The DOI matches its Crossref record; 65 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 9 of the 39 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict
Open accessAbstract
Unhappy couple relationships are associated with impaired individual health, an effect thought to be mediated through ongoing couple conflicts. Little is known, however, about the underlying mechanisms regulating psychobiological stress, and particularly autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity, during negative couple interaction. In this study, we tested the effects of the neuropeptide oxytocin on ANS reactivity during couple conflict in a standardized laboratory paradigm. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 47 heterosexual couples (total n = 94) received oxytocin or placebo intranasally prior to instructed couple conflict. Participants' behavior was videotaped and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA), a measure of sympathetic activity, and emotional arousal were repeatedly measured during the experiment. Oxytocin significantly reduced sAA during couple conflict in women, whereas men showed increases in sAA levels (sex × group interaction: B = -49.36, t = -2.68, P = 0.009). In men, these increases were related to augmented emotional arousal (r = 0.286, P = 0.028) and more positive behavior (r = 0.291, P = 0.026), whereas there was no such association in women. Our results imply sex-specific effects of oxytocin on sympathetic activity, to negative couple interaction, with the neuropeptide reducing sAA responses and emotional arousal in women while increasing them in men.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In a double-blind placebo-controlled study of 47 heterosexual couples, intranasal oxytocin before a couple conflict produced sex-specific effects on salivary alpha-amylase (sAA): women showed reduced sAA, while men showed increased sAA. In men, increased sAA was associated with higher emotional arousal and more positive observed behavior, whereas no such associations appeared in women.
Key findings
- A significant sex × group interaction emerged for sAA increases from pre- to post-conflict (B = −49.36, t = −2.68, P = 0.009): women receiving oxytocin showed decreases in sAA compared with placebo, whereas men receiving oxytocin showed increases.
- Repeated-measures ANOVA confirmed a time × sex × group effect on sAA over time (F = 2.581(5,37), P = 0.042); there was no main oxytocin effect over time (time × group: F = 0.857(5,37), P = 0.519) and no overall sex difference over time (time × sex: F = 0.611(5,37), P = 0.692).
- Emotional arousal after conflict also showed a sex × group interaction (B = −0.73, t = −2.12, P = 0.037): men with oxytocin reported higher emotional arousal, while women with oxytocin reported lower emotional arousal compared with placebo.
- In men, emotional arousal was positively correlated with increases in sAA (r = 0.286, P = 0.028) and with more positive observed behavior during conflict (r = 0.291, P = 0.026); in women, there were no associations of sAA with emotional arousal or observed conflict behavior.
Methods
- Double-blind, placebo-controlled design with 47 heterosexual couples (total n = 94), aged 20–50 years, married or cohabiting for at least 1 year; exclusion criteria included smoking, chronic mental or physical illness, medication intake, and for women hormonal contraceptives, pregnancy, or breastfeeding.
- Couples self-administered either 40 IU intranasal oxytocin (Syntocinon Spray) or placebo, assigned at the couple level; 45 min later they discussed a chosen conflict issue for 10 min while being videotaped.
- sAA was repeatedly measured from saliva at baseline (−50 min), −20 min, −1 min, and +10, +20, +30, +45 min; emotional arousal was assessed with a 14-item questionnaire, behavior was coded with CAOS, and analyses used hierarchical linear modeling, repeated-measures ANOVA, and correlations.
Limitations
- Stated: causal interpretation is limited because continuous data sampling during the actual conflict was not possible; effects of a single neuropharmacological challenge may differ from endogenous oxytocin mechanisms; possible vasopressin receptor activity and interactions with steroid hormones were not investigated.
- Stated: the sample included relatively happy couples who were not seeking treatment, so differential effects in unhappy relationships are beyond the scope of the study.
- Evident from the text: the sample was small (47 couples; sex/group cells of n = 23 or 24), and the HLM model explained only 3.1% of variance in sAA increases, limiting precision and generalizability.
