Basal-ganglia 'Projections' to the Prefrontal Cortex of the Primate
Abstract
We used retrograde transneuronal transport of the McIntyre-B strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 to examine the extent and organization of basal-ganglia-thalamocortical projections to five regions of prefrontal cortex in the cebus monkey (Cebus apella): medial and lateral area 9 (9m and 9l), dorsal and ventral area 46 (46d and 46v) and lateral area 12 (12l). All of these prefrontal areas were found to be targets of basal-ganglia output that originated in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) and/or the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra (SNpr). Approximately one-third of the total volume of these nuclei was directed toward prefrontal cortex, a volume comparable to that directed at the cortical motor areas. The origins of the outputs to different prefrontal areas were topographically organized. Different portions of SNpr (the rostral and caudal thirds) projected to areas 9m and 12l. Similarly, different output nuclei (GPi and SNpr) projected to adjacent portions of the same cytoarchitectonic field (46d and 46v). Furthermore, the outputs to prefrontal areas were segregated from those to motor areas of cortex. Thus, basal-ganglia outputs to prefrontal cortex are both extensive and topographically organized, forming a rich anatomical substrate for basal-ganglia influences on the cognitive operations of the frontal lobe.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
These patterns of size-independently co-evolving brain structures correspond to brain systems that have been described in electrophysiological and anatomical tract-tracing studies in non-human primates and MRI studies in humans.
“These patterns of size-independently co-evolving brain structures correspond to brain systems that have been described in electrophysiological and anatomical tract-tracing studies in non-human primates [27–31] and MRI studies in humans [32–35]”
From Brain reorganization, not relative brain size, primarily characterizes anthropoid brain evolution (2013) · cites this paper as [27]
Cites
Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex
Alexander, G. E., DeLong, M. R., & Strick, P. L. (1986) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041 · Cited by 8,527 · see citing works
Mnemonic coding of visual space in the monkey's dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Funahashi, S., Bruce, C. J., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1989) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1989.61.2.331 · Cited by 2,685 · see citing works
Frontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior
Cummings, J. L. (1993) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540080076020 · Cited by 2,262 · see citing works
Fuster, J. M. (1997) · Cited by 2,095 · see citing works
Circuitry of Primate Prefrontal Cortex and Regulation of Behavior by Representational Memory
Goldman‐Rakic, P. S. (1987) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp010509 · Cited by 1,960 · see citing works
Basal ganglia and cerebellar loops: motor and cognitive circuits
Middleton, F. (2000) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0165-0173(99)00040-5 · Cited by 1,940 · see citing works
Self-citationAnatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function
Middleton, F. A., & Strick, P. L. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7939688 · Cited by 1,356 · see citing works
Self-citationThe behavioural and motor consequences of focal lesions of the basal ganglia in man.
Bhatia, K., & Marsden, C. (1994) · Brain : a journal of neurology · doi:10.1093/brain/117.4.859 · Cited by 1,137 · see citing works
Cerebellar Projections to the Prefrontal Cortex of the Primate
Middleton, F. A., & Strick, P. L. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-02-00700.2001 · Cited by 1,034 · see citing works
Self-citationArchitecture and intrinsic connections of the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey
Barbas, H., & Pandya, D. Ν. (1989) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902860306 · Cited by 937 · see citing works
A cytoarchitectural study of the prefrontal area of the macaque monkey
Walker, A. E. (1940) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.900730106 · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Activity of pallidal neurons during movement.
DeLong, M. R. (1971) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1971.34.3.414 · Cited by 730 · see citing works
The primate mediodorsal (MD) nucleus and its projection to the frontal lobe
Goldman‐Rakic, P. S., & Porrino, L. J. (1985) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902420406 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Anatomy of motor learning. I. Frontal cortex and attention to action
Jueptner, M., Stephan, K. M., Frith, C. D., Brooks, D. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Passingham, R. E. (1997) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.3.1313 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
Multiple Output Channels in the Basal Ganglia
Hoover, J. E., & Strick, P. L. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7679223 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
Heindel, W. C., Salmon, D., Shults, C., Walicke, P. A., & Butters, N. (1989) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-02-00582.1989 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Hikosaka, O., & Wurtz, R. H. (1983) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1983.49.5.1230 · Cited by 524 · see citing works
Neuropsychiatric aspects of Huntington’s disease.
