The maturation of incentive processing and cognitive control

Geier, Charles; Luna, Beatriz

doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2009.01.021

Cited by 225Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorDecision-Making and Behavioral Economics

The maturation of incentive processing and cognitive control

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Geier, Charles, Luna, Beatriz·2009·Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

DOI 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.01.021PMC PMC2792989

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Abstract

Understanding how immaturities in the reward system affect decision-making can inform us on adolescent vulnerabilities to risk-taking, which is a primary contributor to mortality and substance abuse in this age group. In this paper, we review the literature characterizing the neurodevelopment of reward and cognitive control and propose a model for adolescent reward processing. While the functional neuroanatomy of the mature reward system has been well-delineated, adolescent reward processing is just beginning to be understood. Results indicate that adolescents relative to adults demonstrate decreased anticipatory processing and assessment of risk, but an increased consummatory response. Such differences could result in suboptimal representations of reward valence and value and bias adolescent decision-making. These functional differences in reward processing occur in parallel with on-going structural and pharmacological maturation in the adolescent brain. In addition to limitations in incentive processing, basic cognitive control abilities, including working memory and inhibitory control, continue to mature during adolescence. Consequently, adolescents may be limited, relative to adults, in their abilities to inhibit impulsive behaviors and reliably hold 'on-line' comparisons of potential rewards/punishments during decision-making.

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Activity patterns across prefrontal and subcortical regions are influenced by task performance, task design, and data analysis techniques.
“other key factors besides development are known to influence patterns of activity across prefrontal and subcortical regions. These include (i) task performance [60], (ii) task design, including transient-event versus sustained-set paradigms [6] or different baseline and timing conditions [28,61], and (iii) various data analysis techniques.”
From Arrested development? Reconsidering dual-systems models of brain function in adolescence and disorders (2012) · cites this paper as [61]
These data support the possibility that adolescence involves both underactive and overactive reward systems at different points in reward processing.
“Such data support the possibility that adolescence may be characterized by both underactive and overactive reward systems at different points in the processing of reward-relevant stimuli, as discussed further below (see also Geier & Luna, 2009).”
From Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data (2011) · cites this paper as Geier & Luna, 2009
Adolescents tend to process incentives differently than adults, leading to suboptimal and often risky decision-making.
“Evidence suggests that adolescents tend to both process incentives differently than adults (for reviews see: Geier and Luna (2009; Ernst, Daniele et al. 2011)), leading to suboptimal and often risky decision-making.”
From Developmental imaging genetics: Linking dopamine function to adolescent behavior (2014) · cites this paper as Geier and Luna 2009
In response to rewards, adolescents recruit similar brain regions (including the striatum) as children and adults.
“Developmental studies have shown that in response to rewards, adolescents recruit similar brain regions (including the striatum) as children and adults.”
From Testosterone levels correspond with increased ventral striatum activation in response to monetary rewards in adolescents (2011) · cites this paper as Geier and Luna, 2009
The extent to which these brain regions are recruited differs across age groups.
“However, the extent to which these brain regions are recruited differs across age groups (Geier and Luna, 2009).”
From Testosterone levels correspond with increased ventral striatum activation in response to monetary rewards in adolescents (2011) · cites this paper as Geier and Luna, 2009