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Claims the paper makes
12 Own result · 10 No full text of the sources · 10 Own method · 6 Own interpretation · 5 Sources not found · 2 Supported · 2 Supported so far · 2 Couldn’t confirm · 1 Partly supported · 1 Not checked yet · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“neuropeptides have been shown to gain access to the brain following intranasal administration (Born et al., 2002;Chang et al., 2012).”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Born et al., 2002 source
- Supportedcites Chang et al., 2012 source
The Results report that inhaled oxytocin significantly increased cerebrospinal-fluid concentrations in rhesus macaques, which the authors describe as confirming transnasal penetration into the CNS. This directly supports the claim that a neuropeptide has been shown to gain access to the brain following intranasal administration. (LLM, conf=0.93)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“In women, our findings are concurrent with animal data on OT application and reduced ANS activation in female prairie voles (Grippo et al., 2009(Grippo et al., , 2012)).”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Grippo et al., 2009 source
The Abstract reports that oxytocin administration prevented isolation-induced increases in heart rate and decreases in heart-rate variability and vagal regulation in female prairie voles. This supports the cited comparison with reduced autonomic activation, specifically in socially isolated animals; oxytocin did not significantly alter autonomic responses in paired animals. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Supportedcites Grippo et al., 2012 source
The Discussion reports that exogenous oxytocin reduced some measures of autonomic reactivity to acute stressors in female prairie voles. The effect was observed in socially isolated animals; the paper reports no autonomic effect in paired voles. (LLM, conf=0.91)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“In fact, sAA responses during conflict might represent not only negative aspects of arousal, but also task engagement and emotional involvement in a positive sense.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Porges, 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Neuroception and Summary sections discuss autonomic states, defensive responses, and social engagement, but do not address salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) responses during conflict. Searches for sAA, conflict, task engagement, and positive emotional involvement found no passage supporting the proposed interpretation. (LLM, conf=0.76)
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Could not verify
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sex  group | À0.73 | 0.34 | À2.12 | 85 | 0.037*”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > Additional information
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“SAA significantly increased from pre-to post-couple conflict (time slope sAA À20 min , þ10 min : B ¼ 16.84, t ¼ 6.10, P 0.001; mean sAA increase placebo condition ¼ 33.70, s.d.¼ 51.47; mean sAA increase OT con- dition ¼ 33.98, s.d.¼ 52.12)”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“with subsequent decreases (time slope sAA þ 10 min, þ20 min, þ30 min, þ45 min : B ¼ À4.92, t ¼ À2.52, P ¼ 0.012; mean sAA decrease placebo condition ¼ À10.22, s.d.¼ 51.79; mean sAA decrease OT condition ¼ À17.13, s.d.¼ 48.42) during recovery in the total group.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This point leads to the interpretation of the positive associations of sAA with emotional arousal and positive behavior in men which were detected here.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In men, these increases were related to augmented emotional arousal (r ¼ 0.286, P ¼ 0.028) and more positive behavior (r ¼ 0.291, P ¼ 0.026), whereas there was no such association in women.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“emotional arousal was positively correlated with increases in sAA (r ¼ 0.286, P ¼ 0.028) and with more positive observed behavior during couple conflict (r ¼ 0.291, P ¼ 0.026) in men.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > Abstract
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sex  group | À49.36 | 18.38 | À2.68 | 87 | 0.009*”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The model explained 3.1% in sAA increases to couple conflict.*Significant on a 5% level.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > DISCUSSION
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 17
- It may state two separate claims as one. 19
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“effects of a single neuropharmacological challenge might differ considerably from endogenous OT mechanisms”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites Bale et al., 2001 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper reports behavioral effects of experimentally infused oxytocin in the Open-field test and Experiment II, and discusses region-specific receptor regulation. Searches for endogenous oxytocin and for a comparison between pharmacological challenges and natural signaling found no passage making the claimed comparison; the indexed passages provide no page numbers. (LLM, conf=0.73)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Landgraf and Neumann, 2004 source
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), which has been shown to improve social affiliation and attachment and to reduce anxiety and stress (Young et al., 2001;Donaldson and Young, 2008;Ross and Young, 2009;Insel, 2010).”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Young et al., 2001 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Donaldson and Young, 2008 source
- Partly supportedcites Ross and Young, 2009 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract and §1.14 describe oxytocin’s role in affiliative behavior and bonding. Section 1.9 reports that oxytocin treatment lowered stress-induced cortisol in isolated hamsters, but the copy does not establish a general reduction in anxiety; the claim also broadens an animal stress finding without that qualifier. Page numbers were not supplied. (LLM, conf=0.85)
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“In female prairie voles, peripheral OT administration reduced HR responses to social isolation (Grippo et al., 2009) and to social stress (resident intruder test) (Grippo et al., 2012).”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Grippo et al., 2009 source
The 2009 citation is attached to the social-isolation finding, not the resident-intruder finding attributed to Grippo et al. (2012). The Abstract reports that subcutaneous oxytocin prevented the isolation-induced increase in heart rate in adult female prairie voles. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Supportedcites Grippo et al., 2012 source
The 2012 citation is attached to the resident-intruder social-stress finding, not the separate social-isolation finding cited to Grippo et al. (2009). In the Discussion (page not provided), the paper reports that heart rate was highest in isolated voles given vehicle and that oxytocin partially prevented their autonomic reactions during the resident-intruder test. (LLM, conf=0.92)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“SAA has been interpreted as an indirect marker of ANS activity and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in particular (Ehlert et al., 2006;Nater et al., 2006;Nater and Rohleder, 2009).”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Ehlert et al., 2006 source