Paulsen, J. S. (2001) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.71.3.310 · Cited by 486 · see citing works
Hoover, J. E., & Strick, P. L. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-04-01446.1999 · Cited by 469 · see citing works
Anatomy of Motor Learning. II. Subcortical Structures and Learning by Trial and Error
Jueptner, M., Frith, C., Brooks, D. J., Frackowiak, R. S. J., & Passingham, R. E. (1997) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1997.77.3.1325 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Petrides, M. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-01-00359.1995 · Cited by 464 · see citing works
Planning and spatial working memory: A positron emission tomography study in humans
Owen, A. M., Doyon, J., Petrides, M., & Evans, A. C. (1996) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1996.tb01219.x · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Organization of the nigrothalamocortical system in the rhesus monkey
Ilinsky, I. A., Jouandet, M. L., & Goldman‐Rakic, P. S. (1985) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902360304 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Rosene, D. L., Roy, N. J., & Davis, B. J. (1986) · Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry · doi:10.1177/34.10.3745909 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Executive and mnemonic functions in early Huntington's disease
Lawrence, A. D., Sahakian, B. J., Hodges, J. R., Rosser, A., Lange, K. W., & Robbins, T. W. (1996) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/119.5.1633 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
The connexions of the striatum and globus pallidus: synthesis and speculation
Kemp, J. M., & Powell, T. P. S. (1971) · Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1971.0106 · Cited by 385 · see citing works
Parthasarathy, H. B., Schall, J. D., & Graybiel, A. M. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-11-04468.1992 · Cited by 353 · see citing works
Lynch, J. C., Hoover, J. E., & Strick, P. L. (1994) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00227293 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
The temporal lobe is a target of output from the basal ganglia.
Middleton, F. A., & Strick, P. L. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.16.8683 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Self-citationOwen, A. M. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.5.949 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Diverse thalamic projections to the prefrontal cortex in the rhesus monkey
Barbas, H., Henion, T. H. H., & Dermon, C. R. (1991) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903130106 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Basal ganglia motor control. I. Nonexclusive relation of pallidal discharge to five movement modes
Mink, J. W., & Thach, W. T. (1991) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1991.65.2.273 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Relations between movement and single cell discharge in the substantia nigra of the behaving monkey
DeLong, M., Crutcher, M., & Georgopoulos, A. (1983) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.03-08-01599.1983 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Organization of striatopallidal, striatonigral, and nigrostriatal projections in the macaque
Hedreen, J. C., & Delong, M. R. (1991) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903040406 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Butters, N., Sax, D. S., Montgomery, K., et al. (1978) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1978.00500330033006 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Zemanick, M. C., Strick, P. L., & Dix, R. D. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.18.8048 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
Brain volume estimation from serial section measurements: a comparison of methodologies
Rosen, G. D., & Harry, J. D. (1990) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/0165-0270(90)90101-k · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Takada, M., Tokuno, H., Nambu, A., & Inase, M. (1998) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s002210050384 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Parent, A., & Bellefeuille, L. D. (1982) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90802-2 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Anderson, M. E., & Horak, F. B. (1985) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.433 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Beckstead, R. M., & Frankfurter, A. J. (1982) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(82)90202-0 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Schultz, W. (1986) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1986.55.4.660 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Funahashi, S., Inoue, M., & Kubota, K. (1997) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(96)00151-9 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Yoshida, S., Nambu, A., & Jinnai, K. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91791-p · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Tian, J., & Lynch, J. C. (1996) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2740 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Effects of caudate nucleus stimulation on substantia nigra cell activity in monkey
Hikosaka, O., Sakamoto, M., & Miyashita, N. (1993) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00227139 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Contralateral thalamic projections predominantly reach transitional cortices in the rhesus monkey
Dermon, C. R., & Barbas, H. (1994) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903440403 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Golgi-like, transneuronal retrograde labelling with CNS injections of herpes simplex virus type
McLean, J. H., Shipley, M. T., & Bernstein, D. I. (1989) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/0361-9230(89)90032-4 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Delay-related activity in the primate prefrontal cortex during sequential reaching tasks with delay
Funahashi, S., Inoue, M., & Kubota, K. (1993) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/0168-0102(93)90019-m · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Posteroventral Pallidotomy for Parkinson's Disease
Bakay, R. A. E., Mr, D., & Vitek, J. L. (1992) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1992.77.3.0487 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Fran�ois, C., Yelnik, J., Percheron, G., & F�nelon, G. (1994) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00227517 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
New concepts about the organization of basal ganglia output.
Middleton, F. A., & Strick, P. L. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Self-citationMotor Disorder in Psychiatry: Towards a Neurological Psychiatry
Rogers, D. M. (1993) · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Contextual Modulation of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons
Handel, A., & Glimcher, P. W. (2000) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2000.83.5.3042 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Impaired perception of facial identity and facial affect in Huntington's disease
Jacobs, D. H., Shuren, J. E., & Heilman, K. M. (1995) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.45.6.1217 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Tian, J., & Lynch, J. C. (1995) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1995.74.5.2204 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
FGF plays a subtle role in oligodendrocyte maintenance in vivo
Harari, D., Finkelstein, D., & Bernard, O. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4547(19970815)49:4 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The organization of the human cerebellum estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity
Buckner, R. L., Krienen, F. M., Castellanos, A., Diaz, J. C., & Yeo, B. T. T. (2011) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00339.2011 · Cited by 7,304 · see citing works
Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006 · Cited by 3,568 · see citing works
The primate basal ganglia: Parallel and integrative networks
Haber, S. N. (2003) · Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy · doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2003.10.003 · Cited by 1,479 · see citing works
“…cortex in a series of functional modules that maintain a relative consistent anatomical and physiological organization, leading to the concept of parallel processing of cortical information through segregated BG circuits (Heimer et al., 1982; Alexander et al., 1986; Middleton and Strick, 2002).”