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Abstract
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The prefrontal cortex and working memory: physiology and brain imaging
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Functional neuroanatomy of spatial working memory in children.
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Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging of reward-related brain circuitry in children and adolescents
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Development of voluntary control of saccadic eye movements
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What develops in working memory? A life span perspective.
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Using event-related fMRI to assess delay-period activity during performance of spatial and nonspatial working memory tasks
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Activity in Human Frontal Cortex Associated with Spatial Working Memory and Saccadic Behavior
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“…cortex, basal ganglia, superior colliculus, and thalamus, among others, as indicated by non-human primate electrophysiology (Munoz and Everling, 2004; Funahashi et al., 1993) and functional imaging work in human (Brown et al., 2006; Luna et al., 2001; Connolly et al., 2002; Ford et al., 2005).”
Background
Development of Working Memory Maintenance
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Delay-period activity in the primate prefrontal cortex encoding multiple spatial positions and their order of presentation
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The neural circuitry of reward and its relevance to psychiatric disorders
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Developmental and age-related changes of dopamine transporter, and dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in human basal ganglia
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Eye movements in neurodevelopmental disorders
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Neurodevelopment and Schizophrenia
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The prefrontal cortex and internally generated motor acts
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Developmental differences in posterior mesofrontal cortex recruitment by risky rewards
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Age-related influence of contingencies on a saccade task
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Delay-related activity in the primate prefrontal cortex during sequential reaching tasks with delay
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The development of spatial working memory abilities
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I. Introduction
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Neuronal Activity Representing Temporal Prediction of Reward in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex
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Trajectories of Adolescent Emotional and Cognitive Development: Effects of Sex and Risk for Drug Use
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Circuitry underlying temporally extended spatial working memory
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Development of the nigrostriatal dopamine neuron and the pathways in the basal ganglia
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Comparison of sustained and transient activity in children and adults using a mixed blocked/event-related fMRI design
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Development of an ability to maintain verbally instructed central gaze fixation studied in 8- to 10-year-old children
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PREFRONTAL BRAIN ACTIVITY PREDICTS TEMPORALLY EXTENDED DECISION-MAKING BEHAVIOR
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The effects of incentive on antisaccades: is a dopaminergic mechanism involved?
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The effects of incentive on antisaccades
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Neurodevelopment and Schizophrenia
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Differential effects of reward and punishment on conscious and unconscious eye movements
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Developmental Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations of Monoamine-Related Substances Revealed With a Coulochem Electrode Array System
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Untitled work
Giedd (1996) · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9861(19960304)366:2

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Demetriou A Christou C Spanoudis G Platsidou M The development of mental processing: efficiency, working memory, and thinking Monogr Soc Res Child Dev 2002 67 1 155 [discussion 156] 12360826
Giedd JN Blumenthal J Jeffries NO Castellanos FX Liu H Zijdenbos A Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study Nat Neurosci 1999b 2 861 3 10491603