The Abstract concludes that sAA might be an indirect indicator of the central sympathetic system. The introductory section also describes stress-related sAA changes as reflecting ANS activity in general and reports a positive relationship with sympathetic tone. This supports the citing sentence's qualified wording, “has been interpreted.” Page numbers are not provided in the excerpts. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Nater et al., 2006 source
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Nater and Rohleder, 2009 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Men with OT reported higher emotional arousal to the couple conflict, whereas women with OT reported lower emotional arousal in comparison to placebo (Figure 2).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · hedged
“Results, as indicated by HLM analyses with emotional arousal as dependent variable, indeed suggest no main effects of either group or sex but, again, a significant sex  group interaction (Table 2).”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In women, there were no associations of sAA with emotional arousal or with observed conflict behavior.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The model explained 22.4% in emotional arousal.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > Additional information
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Fischer-Shofty et al. (2012) detected a significant OT by sex interaction in social perception of kinship and competition in video sequences.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Fischer-Shofty et al., 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All women were investigated during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > METHODS AND MATERIALS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As normal distribution of repeatedly assessed sAA was not violated, untransformed sAA levels were used in the analyses.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > STATISTICAL ANALYSES
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Associations of increases in sAA (difference scores were calculated as sAA after conflict, þ10 min, ÀsAA prior to conflict instructions, À20 min) with group assignment (OT/placebo) and emotional arousal were calculated using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), with sex, group, sex  group, BMI, age and baseline sAA included on level 1, and an empty couple level 2, in order to take into account the”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > STATISTICAL ANALYSES
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kenny et al., 2006
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Inter-and intraassay variance was below 1%.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > METHODS AND MATERIALS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, male participants in the placebo group were slightly older than participants in the OT group.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, the opposite is the case in men, in whom results strikingly resemble the data recently reported by Gamer and Buchel (2011).”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Gamer and Buchel, 2011 source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In these analyses, couple data were also treated as repeated measures in order to account for dependency between partners.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > STATISTICAL ANALYSES
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“They also correspond to 'befriending' mechanisms in women, as opposed to the fight-or-flight physiology in men, as suggested by Taylor et al. (2000), and to the anxiolytic effects which were found in previous research in humans (Meyer-Lindenberg et al., 2011).”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Thus, in line with Bartz et al. (2011) andMcCall andSinger (2012), in our study, OT might have driven quiescence in women and social salience and approach behavior in men.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: Quiescence is associated with parasympathetic activity, and approach is characterized by SNS activity.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Experiments took place in the laboratories of the Department of Psychology at the University of Zurich between 5:00 pm and 7:30 pm to control for diurnal variation in sAA activity.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > METHODS AND MATERIALS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“As parallel data on OT effects in both men and women are still rare and, in part, conflicting (for an overview, see Bartz et al., 2011), it is particularly important to investigate both sexes within the same research design.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bartz et al., 2011 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“ongoing couple conflicts have been suggested to constantly increase stress and, thereby, to impair individual health (Kiecolt-Glaser and Newton, 2001).”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Kiecolt-Glaser and Newton, 2001 source
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mauchly's test indicated that the assumption of sphericity had been violated, and therefore in repeated measures, multivariate tests using Pillai's trace correction are reported (cf.Field, 2009).”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > STATISTICAL ANALYSES
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Field, 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The two groups (placebo vs OT) did not significantly differ in their BMI, duration of relationship, relationship quality, years of education, chronic stress levels, and number of general health symptoms or baseline sAA (À50 min relative to the onset of the conflict).”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, with regard to underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms, in our study, OT did not show overall attenuating or stimulating effects but rather sex-specific influences on sAA.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Moreover, intranasal OT increased both sympathetic activity (assessed by PEP) and parasympathetic activity (assessed by high-frequency HR variability) (Norman et al., 2011).”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Norman et al., 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our results imply sex-specific effects of oxytocin on sympathetic activity, to negative couple interaction, with the neuropeptide reducing sAA responses and emotional arousal in women while increasing them in men.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > Abstract
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study was in line with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > METHODS AND MATERIALS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In a double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 47 heterosexual couples (total n ¼ 94) received oxytocin or placebo intranasally prior to instructed couple conflict.”