BackgroundApathy and the Functional Anatomy of the Prefrontal Cortex–Basal Ganglia Circuits
Levy, R., & Dubois, B. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj043 · Cited by 1,285 · see citing works
“…between these structures has been repeatedly demonstrated in the monkey from the first studies of Kemp and Powell (1970) using fiber degeneration techniques to the most recent and sophisticated techniques of pathway labeling using viral polysynaptic retrograde tracers (Middleton and Strick, 2002).”
BackgroundMethodFunctional connectivity of human striatum: a resting state FMRI study
Di Martino, A., Scheres, A., Margulies, D. S., Kelly, A. M. C., Uddin, L. Q., Shehzad, Z., Biswal, B., Walters, J. R., Castellanos, F. X., & Milham, M. P. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn041 · Cited by 1,090 · see citing works
Do rats have a prefrontal cortex?
Uylings, H. B. M., Groenewegen, H. J., & Kolb, B. (2003) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2003.09.028 · Cited by 1,013 · see citing works
Understanding dopamine and reinforcement learning: the dopamine reward prediction error hypothesis
Glimcher, P. W. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1014269108 · Cited by 955 · see citing works
“The outputs of the dopamine-innervated frontal cortices, however, also share another commonality; many of the major longdistance outputs of the frontal cortex pass in a topographic manner to the two main input nuclei of the basal ganglia complex, the caudate and the putamen (17).”
BackgroundDevelopment of large-scale functional brain networks in children
Supekar, K., Musen, M., & Menon, V. (2009) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000157 · Cited by 807 · see citing works
“Neurophysiological models and anatomical tracing studies have provided evidence for parallel motor, limbic, and prefrontal cortico-basal-ganglia loops [64,65], which funnel large-scale cortical activity into behaviorally relevant motor output.”
BackgroundVertes, R. P. (2006) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.06.027 · Cited by 811 · see citing works
The organization of the human striatum estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity
Choi, E. Y., Yeo, B. T. T., & Buckner, R. L. (2012) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00270.2012 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Different time courses of learning-related activity in the prefrontal cortex and striatum.
Pasupathy, A., & Miller, E. K. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03287 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
“Their anatomy also suggests a close relationship—the PFC and basal ganglia are interconnected in cortico-basal ganglionic ‘loops&rsquo”
BackgroundHold your horses: a dynamic computational role for the subthalamic nucleus in decision making
Frank, M. J. (2006) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2006.03.006 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
“…responses by modulating frontal motor activity, and the parallel circuits linking the BG with more frontal cognitive areas (Alexander et al., 1986; Middleton & Strick, 2000, 2002), it is natural to extend this action selection functionality to include higher-level cognitive decisions (Frank,…”
The cortico-basal ganglia integrative network: The role of the thalamus
Haber, S. N., & Calzavara, R. (2008) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.09.013 · Cited by 721 · see citing works
Hierarchically organized behavior and its neural foundations: A reinforcement learning perspective
Botvinick, M. M., Niv, Y., & Barto, A. G. (2009) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2008.08.011 · Cited by 646 · see citing works
“It is also consistent with the fact that the DLS projects heavily, via thalamic relays, to all of the frontal regions linked above with a role in representing options (Alexander et al., 1986; Middleton & Strick, 2002).”
Leckman, J. F. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11526-1 · Cited by 683 · see citing works
NIGG, J. T., & CASEY, B. J. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050376 · Cited by 593 · see citing works
“The frontostriatal ~i.e., basal ganglia thalamocortical! circuit is well described ~Figure 1!, and at least five different loops are identified ~Alexander, Crutcher, & DeLong, 1991; Middleton & Strick, 2002!.”
BackgroundFine motor skills and early comprehension of the world: two new school readiness indicators.
Grissmer, D., Grimm, K. J., Aiyer, S. M., Murrah, W. M., & Steele, J. S. (2010) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0020104 · Cited by 585 · see citing works
A fronto–striato–subthalamic–pallidal network for goal-directed and habitual inhibition
Jahanshahi, M., Obeso, I., Rothwell, J. C., & Obeso, J. A. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn4038 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
White matter development in adolescence: A DTI study
Asato, M. R., Terwilliger, R., Woo, J., & Luna, B. (2010) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp282 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
The Neural Basis of the Psychomotor Vigilance Task
Drummond, S. P. A., Bischoff‐Grethe, A., Dinges, D. F., Ayalon, L., Mednick, S. C., & Meloy, M. J. (2005) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.9.1059 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
Category Learning in the Brain
Seger, C. A., & Miller, E. K. (2010) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135546 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
“The frontal cortex receives the largest portion of BG outputs, suggesting some form of close collaboration between these structures (Middleton and Strick, 1994, 2002).”