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Normal development of brain circuits
Tau, G. Z., & Peterson, B. S. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.115 · Cited by 1,391 · see citing works
What has fMRI told us about the Development of Cognitive Control through Adolescence?
Luna, B., Padmanabhan, A., & O’Hearn, K. (2010) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2009.08.005 · Cited by 892 · see citing works
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Neurobiology of the Adolescent Brain and Behavior: Implications for Substance Use Disorders
Casey, B. J., & Jones, R. M. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.08.017 · Cited by 692 · see citing works
Neuroimaging of child abuse: a critical review
Hart, H., & Rubia, K. (2012) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2012.00052 · Cited by 660 · see citing works
Braking and accelerating of the adolescent brain
Casey, B. J., Jones, R. M., & Somerville, L. H. (2011) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00712.x · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Gray Matter Volume Abnormalities in ADHD: Voxel-Based Meta-Analysis Exploring the Effects of Age and Stimulant Medication
Nakao, T., Radua, J., Rubia, K., & Mataix-Cols, D. (2011) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11020281 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
White matter development in adolescence: A DTI study
Asato, M. R., Terwilliger, R., Woo, J., & Luna, B. (2010) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp282 · Cited by 512 · see citing works
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A review of fronto-striatal and fronto-cortical brain abnormalities in children and adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and new evidence for dysfunction in adults with ADHD during motivation and attention
Cubillo, A., Halari, R., Smith, A., Taylor, E., & Rubia, K. (2012) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2011.04.007 · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Adolescent risky decision-making: Neurocognitive development of reward and control regions
Van Leijenhorst, L., Moor, B. G., Op de Macks, Z. A., Rombouts, S. A. R. B., Westenberg, P. M., & Crone, E. A. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.02.038 · Cited by 467 · see citing works
Ventral–striatal responsiveness during reward anticipation in ADHD and its relation to trait impulsivity in the healthy population: A meta-analytic review of the fMRI literature
Plichta, M. M., & Scheres, A. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.012 · Cited by 424 · see citing works
The development of social cognition in adolescence: An integrated perspective
Kilford, E. J., Garrett, E., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.016 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Future Directions in Emotion Dysregulation and Youth Psychopathology
Beauchaine, T. P. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2015.1038827 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
The social brain in adolescence: evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging and behavioural studies
Burnett, S., Sebastian, C., Cohen Kadosh, K., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.10.011 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Developmental trajectories during adolescence in males and females: A cross-species understanding of underlying brain changes
Brenhouse, H. C., & Andersen, S. L. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.04.013 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Sexual differentiation of human behavior: Effects of prenatal and pubertal organizational hormones
Berenbaum, S. A., & Beltz, A. M. (2011) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.03.001 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Arrested development? Reconsidering dual-systems models of brain function in adolescence and disorders
Pfeifer, J. H., & Allen, N. B. (2012) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2012.04.011 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Adolescence: what do transmission, transition and translation have to do with it?
Casey, B. J., Duhoux, S., & Cohen, M. M. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.033 · Cited by 297 · see citing works
Rewards, aversions and affect in adolescence: emerging convergences across laboratory animal and human data
Spear, L. P. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.08.001 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Dopaminergic reward sensitivity can promote adolescent health: a new perspective on the mechanism of ventral striatum activation
Telzer, E. H. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.10.010 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
The Teenage Brain: Sensitivity to Rewards
Galván, A. (2013) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721413480859 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Reduced nucleus accumbens reactivity and adolescent depression following early-life stress
Goff, B., Gee, D. G., Telzer, E. H., Humphreys, K. L., Gabard-Durnam, L., Flannery, J., & Tottenham, N. (2013) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.12.010 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Parallel maturation of goal-directed behavior and dopaminergic systems during adolescence
Naneix, F., Marchand, A. R., Di Scala, G., Pape, J.-R., & Coutureau, E. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3080-12.2012 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Testosterone levels correspond with increased ventral striatum activation in response to monetary rewards in adolescents
Op de Macks, Z. A., Moor, B. G., Overgaauw, S., Güroğlu, B., Dahl, R. E., & Crone, E. A. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.06.003 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Developmental changes in brain function underlying the influence of reward processing on inhibitory control
Padmanabhan, A., Geier, C. F., Ordaz, S. J., Teslovich, T., & Luna, B. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.06.004 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
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The development of the ventral prefrontal cortex and social flexibility
Nelson, E. E., & Guyer, A. E. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.01.002 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Impacts of stress and sex hormones on dopamine neurotransmission in the adolescent brain
Sinclair, D., Purves-Tyson, T. D., Allen, K. M., & Weickert, C. S. (2014) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3415-z · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Reward Processing and Risk for Depression Across Development
Luking, K. R., Pagliaccio, D., Luby, J. L., & Barch, D. M. (2016) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.04.002 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Examining the link between adolescent brain development and risk taking from a social–developmental perspective
Willoughby, T., Good, M., Adachi, P. J. C., Hamza, C. A., & Tavernier, R. (2013) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2013.09.008 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
