Combined effects of scanning ultrasound and a tau-specific single chain antibody in a tau transgenic mouse model
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease is characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β as extracellular plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau as intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Tau pathology characterizes not only Alzheimer's disease, but also many other tauopathies, presenting tau as an attractive therapeutic target. Passive tau immunotherapy has been previously explored; however, because only a small fraction of peripherally delivered antibodies crosses the blood-brain barrier, enters the brain and engages with tau that forms intracellular aggregates, more efficient ways of antibody delivery and neuronal uptake are warranted. In the brain, tau exists as multiple isoforms. Here, we investigated the efficacy of a novel 2N tau isoform-specific single chain antibody fragment, RN2N, delivered by passive immunization in the P301L human tau transgenic pR5 mouse model. We demonstrate that, in treated mice, RN2N reduces anxiety-like behaviour and phosphorylation of tau at distinct sites. When administration of RN2N was combined with focused ultrasound in a scanning mode (scanning ultrasound), RN2N delivery into the brain and uptake by neurons were markedly increased, and efficacy was significantly enhanced. Our study provides evidence that scanning ultrasound is a viable tool to enhance the delivery of biologics across the blood-brain barrier and improve therapeutic outcomes and further presents single-chain antibodies as an alternative to full-length antibodies.
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Antibody fragments have been shown to reduce tau levels in vivo.
“Moreover, antibody fragments have been shown to reduce tau levels in vivo225,226.”
From Tau-targeting therapies for Alzheimer disease (2018) · cites this paper as [225]
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Pineda‐Pardo, J. A., Gasca‐Salas, C., Fernández‐Rodríguez, B., Rodríguez‐Rojas, R., del Álamo, M., Obeso, I., Hernández‐Fernández, F., Trompeta, C., Martínez‐Fernández, R., Matarazzo, M., et al. (2022) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.29134 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
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Focused Ultrasound Combined with Microbubbles in Central Nervous System Applications
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Tau Immunotherapies for Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Tauopathies: Progress and Potential Pitfalls
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Protection of MCC950 against Alzheimer's disease via inhibiting neuronal pyroptosis in SAMP8 mice
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Safety and Efficacy of Scanning Ultrasound Treatment of Aged APP23 Mice
Leinenga, G., & Götz, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00055 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“…of the transient opening of the BBB. Interestingly, we found that tau pathology (being mostly intraneuronal) could also be partially cleared with this approach as shown in the pR5 transgenic mouse model of tauopathy which accumulates hyperphosphorylated tau in neurons (Nisbet et al., 2017).”
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“In the SUS mode, a motorized positioning system moves the focus of the transducer array in a grid such that the ultrasound is delivered sequentially to the entire brain [3, 4].”
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Sousa, J. A., Bernardes, C., Bernardo-Castro, S., Lino, M. M., Albino, I., Ferreira, L., Brás, J., Guerreiro, R. J., Tábuas‐Pereira, M., Baldeiras, I., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2023.1102809 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Current and emerging brain applications of MR-guided focused ultrasound
Meng, Y., Suppiah, S., Mithani, K., Solomon, B., Schwartz, M. L., & Lipsman, N. (2017) · Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound · doi:10.1186/s40349-017-0105-z · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“More recently, the same group demonstrated ultrasound delivered RN2N, an antibody to tau, reduced phosphorylated tau levels in a transgenic TauP301L mouse [85].”
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Blood–brain barrier opening with focused ultrasound in experimental models of Parkinson's disease
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“On the other hand, FUS enhanced antibody delivery, increasing the clearance of proteins.(61) Subsequently to these experiments, BBB opening with FUS was started in 5 AD patients with early to moderate AD in a phase I safety trial.”