Resting oscillatory cortico-subthalamic connectivity in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Vladimir Litvak, A., Jha, A., Eusébio, A., Oostenveld, R., Foltynie, T., Limousin, P. D., Zrinzo, L. U., Hariz, M. I., Friston, K. J., & Brown, P. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq332 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
“…from humans and non-human primates, which have shown that the basal ganglia project to the frontal and prefrontal cortex (Alexander et al., 1986; Middleton and Strick, 2002; Lehericy et al., 2004; Akkal et al., 2007; Draganski et al., 2008), temporoparietal regions (Alexander et al., 1986;…”
BackgroundAkkal, D., Dum, R. P., & Strick, P. L. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3134-07.2007 · Cited by 437 · see citing works
“ment of labeled neurons is quite unlike the more homogeneous distribution of labeled neurons in GPi seen after virus injections into M1 or into areas of prefrontal cortex (Hoover and Strick, 1999; Middleton and Strick, 2002).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDistinct Neural Substrates of Duration-Based and Beat-Based Auditory Timing
Teki, S., Grube, M., Kumar, S., & Griffiths, T. D. (2011) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5561-10.2011 · Cited by 431 · see citing works
“The DLPFC receives inputs from both the dentate nucleus of the cerebellum (Middleton and Strick, 2001) and the basal ganglia (Middleton and Strick, 2002).”
BackgroundInformation processing, dimensionality reduction and reinforcement learning in the basal ganglia
Bar‐Gad, I., Morris, G., & Bergman, H. (2003) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2003.12.001 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
“Thus, different frontal cortical areas project most densely to distinct striatal regions (input channels) and each of these cortical areas is influenced by projection from distinct GPi regions (output channels) (Hoover and Strick, 1993; Middleton and Strick, 2002).”
BackgroundThe brain on art: intense aesthetic experience activates the default mode network
Vessel, E. A., Starr, G. G., & Rubin, N. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00066 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
“…pattern, along with the detection of a related response pattern in the mdThal, is in accord with the established existence of corticostriato-pallado-thalamic loops (Alexander et al., 1986; Steriade and Llinás, 1988; Alexander and Crutcher, 1990; Middleton and Strick, 2002; Kelly and Strick, 2004).”
ResultThe Cerebellum and Basal Ganglia are Interconnected
Bostan, A. C., & Strick, P. L. (2010) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-010-9143-9 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Shulman, G. L., Astafiev, S. V., Franke, D., Pope, D. L. W., Snyder, A. Z., McAvoy, M. P., & Corbetta, M. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5609-08.2009 · Cited by 360 · see citing works
“Animal studies have divided basal ganglia into motor, associative, and limbic divisions (Alexander et al., 1986; Parent and Hazrati, 1995; Middleton and Strick, 2002).”
BackgroundNetwork modulation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease
Asanuma, K. (2006) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awl162 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
“This effect may be mediated via the mediodorsal thalamus or through antidromic modulation of prefrontal-STN pathways (Maurice et al., 1998; Middleton and Strick, 2002; cf. Chudasama et al., 2003).”
BackgroundThe mouse cortico–basal ganglia–thalamic network
Foster, N. N., Barry, J., Korobkova, L., Garcia, L., Gao, L., Becerra, M., Sherafat, Y., Peng, B., Li, X., Choi, J.-H., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03993-3 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Oscillations in the basal ganglia under normal conditions and in movement disorders
Gatev, P., Darbin, O., & Wichmann, T. (2006) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21033 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Deficits in saccadic eye-movement control in Parkinson's disease
Chan, F., Armstrong, I. T., Pari, G., Riopelle, R. J., & Munoz, D. P. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.026 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
François, C. (2004) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awh239 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
“These regions contain neurons which are known to project via the thalamus back to the associative prefrontal cortex as well as to the supplementary and pre-supplementary motor cortex (Middleton and Strick, 2000, 2002).”
BackgroundSinzig, J., Morsch, D., Bruning, N., Schmidt, M. H., & Lehmkuhl, G. (2008) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/1753-2000-2-4 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Chang, Y.-K., Liu, S., Yu, H.-H., & Lee, Y.-H. (2012) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acr094 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Poletti, M., Enrici, I., & Adenzato, M. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.07.004 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease: The MPTP Primate Model of the Human Disorder
Wichmann, T., & DeLong, M. R. (2003) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07477.x · Cited by 255 · see citing works
The basal ganglia: An overview of circuits and function
Utter, A. A., & Basso, M. A. (2007) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.11.003 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Executive Function, Neural Circuitry, and Genetic Mechanisms in Schizophrenia
Eisenberg, D., & Berman, K. (2009) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.111 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
“This is in accord with the anatomy of basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical tracts, which features significant innervation of the above-discussed prefrontal regions (Middleton and Strick, 2002), and with the working memory deficits that arise from anterior neostriatal lesions in nonhuman primates, which can be remarkably sim…”
BackgroundResultFan, J., Kolster, R., Ghajar, J., Suh, M., Knight, R. T., Sarkar, R., & McCandliss, B. D. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3470-06.2007 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
“, 1999) and basal ganglia (Pasupathy and Miller, 2005), which are interconnected in corticobasal ganglionic loops (Middleton and Strick, 2002), have been implicated in volitional action, consistent with their activation during the period after a ready cue as opposed to a relax cue.”