A systematic review of fMRI reward paradigms used in studies of adolescents vs. adults: The impact of task design and implications for understanding neurodevelopment
Richards, J. M., Plate, R. C., & Ernst, M. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.03.004 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Adolescents’ heightened risk-seeking in a probabilistic gambling task
Burnett, S., Bault, N., Coricelli, G., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2010) · Cognitive Development · doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2009.11.003 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Adolescent cognitive control and reward processing: Implications for risk taking and substance use
Geier, C. F. (2013) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.008 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
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Adolescent brain maturation and smoking: What we know and where we’re headed
Lydon‐Staley, D. M., Wilson, S. J., Child, A. E., & Geier, C. F. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.003 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
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An electrophysiological study of response conflict processing across the lifespan: Assessing the roles of conflict monitoring, cue utilization, response anticipation, and response suppression
Hämmerer, D., Li, S., Müller, V., & Lindenberger, U. (2010) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.07.014 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Circadian Misalignment, Reward‐Related Brain Function, and Adolescent Alcohol Involvement
Hasler, B. P., & Clark, D. B. (2013) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12003 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Reward sensitivity for a palatable food reward peaks during pubertal developmental in rats
Friemel (2010) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2010.00039 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Enhanced striatal sensitivity to aversive reinforcement in adolescents versus adults
Galván, A., & McGlennen, K. M. (2013) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00326 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The emergence of gonadal hormone influences on dopaminergic function during puberty
Kuhn, C., Johnson, M., Thomae, A., Luo, B., Simon, S. A., Zhou, G., & Walker, Q. D. (2010) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.10.015 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Age-related changes in insula cortical thickness and impulsivity: Significance for emotional development and decision-making
Churchwell, J. C., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. A. (2013) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2013.07.001 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Adolescent brain development: Implications for the juvenile criminal justice system.
Luna, B., & Wright, C. M. (2015) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14643-005 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
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Caudate responses to reward anticipation associated with delay discounting behavior in healthy youth
Benningfield, M. M., Blackford, J. U., Ellsworth, M. E., Samanez-Larkin, G. R., Martin, P., Cowan, R. L., & Zald, D. H. (2013) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2013.10.009 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Effort, symptom validity testing, performance validity testing and traumatic brain injury
Bigler, E. D. (2014) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699052.2014.947627 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Parental education predicts corticostriatal functionality in adulthood.
Gianaros, P., Manuck, S., Lei, S. K., Kuan, D. C. H., Votruba-Drzal, E., Craig, A., & Hariri, A. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhq160 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The Teenage Brain: Cognitive Control and Motivation
Luna, B., Paulsen, D. J., Padmanabhan, A., & Geier, C. (2013) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721413478416 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
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Neural responses to monetary incentives among self-injuring adolescent girls
Sauder, C. L., Derbidge, C. M., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2016) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000449 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Developmental imaging genetics: Linking dopamine function to adolescent behavior
Padmanabhan, A., & Luna, B. (2014) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2013.09.011 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
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Late Adolescent Expression of GluN2B Transmission in the Prefrontal Cortex Is Input-Specific and Requires Postsynaptic Protein Kinase A and D1 Dopamine Receptor Signaling
Flores-Barrera, E., Thomases, D. R., Heng, L., Cass, D. K., Caballero, A. C., & Tseng, K. Y. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.07.033 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Early Childhood Parenting Predicts Late Childhood Brain Functional Connectivity During Emotion Perception and Reward Processing
Kopala‐Sibley, D. C., Cyr, M., Finsaas, M. C., O’Rawe, J. F., Huang, A., Tottenham, N., & Klein, D. N. (2018) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13126 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Depression and the willingness to expend cognitive and physical effort for rewards: A systematic review
Horne, S. J., Topp, T. E., & Quigley, L. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102065 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Adolescent Development of Value-Guided Goal Pursuit
Davidow, J. Y., Insel, C., & Somerville, L. H. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2018.05.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The Neuroscience of Adolescence
Galván, A. (2017) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316106143 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Psychophysiological Methods and Developmental Psychopathology
Zisner, A. R., & Beauchaine, T. P. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy222 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Sexual learning, sexual experience, and healthy adolescent sex
Fortenberry, J. D. (2014) · New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development · doi:10.1002/cad.20061 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Different developmental trajectories for anticipation and receipt of reward during adolescence
Hoogendam, J. M., Kahn, R. S., Hillegers, M. H. J., van Buuren, M., & Vink, M. (2013) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2013.08.004 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Addictive use of digital devices in young children: Associations with delay discounting, self-control and academic performance
van Endert, T. S. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253058 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Adolescent Neurological Development and Implications for Health and Well-Being
