
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 10.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- JuSER (Forschungszentrum Jülich) (submittedVersion)
- RWTH Publications (RWTH Aachen) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Guarantors of Brain
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Medical Research Council
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- posterior parietal cortex, task switching, verbal fluency, attentional shift, executive function, anterior cingulate cortex, cerebellar vermis, frontal operculum, frontal cortex, neuropsychological assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attention, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Parietal Lobe, Patient Compliance, Speech, Stereotaxic Techniques, Verbal Learning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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