BackgroundBasal Ganglia and Cerebellar Inputs to ‘AIP’
Clower, D. M., Dum, R. P., & Strick, P. L. (2004) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhh190 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
“This portion of SNpr also contains some neurons that project to regions of prefrontal cortex (Middleton and Strick, 2002).”
BackgroundVaillancourt, D. E., Thulborn, K. R., & Corcos, D. M. (2003) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00394.2003 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Becker, D. R., Miao, A., Duncan, R. J., & McClelland, M. M. (2014) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2014.04.014 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
“That is, there are anatomical connections between cerebellar and prefrontal cortices (Middleton & Strick, 2002), and evidence showing the cerebellum is active during EF tasks (Strick et al., 2009).”
BackgroundStriatocortical pathway dysfunction in addiction and obesity: differences and similarities
Tomasi, D. G., & Volkow, N. D. (2012) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.3109/10409238.2012.735642 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Kelly, R. M., & Strick, P. L. (2004) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(03)43042-2 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
A Unified Model of Time Perception Accounts for Duration-Based and Beat-Based Timing Mechanisms
Teki, S., Grube, M., & Griffiths, T. D. (2012) · Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnint.2011.00090 · Cited by 229 · see citing works
“Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience www.frontiersin.org January 2012 | Volume 5 | Article 90 | 4”
Working memory, attention, and salience in active inference
Parr, T., & Friston, K. J. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-15249-0 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
“However basal ganglia outputs also target sensory 62 and prefrontal 63 regions.”
BackgroundThe maturation of incentive processing and cognitive control
Geier, C., & Luna, B. (2009) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2009.01.021 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
“The inter-connectivity of these brain regions has been well characterized (Alexander et al., 1986; Middleton and Strick, 1994; Middleton and Strick, 2000; Middleton and Strick, 2002; Carmichael and Price, 1995; Haber et al., 1995; Haber et al., 2000; Groenewegen et al., 1997).”
BackgroundDopamine depletion impairs frontostriatal functional connectivity during a set-shifting task
Nagano-Saito, A., Leyton, M., Monchi, O., Goldberg, Y. K., He, Y., & Dagher, A. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3921-07.2008 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
“The striatum receives abundant projections from the frontal lobe (Alexander et al., 1986; Middleton and Strick, 2000, 2002).”
BackgroundBirdbrains could teach basal ganglia research a new song
DOUPE, A., PERKEL, D., REINER, A., & STERN, E. (2005) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.05.005 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Selective dysfunction of basal ganglia subterritories: From movement to behavioral disorders
Tremblay, L., Worbe, Y., Thobois, S., Sgambato, V., & Féger, J. (2015) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.26199 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Doyle, A., Faraone, S., Seidman, L. J., Willcutt, E., Nigg, J., Waldman, I., Pennington, B. F., Peart, J., & Biederman, J. (2005) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2005.01476.x · Cited by 195 · see citing works
“Such areas have a high concentration of dopamine transporters (Anderson, Polcari, Lowen, Renshaw, & Teicher, 2002) and are connected to cortical loops that include the prefrontal cortex via the pons and other midbrain structures (Middleton & Strick, 2002).”
White matter structures associated with creativity: Evidence from diffusion tensor imaging
Takeuchi, H., Taki, Y., Sassa, Y., Hashizume, H., Sekiguchi, A., Fukushima, A., & Kawashima, R. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.035 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
“The striatum receives abundant projections from the frontal lobe (Alexander et al., 1986; Middleton and Strick, 2000, 2002) and the dopaminergic system plays a role in the regulation of this corticostriatal (and thalamocortical) loop.”
BackgroundCauda, F., Cavanna, A. E., D’Agata, F., Sacco, K., Duca, S., & Geminiani, G. C. (2011) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2011.21624 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“…of NAcc connectivity is mainly based on experimental studies using tractographic techniques in animals (Haber, Kim, Mailly, & Calzavara, 2006; Middleton & Strick, 1994, 2002; Ferry, Ongur, An, & Price, 2000; Haber, Fudge, &McFarland, 2000; Cavada &Goldman-Rakic, 1991; Selemon&GoldmanRakic,…”
The Functional Neuroanatomy of Temporal Discrimination
Pastor, M. A., Day, B. L., Macaluso, E., Friston, K. J., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (2004) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4210-03.2004 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
“The latter are especially relevant, because they exert their effects on most components of the basal ganglia and their output centers (Smith et al., 1990; Parent and Hazrati, 1995; Middleton and Strick, 2002).”