- Also stated in: § METHODS AND MATERIALS · plain
“Following this procedure, in a double-blind design, couples self-administered either 40 IU (five puffs in each nostril) of OT (Syntocinon Spray, Novartis, Basel, Switzerland) or placebo intranasally under the supervision of the study coordinator.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
- Also stated in: § METHODS AND MATERIALS · plain
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Research in couples shows that women tend to express demand behavior more frequently, while men tend to show withdraw behavior (Gottman and Krokoff, 1989;Christensen and Heavey, 1990;Bodenmann et al., 1998)”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gottman and Krokoff, 1989
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Christensen and Heavey, 1990
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Bodenmann et al., 1998 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence, attempts to account for the causal nature of sAA, emotions or behavior in response to the conflict remain speculative.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
In the paper
“In a recent study, ANS responses were triggered by positive couple interactions (as compared to neutral interactions; Nealey-Moore et al., 2007), an effect which was attributed to the emotional nature of the task.”
§ Sex-specific effects of intranasal oxytocin on autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Nealey-Moore et al., 2007 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Little is known about the underlying mechanisms regulating psychobiological stress, particularly ANS reactivity, during negative couple interaction.
“Little is known, however, about the underlying mechanisms regulating psychobiological stress, and particularly autonomic nervous system (ANS) reactivity, during negative couple interaction.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Quiescence is associated with parasympathetic activity, and approach is characterized by SNS activity.
“Whereas quiescence is assumed to be associated with parasympathetic activity, approach would be characterized by SNS activity.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A smaller literature has examined oxytocin's effects on social cognition and behavior among romantic couples, however, this literature has yielded mixed findings3–6.”
From Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin to Enhance Alcohol Behavioral Couple Therapy (2025) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“there is increasing evidence that it may often produce opposite effects in these domains in men and women (5 -7)”
From Oxytocin, the peptide that bonds the sexes also divides them (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, in response to couple conflict, OXT decreased sympathetic activity and arousal in women but increased them in men (6).”
From Oxytocin, the peptide that bonds the sexes also divides them (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“previous research has shown that oxytocin effects can vary as a function of emotion regulation skills (Quirin et al., 2011), social context history of childhood maltreatment (Ebert et al., 2013; Flanagan et al., 2015), and sex (Ditzen et al., 2012; Rilling et al., 2014).”
From Augmenting Prolonged Exposure therapy for PTSD with intranasal oxytocin: a randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial (2018) · cites this paper as Ditzen et al., 2012
Citations
Cites
Discovering Statistics Using SPSS
Field, A. P., & Miles, J. N. V. (2000) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 28,269
Social Relationships and Mortality Risk: A Meta-analytic Review
Holt-Lunstad, J., Smith, T. B., & Layton, J. B. (2010) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000316 · Cited by 7,272 · cited 2×
“…influence on individual stress resilience (Robles and Kiecolt-Glaser, 2003), health (Uchino, 2006; Thoits, 2011) and longevity (House et al., 1988; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010), making couple relationships, as the most prominent social relationship for nearly all adults, an important predictor of…”
BackgroundSocial Relationships and Health
House, J. S., Landis, K. R., & Umberson, D. (1988) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3399889 · Cited by 7,073 · cited 2×
“…have a substantial influence on individual stress resilience (Robles and Kiecolt-Glaser, 2003), health (Uchino, 2006; Thoits, 2011) and longevity (House et al., 1988; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010), making couple relationships, as the most prominent social relationship for nearly all adults, an…”
BackgroundMechanisms Linking Social Ties and Support to Physical and Mental Health
Thoits, P. A. (2011) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146510395592 · Cited by 4,076
(2006) · Cited by 3,705
Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight.
Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., Lewis, B. P., Gruenewald, T. L., Gurung, R. A. R., & Updegraff, J. A. (2000) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.107.3.411 · Cited by 3,308 · cited 2×
“They also correspond to ‘befriending’ mechanisms in women, as opposed to the fight-or-flight physiology in men, as suggested by Taylor et al. (2000), and to the anxiolytic effects which were found in previous research in humans (Meyer-Lindenberg et al., 2011).”
ResultThe oxytocin receptor system: structure, function, and regulation
Gimpl, G., & Fahrenholz, F. (2001) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.629 · Cited by 3,089 · cited 3×
“OT is synthesized in the hypothalamus, from where it exerts its effects on widespread areas in the central nervous system (CNS) (Gimpl and Fahrenholz, 2001; de Bono, 2003; Landgraf and Neumann, 2004).”
BackgroundUchino, B. N., Cacioppo, J. T., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.119.3.488 · Cited by 2,727 · cited 1×
“Consequently, research interest has turned to the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effects of couple interaction on stress and individual health-relevant outcomes (Uchino et al., 1996; Robles and Kiecolt-Glaser, 2003; Karelina and DeVries, 2011).”
BackgroundUchino, B. N. (2006) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-006-9056-5 · Cited by 2,507 · cited 2×
“…and affectionate social interactions have a substantial influence on individual stress resilience (Robles and Kiecolt-Glaser, 2003), health (Uchino, 2006; Thoits, 2011) and longevity (House et al., 1988; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2010), making couple relationships, as the most prominent social…”
BackgroundMarriage and health: His and hers
Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K., & Newton, T. L. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.127.4.472 · Cited by 2,460 · cited 2×
“…this and in contrast to positive couple interaction (cf. Grewen et al., 2003; Coan et al., 2006; Ditzen et al., 2007; Holt-Lunstad et al., 2008), ongoing couple conflicts have been suggested to constantly increase stress and, thereby, to impair individual health (Kiecolt-Glaser and Newton, 2001).”
Background
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Dumais, K. M., & Veenema, A. H. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.04.003 · Cited by 520
“However, the underlying mechanisms may be different, because OT decreased sympathetic activity measures during couple conflict in women, but increased sympathetic activity measures in men (Ditzen et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSwain, J. E., Kim, P., Spicer, J., Ho, S. S., Dayton, C. J., Elmadih, A., & Abel, K. M. (2014) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.007 · Cited by 290
“But it is likely that effects are not only sex-specific, but task specific (some suggest OT does not change the salience of social-emotional cues) and task-specific between sexes (Ditzen et al., 2012).”
Psychobiology of social support: The social dimension of stress buffering
Ditzen, B., & Heinrichs, M. (2014) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.3233/rnn-139008 · Cited by 298
Self-citationEffects of intranasal oxytocin on the neural basis of face processing in autism spectrum disorder
Domes, G., Heinrichs, M., Kumbier, E., Grossmann, A., Hauenstein, K., & Herpertz, S. C. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.02.007 · Cited by 255
“Initial studies in healthy humans show that oxytocin, a nine– amino acid neuropeptide, reduces anxiety and endocrine responses to social stress (18,19), modulates social memory (20–22), promotes trust in social interactions (23), improves the ability to infer the emotional or mental states of others from subtle facial…”
BackgroundSelf-citationEpigenetic regulation of the oxytocin receptor gene: implications for behavioral neuroscience
Kumsta, R., Hummel, E., Chen, F. S., & Heinrichs, M. (2013) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00083 · Cited by 207
Self-citationOxytocin, the peptide that bonds the sexes also divides them
Gao, S., Becker, B., Luo, L., Geng, Y., Zhao, W., Yin, Y., Hu, J., Gao, Z., Gong, Q., Hurlemann, R., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1602620113 · Cited by 186
“Psychoneuroendocrinology 34(6):917–923.”