Griffin, A. (2017) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare5040062 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Tentative evidence for striatal hyperactivity in adolescent cannabis-using boys: a cross-sectional multicenter fMRI study
Jager, G., Block, R. I., Luijten, M., & Ramsey, N. F. (2013) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2013.785837 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Emotion regulation across the life span
Helion, C., Krueger, S. M., & Ochsner, K. N. (2019) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-804281-6.00014-8 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Impulsivity and Impulsivity-Related Endophenotypes in Suicidal Patients with Substance Use Disorders: an Exploratory Study
Costanza, A., Rothen, S., Achab, S., Thorens, G., Baertschi, M., Weber, K., Canuto, A., Richard-Lepouriel, H., Perroud, N. A., & ZULLINO, D. F. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-020-00259-3 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Examining the link between adolescent brain development and risk taking from a social–developmental perspective (reprinted)
Willoughby, T., Good, M., Adachi, P. J. C., Hamza, C. A., & Tavernier, R. (2014) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2014.07.006 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Longitudinal study of striatal activation to reward and loss anticipation from mid-adolescence into late adolescence/early adulthood
Lamm, C., Benson, B. E., Guyer, A. E., Pérez‐Edgar, K. E., Fox, N. A., Pine, D. S., & Monique Ernst, D. (2014) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2013.12.003 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Neuroscience Education for Prekindergarten-12 Teachers
Dubinsky, J. M. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2322-10.2010 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Early-life adversity and adolescent depression: mechanisms involving the ventral striatum
Goff, B., & Tottenham, N. (2014) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852914000674 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Late maturation of auditory perceptual learning
Huyck, J. J., & Wright, B. A. (2010) · Developmental Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01009.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Combined effects of peer presence, social cues, and rewards on cognitive control in adolescents
Breiner, K., Li, A., Cohen, A. O., Steinberg, L. D., Bonnie, R. J., Scott, E. S., Taylor‐Thompson, K., Rudolph, M. D., Chein, J. M., Richeson, J. A., et al. (2018) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21599 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Behavioral Impulsivity and Risk-Taking Trajectories Across Early Adolescence in Youths With and Without Family Histories of Alcohol and Other Drug Use Disorders
Dougherty, D. M., Lake, S. L., Mathias, C. W., Ryan, S. R., Bray, B. C., Charles, N. E., & Acheson, A. (2015) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12787 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Mental Imagery-Based Training to Modify Mood and Cognitive Bias in Adolescents: Effects of Valence and Perspective
Heyes, S. B., Pictet, A., Mitchell, H., Raeder, S. M., Lau, J. Y. F., Holmes, E. A., & Blackwell, S. E. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9795-8 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Cognitive control deficits associated with antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy.
Zeier, J. D., Baskin-sommers, A. R., Racer, K. H., & Newman, J. P. (2011) · Personality Disorders Theory Research and Treatment · doi:10.1037/a0023137 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Risk-Taking, Delay Discounting, and Time Perspective in Adolescent Gamblers: An Experimental Study
Cosenza, M., Griffiths, M. D., Nigro, G., & Ciccarelli, M. (2016) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-016-9623-9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Developmental effects of decision-making on sensitivity to reward: An fMRI study
Jarcho, J. M., Benson, B. E., Plate, R. C., Guyer, A. E., Detloff, A. M., Pine, D. S., Leibenluft, E., & Ernst, M. (2012) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2012.04.002 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Neural Dynamic Responses of Monetary and Social Reward Processes in Adolescents
Wang, D., Liu, T., & Shi, J. (2020) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2020.00141 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Methodological approaches in developmental neuroimaging studies
Luna, B., Velanova, K., & Geier, C. F. (2010) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.21073 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
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Region-specific upregulation of parvalbumin-, but not calretinin-positive cells in the ventral hippocampus during adolescence
Caballero, A. C., Diah, K. C., & Tseng, K. Y. (2013) · Hippocampus · doi:10.1002/hipo.22172 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Escalating risk and the moderating effect of resistance to peer influence on the P200 and feedback-related negativity
Kiat, J. E., Straley, E., & Cheadle, J. E. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv121 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Attentional capture by emotional faces in adolescence
Grose-Fifer, J., Rodrigues, A., Hoover, S., & Zottoli, T. (2013) · Advances in Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.5709/acp-0134-9 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Brain functional domains inform therapeutic interventions in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and pediatric bipolar disorder
Passarotti, A. M., & Pavuluri, M. N. (2011) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/ern.11.71 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The power of a smile: Stronger working memory effects for happy faces in adolescents compared to adults
Cromheeke, S., & Mueller, S. C. (2015) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.997196 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Attentional capture by emotional faces in adolescence.
Grose‐Fifer, J., Rodrigues, A., Hoover, S., & Zottoli, T. M. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.2478/v10053-008-0134-9 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Interaction between COMT Val158Met polymorphism and childhood adversity affects reward processing in adulthood
Boecker-Schlier, R., Holz, N. E., Buchmann, A. F., Blomeyer, D., Plichta, M. M., Jennen-Steinmetz, C., Wolf, I., Baumeister, S., Treutlein, J., Rietschel, M., et al. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.006 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Enhancing response inhibition by incentive: Comparison of adolescents with and without substance use disorder
Chung, T. A., Geier, C. F., Luna, B., Pajtek, S., Terwilliger, R. A., Thatcher, D. L., & Clark, D. B. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.10.017 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
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Considerations for imaging the adolescent brain