BackgroundPalesi, F., Tournier, J., Calamante, F., Muhlert, N., Castellazzi, G., Chard, D., D'Angelo, E. U., & Wheeler‐Kingshott, C. A. M. G. (2014) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-014-0861-2 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
“An additional observation is the presence of a conspicuous number of streamlines connecting the cerebellum to the basal ganglia via the RN and the thalamus (Middleton and Strick 2002).”
BackgroundMoran, A., Bergman, H., Israel, Z. H., & Bar‐Gad, I. (2008) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awn270 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Proactive inhibitory control of movement assessed by event-related fMRI
Jaffard, M., Longcamp, M., Velay, J., Anton, J., Roth, M., Nazarian, B., & Boulinguez, P. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.05.041 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
“It is likely that the basal ganglia–thalamocortical circuitry mediates this coupling (Alexander and Crutcher, 1990; Middleton and Strick, 2002; Mink, 1996).”
Dopamine modulation in the basal ganglia locks the gate to working memory
Gruber, A. J., Dayan, P., Gutkin, B. S., & Solla, S. A. (2006) · Journal of Computational Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s10827-005-5705-x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
“One possible route for this influence (Frank et al., 2001; Djurfeldt et al., 2001) is the prominent projections from ventral striatum to medial dorsal thalamus/PFC (Haber, 2003; Middleton and Strick, 2002; Groenewegen et al., 1997).”
BackgroundThe pars reticulata of the substantia nigra: a window to basal ganglia output
Deniau, J., Mailly, P., Maurice, N., & Charpier, S. (2007) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)60009-5 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
The primate working memory networks
Constantinidis, C., & Procyk, E. (2004) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/cabn.4.4.444 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
“The most recent reviews on prefrontal functions underline the importance of these facts (Duncan & Owen, 2000; Miller & Cohen, 2001; Paus, 2001).”
BackgroundHelms, G., Draganski, B., Frackowiak, R. S. J., Ashburner, J., & Weiskopf, N. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.053 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
“The basal ganglia receive projections from almost the entire cortex and channel output via thalamic relays (for a review see Graybiel, 1995; Haber, 2003; Middleton and Strick, 2002; © 2009 Elsevier Inc.”
Cortico-cortical networks and cortico-subcortical loops for the higher control of eye movements
Lynch, J. C., & Tian, J. (2005) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(05)51015-x · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Is Broca's Area Part of a Basal Ganglia Thalamocortical Circuit?
Ullman, M. T. (2006) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70382-4 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and automatic behaviour to reach rewards
Kim, H. F., & Hikosaka, O. (2015) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awv134 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
“However, anatomical studies have suggested that each of these areas (e.g. SNr) receives topographically organized inputs from the striatum (François et al., 1994) and likewise sends topographic outputs (Parent, 1990; Hoover and Strick, 1999; Middleton and Strick, 2002).”
BackgroundExecutive control and dimensions of problem behaviors in preschool children
Espy, K. A., Sheffield, T. D., Wiebe, S. A., Clark, C. A. C., & Moehr, M. J. (2010) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02265.x · Cited by 179 · see citing works
“…2002; Leerkes et al., 2008), b) the neuroanatomical patterns of prefrontal connectivity as the nexus of the limbic and attention systems (e.g., Middleton & Strick, 2002; Pandya & Yeterian, 1996), c) the emerging evidence of interactions among executive and emotional task demands (e.g., Zelazo…”
Calzavara, R., Mailly, P., & Haber, S. N. (2007) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05825.x · Cited by 170 · see citing works
“The topographic organization of corticostriatal projections is, in general, considered to be related to different functional domains of the cortex (Middleton & Strick, 2002).”
BackgroundBack to front: cerebellar connections and interactions with the prefrontal cortex
Watson, T. C., Becker, N., Apps, R., & Jones, M. W. (2014) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2014.00004 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Kashani, A., Lepicard, E. M., Poirel, O., Videau, C., David, J. P., Fallet‐Bianco, C., Simon, A., Delacourte, A., Bruno Giros, A., Epelbaum, J., et al. (2007) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2007.04.010 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“The prefrontal cortex (A9) is the target of massive intra-and subcortical afferents from almost all sensory modalities, motor cortex and thalamus (Middleton and Strick, 2002; Petrides and Pandya, 1999).”
BackgroundTemporal dynamics of basal ganglia response and connectivity during verbal working memory
Chang, C. E., Crottaz‐Herbette, S., & Menon, V. (2006) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.08.056 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
“Much less is known about the role of the BG, with which these cortical regions are tightly linked (Alexander et al., 1986; Middleton and Strick, 2002).”