BackgroundMethodCurrent and Emerging Strategies for Enhancing Antibody Delivery to the Brain
Bajracharya, R., Caruso, A. C., Vella, L. J., & Nisbet, R. M. (2021) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13122014 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationEfficacy of gene delivery to the brain using AAV and ultrasound depends on serotypes and brain areas
Kofoed, R. H., Dibia, C. L., Noseworthy, K., Xhima, K., Vacaresse, N., Hynynen, K., & Aubert, I. (2022) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.048 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
ImmunoPET-informed sequence for focused ultrasound-targeted mCD47 blockade controls glioma
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“SUS equipped with a motorized positioning system can move the transducer in small increments to cover large anatomic regions and is often used for whole brain drug delivery [7, 33].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialJones, R. M., & Hynynen, K. (2018) · British Journal of Radiology · doi:10.1259/bjr.20180601 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ultrasonic technologies in imaging and drug delivery
Ho, Y.-J., Huang, C., Fan, C., Liu, H., & Yeh, C. (2021) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-021-03904-9 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The blood-brain barrier, a key bridge to treat neurodegenerative diseases
Hang, Z., Zhou, L., Xing, C., Wen, Y., & Du, H. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.102070 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Blackmore, D. G., Turpin, F. R., Mohamed, A. Z., Zong, F., Pandit, R., Pelekanos, M., Nasrallah, F. A., Sah, P., Bartlett, P. F., & Götz, J. (2018) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.27941 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Ultrasound-mediated BBB opening (termed obicodilation by us [1]) has proven effective and safe in removing toxic protein aggregates in a range of Alzheimer's mouse models, either on its own [15,18-21], or in combination with a therapeutic”
InfluentialSelf-citationRapid and Effective Generation of Nanobody Based CARs using PCR and Gibson Assembly
Munter, S. D., Parys, A. V., Bral, L., Ingels, J., Goetgeluk, G., Bonte, S., Pille, M., Billiet, L., Weening, K., Verhee, A., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21030883 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“aggregate on the T cell surface and therefore not induce premature T cell activation and exhaustion [19]; (ii) will not lose affinity, a possible and known side effect in the design of scFvs [14,15].”
BackgroundRen, W., Xu, Y., Huang, Z., Li, Y., Tu, Z., Zou, L., He, Q., Fu, J., Liu, S., & Hammock, B. D. (2020) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126546 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Exosomes and ultrasound: The future of theranostic applications
Sridharan, B., & Lim, H. G. (2023) · Materials Today Bio · doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100556 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Focused ultrasound mitigates pathology and improves spatial memory in Alzheimer's mice and patients
Karakatsani, M. E., Ji, R., Murillo, M. F., Kugelman, T., Kwon, N., Lao, Y., Liu, K., Pouliopoulos, A. N., Honig, L. S., Duff, K., et al. (2023) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.79898 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Focused ultrasound in Parkinson's disease: A twofold path toward disease modification
Foffani, G., Trigo-Damas, I., Pineda-Pardo, J., Blesa, J., Rodríguez-Rojas, R., Martínez-Fernández, R., & Obeso, J. (2019) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.27805 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Annadurai, N., Sanctis, J. B. D., Hajdúch, M., & Das, V. (2021) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113756 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Wasielewska, J. M., Chaves, J. C. S., Johnston, R. L., Milton, L. A., Hernández, D., Chen, L., Song, J. H., Lee, W., Leinenga, G., Nisbet, R. M., et al. (2022) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.72685 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, L., Sutharsan, R., Lee, J. L., Cruz, E., Asnicar, B., Palliyaguru, T., Wasielewska, J. M., Gaudin, A., Song, J. H., Leinenga, G., et al. (2022) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.65539 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“[44, 45], chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin or methotrexate [46, 47], antibodies in various formats [48-51], and as viral vectors for gene therapy [52].”
BackgroundSelf-citationFocused ultrasound gene delivery for the treatment of neurological disorders
Kofoed, R. H., & Aubert, I. (2024) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2023.12.006 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Liu, N., Liang, X., Chen, Y., & Xie, L. (2024) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2024.102199 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
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“The most common pathological feature in the brain of AD patients is the accumulation of amyloid Aβ plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated p-Tau protein [3,4].”