Galván, A., Leijenhorst, L. V., & McGlennen, K. M. (2012) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2012.02.002 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Abnormal fronto‐parietal white matter organisation in the superior longitudinal fasciculus branches in autism spectrum disorders
Fitzgerald, J., Leemans, A., Kehoe, E. G., O’Hanlon, E., Gallagher, L., & McGrath, J. (2017) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.13655 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Age‐varying associations between cigarette smoking, sensation seeking, and impulse control through adolescence and young adulthood
Lydon‐Staley, D. M., & Geier, C. F. (2018) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/jora.12335 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
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Social stress during adolescence activates long-term microglia inflammation insult in reward processing nuclei
Rodríguez‐Arias, M., Montagud‐Romero, S., Carrión, A. M. G., Perez, C. F., Pérez‐Villalba, A., Marco, E. M., López‐Gallardo, M., Viveros, M., & Miñarro, J. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0206421 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Non-medical use of psychoactive drugs in relation to suicide tendencies among Chinese adolescents
Wang, J., Deng, J., Lan, G., He, Y., Gao, X., Jing-Hui, H., Guo-liang, H., & Ci-yong, L. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.07.003 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The role of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in drug-seeking behavior
Yadid, G., Sudai, E., Maayan, R., Gispan, I. H., & Weizman, A. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.03.003 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Neurobiology of the Adolescent Brain and Behavior
Casey, B. J., & Jones, R. M. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-201012000-00005 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Influence of the Novelty-Seeking Endophenotype on the Rewarding Effects of Psychostimulant Drugs in Animal Models
Arenas, M. C., Aguilar, M. A., Montagud‐Romero, S., Mateos-García, A., Navarro-Francés, C. I., Miñarro, J., & Rodríguez‐Arias, M. (2015) · Current Neuropharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570159x13666150921112841 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Influence of Different Kinds of Incentives on Decision-Making and Cognitive Control in Adolescent Development: A Review of Behavioral and Neuroscientific Studies
Kray, J., Schmitt, H., Lorenz, C., & Ferdinand, N. K. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00768 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Neurobiological correlates of the social and emotional impact of peer victimization: A review
Cubillo, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.866926 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Differences in neural responses to reward and punishment processing between anorexia nervosa subtypes: A n f MRI study
Murao, E., Sugihara, G., Isobe, M., Noda, T., Kawabata, M., Matsukawa, N., Takahashi, H., Murai, T., & Noma, S. (2017) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12537 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Enhanced Incentive Motivation for Sucrose-Paired Cues in Adolescent Rats: Possible Roles for Dopamine and Opioid Systems
Burton, C. L., Noble, K., & Fletcher, P. J. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.44 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
A fuzzy trace theory of adolescent risk taking: Beyond self-control and sensation seeking.
Chick, C. F., & Reyna, V. F. (2011) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/13493-013 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Deficient Event-Related Theta Oscillations in Individuals at Risk for Alcoholism: A Study of Reward Processing and Impulsivity Features
Kamarajan, C., Pandey, A. K., Chorlian, D. B., Manz, N., Stimus, A. T., Anokhin, A. P., Bauer, L. O., Kuperman, S., Kramer, J., Bucholz, K. K., et al. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142659 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Effects of a cafeteria diet on delay discounting in adolescent and adult rats: Alterations on dopaminergic sensitivity
Robertson, S. H., & Rasmussen, E. B. (2017) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881117735750 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The unique roles of intrapersonal and social factors in adolescent smoking development.
Defoe, I. N., Dubas, J. S., Somerville, L. H., Lugtig, P. J., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2016) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/dev0000198 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Developmental Changes in the Integration of Affective and Cognitive Corticostriatal Pathways are Associated with Reward-Driven Behavior
Larsen, B., Verstynen, T., Yeh, F.-C. F., & Luna, B. (2017) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhx162 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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Childhood trauma exposure and reward processing in healthy adults: A functional neuroimaging study
Hendrikse, C. J., du Plessis, S., Luckhoff, H. K., Vink, M., van den Heuvel, L. L., Scheffler, F., Phahladira, L., Smit, R., Asmal, L., Seedat, S., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.25051 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Kids, candy, brain and behavior: Age differences in responses to candy gains and losses
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Immaturities in reward processing and its influence on inhibitory control in adolescence.
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Cerebral Cortex doi:10.1093/cercor/bhp225 Immaturities in Reward Processing and Its Influence on Inhibitory Control in Adolescence
Geier, C. F., Terwilliger, R. A., Teslovich, T., Velanova, K., & Luna, B. (2015)
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Incentive processing and inhibitory control in adolescents and young adults
Geier, C. F. (2009) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Self-citation

Authors: Geier, C., & Luna, B.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
Corresponding author: Geier, Charles
ORCID: Geier, Charles
Venue: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-09
Volume: 93
Issue: 3
Pages: 212-221
ISSN: 0091-3057 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.01.021
PMC: PMC2792989
OpenAlex: W2063631727
Cited by: 225
References: 183
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 1.48
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH080243, R01MH067924)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Keywords: adolescent brain development, reward processing, incentive processing, cognitive control, decision-making, risk-taking, anticipatory processing, reward valence, working memory, inhibitory control, impulsivity
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Brain, Cognition, Humans, Memory, Short-Term, Reward

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The maturation of incentive processing and cognitive control

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