Behavioral and Movement Disorders Induced by Local Inhibitory Dysfunction in Primate Striatum
Worbe, Y., Baup, N., Grabli, D., Chaigneau, M., Mounayar, S., McCairn, K. W., Féger, J., & Tremblay, L. (2008) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn214 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
GluN2B in corticostriatal circuits governs choice learning and choice shifting
Brigman, J. L., Daut, R. A., Wright, T., Gunduz‐Cinar, O., Graybeal, C., Davis, M. I., Jiang, Z., Saksida, L. M., Jinde, S., Pease, M. W., et al. (2013) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3457 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Thalamic mechanisms in language: A reconsideration based on recent findings and concepts
Crosson, B. (2012) · Brain and Language · doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2012.06.011 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
“Controlled processing is likely to involve frontal cortices, which are more consistently involved in basal ganglia loops than other cortical regions (Middleton & Strick, 2000, 2002).”
Evolution of the basal ganglia: Dual‐output pathways conserved throughout vertebrate phylogeny
Stephenson‐Jones, M., Ericsson, J., Robertson, B., & Grillner, S. E. (2012) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.23087 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
“The GPi projects via the thalamus to areas of the cortex that influence cognitive functions as well as movements and also directly to brainstem nuclei (Akkal et al., 2007; Kelly and Strick, 2004; Middleton and Strick, 2002).”
BackgroundSubcortical contributions to large-scale network communication
Bell, P. T., & Shine, J. M. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.036 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Different activation patterns for working memory load and visual attention load
Tomasi, D. G., Chang, L., Caparelli, E. C., & Ernst, T. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.11.030 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
“Such connections are supported by studies in non-human primates showing that the thalamus (Middleton, 2000, Middleton and Strick, 2002) and the IPL (Clower et al., 2001) receive projections from many brain regions Findings of higher cross-correlation of load-related BOLD responses during VA tasks…”
BackgroundRomanelli, P., Esposito, V., Schaal, D. W., & Heit, G. (2004) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2004.09.008 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
A dopaminergic basis for working memory, learning and attentional shifting in Parkinsonism
Moustafa, A. A., Sherman, S. J., & Frank, M. J. (2008) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.07.011 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
“…in the cognitive domain, the G serve as a gate to modulate when and when not to update inforation into prefrontal cortex (Frank et al., 2001; Middleton & Strick, 000; Middleton & Strick, 2002; O’Reilly & Frank, 2006), to be mainained in an active state, forming the basis of WM (Goldman-Rakic, 995).”
BackgroundExtrastriatal dopaminergic circuits of the basal ganglia
Rommelfanger, K. S. (2010) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2010.00139 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Compromised fronto-striatal functioning in HIV: An fMRI investigation of semantic event sequencing
Melrose, R. J. (2007) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2007.11.021 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Basal ganglia and language: phonology modulates dopaminergic release
Tettamanti, M., Moro, A., Messa, C., Moresco, R. M., Rizzo, G., Carpinelli, A., Matarrese, M., Fazio, F., & Perani, D. (2005) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200503150-00018 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“INTRODUCTION Strong evidence for the role of basal ganglia in cognition has come from research in primates, showing that the basal ganglia are interconnected by input and output fibers with the frontal lobe [1].”
BackgroundBilateral basal ganglia activation associated with sensorimotor adaptation
Seidler, R. D., Noll, D. C., & Chintalapati, P. (2006) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0571-y · Cited by 146 · see citing works
“Recent anatomical studies have demonstrated a connection between the globus pallidus and the prefrontal cortex, including BA 46 (Middleton and Strick 2002; Kelly and Strick 2004).”
BackgroundLü, Y., Liang, H., Han, D., Mo, Y., Li, Z., Cheng, Y., Xu, X., Shen, Z., Tan, C., Zhao, W. D., et al. (2016) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2016.04.008 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“According to previous studies, sensory, motor and cognitive processes are organised and integrated in distinct nuclei of the thalamus, which have connections with specific cortical and subcortical regions (Alexander et al., 1986; Middleton and Strick, 2002).”
MethodMa, L., Wang, B., Narayana, S., Hazeltine, E., Chen, X., Robin, D. A., Fox, P. T., & Xiong, J. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.073 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
The macaque lateral grasping network: A neural substrate for generating purposeful hand actions
Borra, E., Gerbella, M., Rozzi, S., & Luppino, G. (2017) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.01.017 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Tai Chi Chuan and Baduanjin Increase Grey Matter Volume in Older Adults: A Brain Imaging Study
Tao, J., Liu, J., Liu, W., Huang, J., Xue, X., Chen, X., Wu, J., Zheng, G., Chen, B., Li, M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170477 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
“Thecontributionoftheputamenincognitionmay beduetotheexistenceofcircuitsconnectingthe basalgangliatonon-motorregionsinthefrontallobe [82]thatareassociatedwithavarietyofcognitive functions[83].”