BackgroundAdeno‐associated virus‐based Alzheimer's disease mouse models and potential new therapeutic avenues
Ittner, L. M., Klugmann, M., & Ke, Y. D. (2019) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.14637 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“…intracellular Aβ when delivered via rAAV2 into the brains of 2‐month‐old 3xTgAD mice, significantly reducing both Aβ and Tau pathology burden (Sudol et al., 2009). scFvs targeting Tau protein have also shown efficacy in preventing neuropathology and deficits in pR5 mice (Nisbet et al., 2017).”
BackgroundThe Blood-Brain Barrier in Alzheimer’s Disease
Storck, S. E., Hartz, A. M. S., & Pietrzik, C. U. (2020) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/164_2020_418 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Leinenga, G., Koh, W. K., & Götz, J. (2019) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.08.002 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, L., Cruz, E., Oikari, L. E., Padmanabhan, P., Song, J. H., & Götz, J. (2022) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2022.114517 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationNovel models for Parkinson’s disease and their impact on future drug discovery
Trigo‐Damas, I., del Rey, N. L., & Blesa, J. (2018) · Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery · doi:10.1080/17460441.2018.1428556 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Several attempts have been made to specifically target AD pathology with ultrasound, either to deliver an Aβ-specific antibody [105] to or just scanning over the skull to open the BBB throughout the brain [106], resulting in a reduction in plaque burden and monomeric and oligomeric Aβ species.”
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Focused ultrasound and Alzheimer’s disease A systematic review
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Spencer, B. J., Brüschweiler, S., Sealey‐Cardona, M., Rockenstein, E. M., Adame, A., Florio, J. B., Mante, M., Trinh, I., Rissman, R. A., Konrat, R., et al. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1869-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“While other investigators have developed svFvs against the 2 N Tau splice variant [60], p-Tau [49] or the GSK3ß phosphorylation region at the N-terminus of Tau [38], we specifically targeted the 3-repeat Tau.”
Clinical relevance of animal models in aging-related dementia research
Padmanabhan, P., & Götz, J. (2023) · Nature Aging · doi:10.1038/s43587-023-00402-4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationMR-guided focused ultrasound in movement disorders and beyond: Lessons learned and new frontiers.
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Scanning ultrasound-mediated memory and functional improvements do not require amyloid-β reduction
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“Here, we explored two frequencies: We used 1 MHz (in the following, we term this SUS only paradigm HighF), a frequency routinely used in mice for the purpose of BBB opening [8, 15] and via intracranially implanted transducers in AD patients [13].”
InfluentialSelf-citationUltrasound-Mediated Diagnosis and Therapy based on Ultrasound Contrast Agents
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Self-citationNeuronally expressed anti-tau scFv prevents tauopathy-induced phenotypes in Drosophila models
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“SUS-enhanced delivery method increased the amount of antibody delivered to the brain and neurons (Nisbet et al. 2017).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialBok, J., Ha, J., Ahn, B. J., & Jang, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24010679 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nisbet, R. M., Van der Jeugd, A., Leinenga, G., Evans, H. T., Janowicz, P. W., & Götz, J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Campus, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Corresponding author
- Götz, Jürgen
- Venue
- Brain
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2017-04-04
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1220-1230
- ISSN
- 0006-8950 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2156
- PMC
- PMC5405237
- OpenAlex
- W2605011026
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 15.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Brain (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- estate of Dr Clem Jones AO
- State Government of Queensland
- Federal Government of Australia (ACT900116)
- The Brain Foundation
- Australian Research Council (DP13300101932)
- National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (APP1037746, APP1003150)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Ultrasound and Hyperthermia Applications
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Keywords
- tau pathology, Alzheimer's disease, single-chain antibody, passive immunotherapy, blood-brain barrier, tau phosphorylation, anxiety-like behavior, tau immunotherapy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Brain, Combined Modality Therapy, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Immunization, Passive, Mice, Transgenic, Neurons, Phosphorylation, Ultrasonic Therapy, tau Proteins, Maze Learning, Protein Isoforms, Tauopathies, Mice
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