Cell-based reporters reveal in vivo dynamics of dopamine and norepinephrine release in murine cortex
Muller, A., Joseph, V., Slesinger, P. A., & Kleinfeld, D. (2014) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.3151 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Development of Working Memory Maintenance
Geier, C. F., Garver, K., Terwilliger, R., & Luna, B. (2009) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.90562.2008 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Transneuronal Circuit Analysis With Pseudorabies Viruses
Card, J. P., & Enquist, L. W. (1999) · Current Protocols in Neuroscience · doi:10.1002/0471142301.ns0105s09 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Quantitative cerebral water content mapping in hepatic encephalopathy
Shah, N. J., Neeb, H., KIRCHEIS, G., et al. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.02.057 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
“…to the water content as a marker for abnormal coupling with regions attributable to the frontal corticalbasal ganglia circuits (Middleton and Strick, 1994; Rolls, 1994; Brown et al., 1997; Haber and McFarland, 2001; McFarland and Haber, 2002; Middleton and Strick, 2002; Kelly and Strick, 2003).”
InfluentialHow the motor system integrates with working memory
Marvel, C. L., Morgan, O. P., & Kronemer, S. I. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.017 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Marchand, W. R. (2010) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0280-y · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“Other studies have shown that there is segregation of striatopallidal projections (Hazrati and Parent 1992a, b) and that pallidal output is organized into discrete channels (Hoover and Strick 1993; Middleton and Strick 2002).”
BackgroundAction-verb processing in Parkinson’s disease: new pathways for motor–language coupling
Cardona, J. F., Gershanik, O. S., Gelormini‐Lezama, C., Houck, A. L., Cardona, S., Kargieman, L., Trujillo, N., Arévalo, A. L., Amoruso, L., Manes, F. F., et al. (2013) · Brain Structure and Function · doi:10.1007/s00429-013-0510-1 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“The BG have profuse connections with the cerebral cortex, particularly with the frontal lobes (Middleton and Strick 2000, 2002; Ullman 2006).”
BackgroundRole of Individual Basal Ganglia Nuclei in Force Amplitude Generation
Spraker, M. B., Yu, H., Corcos, D. M., & Vaillancourt, D. E. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00239.2007 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Annotation: Tourette syndrome: a relentless drumbeat – driven by misguided brain oscillations
Leckman, J. F., Vaccarino, F. M., Kalanithi, P. S. A., & Rothenberger, A. (2006) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2006.01620.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Mailly, P., Charpier, S., Menetrey, A., & Deniau, J. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.23-12-05247.2003 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“…premotor networks and thalamic nuclei related to motor , premotor, prefrontal, and associative sensory cortical areas (Deniau and Chevalier, 1992; Middleton and Strick, 1996, 2002; Sakai et al., 1998) (for review, see also Alexander et al., 1986; Parent, 1990; Deniau and Thierry, 1997; Bolam et…”
BackgroundBasal ganglia mechanisms underlying precision grip force control
Prodoehl, J., Corcos, D. M., & Vaillancourt, D. E. (2009) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.03.004 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“…the motor cortex (Akkal et al., 2007;Clower et al., 2005;Hoover and Strick, 1999;Middleton and Strick, 2000), prefrontal cortex (Middleton and Strick, 1994;Middleton and Strick, 2002), and temporal lobe (Middleton and Strick, 1996), the output of the basal ganglia clearly targets the parietal lobe.”
BackgroundNeuroanatomy of Reward: A View from the Ventral Striatum
Haber, S. N. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Motor sequence chunking is impaired by basal ganglia stroke
Boyd, L. A., Edwards, J. D., Siengsukon, C. F., Vidoni, E. D., Wessel, B., & Linsdell, M. A. (2009) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2009.02.009 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
What Can Different Motor Circuits Tell Us About Psychosis? An RDoC Perspective
Mittal, V. A., Bernard, J. A., & Northoff, G. (2017) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbx087 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
“By governing the selection or gating of a subset of representations that have been activated by the cortex, parallel basal ganglia circuits are responsible for modulating a range of higher order behaviors.[4,5] Basal ganglia circuits each share the same general organization, originating in specific cortical areas, pas…”
- Authors
- Middleton, F. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Middleton, F. A.
- ORCID
- Middleton, F. A.
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-09-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 926-935
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- OpenAlex
- W2142455573
- Semantic Scholar
- 694a295bee8ec9996ffe86fdc9c06d779f885fdf
- Cited by
- 451
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 11.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5f31mh011262-02)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH056661, MH11262, MH-56661)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- basal ganglia, prefrontal cortex, thalamocortical connections, globus pallidus internus, substantia nigra pars reticulata, topographic organization, Cebus apella, area 46, retrograde tracing, herpes simplex virus type 1
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Axonal Transport, Basal Ganglia, Cebus, Neural Pathways, Prefrontal Cortex, Herpesvirus 1, Human
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