BackgroundInfluentialOxytocin enhances inter-brain synchrony during social coordination in male adults
Mu, Y., Guo, C., & Han, S. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw106 · Cited by 177
“…effects on neural underpinnings of social 115cognitive/affective processes in male and female participants (Kirsch et al., 2005; Domes et al., 2010; Ditzen et al., 2012), future research should integrate EEG recording and intranasal administration of OT to clarify whether OT increases or decreases…”
BackgroundResultKelly, A. M., & Goodson, J. L. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.04.005 · Cited by 150
“, 2009, 2012), although the relevant literature in humans is more limited and extensively focused on effects of exogenous OT, which are sometimes sex-specific (Ditzen et al., 2012; Norman et al., 2011; Gamer and Buchel, 2012).”
BackgroundFan, Y., Herrera-Meléndez, A. L., Pestke, K., Feeser, M., Aust, S., Otte, C., Pruessner, J. C., Böker, H., Bajbouj, M., & Grimm, S. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22553 · Cited by 142
Dissecting the Role of Oxytocin in the Formation and Loss of Social Relationships
Hurlemann, R., & Scheele, D. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.013 · Cited by 136
“In women, OXT also reduced salivary alpha-amylase, an index of sympathetic activity, whereas in men the peptide increased salivary alpha-amylase levels and emotional arousal during couple conflict (83).”
BackgroundOxytocin facilitates the sensation of social stress
Eckstein, M., Scheele, D., Weber, K., Stoffel‐Wagner, B., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2014) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.22508 · Cited by 119
“, 2013) or increased salivary alpha-amylase, a proxy of stress-related sympathetic activity (Ditzen et al., 2013).”
BackgroundEffects of single dose intranasal oxytocin on social cognition in schizophrenia
Davis, M. C., Lee, J., Horan, W. P., Clarke, A. D., McGee, M. R., Green, M. F., & Marder, S. R. (2013) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2013.04.023 · Cited by 124
Effects of Stress on the Social Support Provided by Men and Women in Intimate Relationships
Bodenmann, G., Meuwly, N., Germann, J., Nußbeck, F. W., Heinrichs, M., & Bradbury, T. N. (2015) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797615594616 · Cited by 121
“Intranasal administration of oxytocin before social interaction also generates distinct responses in men and women, increasing self-reported arousal and sympathetic nervous system activation for men and decreasing arousal and SNS activity for women (Ditzen et al., 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationEngel, S., Klusmann, H., Ditzen, B., Knaevelsrud, C., & Schumacher, S. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.11.002 · Cited by 128
Self-citationFlanagan, J. C., Sippel, L. M., Wahlquist, A., Moran-Santa Maria, M. M., & Back, S. E. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.12.014 · Cited by 117
“For example, previous research has shown that oxytocin effects can vary as a function of emotion regulation skills (Quirin et al., 2011), social context history of childhood maltreatment (Ebert et al., 2013; Flanagan et al., 2015), and sex (Ditzen et al., 2012; Rilling et al., 2014).”
Gouin, J.-P., Zhou, Q. Q., Booij, L., Boivin, M., Côté, S. M., Hébert, M., Ouellet‐Morin, I., Szyf, M., Tremblay, R. E., Turecki, G., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-07950-x · Cited by 106
Engert, V., Koester, A. M., Riepenhausen, A., & Singer, T. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.08.029 · Cited by 103
How the brain codes intimacy: The neurobiological substrates of romantic touch
Kreuder, A.-K., Scheele, D., Wassermann, L., Wollseifer, M., Stoffel-Wagner, B., Lee, M. R., Hennig, J., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23679 · Cited by 89
“, 2016; Young and Wang, 2004] and human [Ditzen et al., 2013; Feng et al., 2015; Hoge et al., 2014; Lischke et al., 2012; Scheele et al., 2014b; Yao et al., 2014] studies.”
BackgroundBehnia, B., Heinrichs, M., Bergmann, W., Jung, S., Germann, J., Schedlowski, M., Hartmann, U., & Kruger, T. H. C. (2014) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2014.01.009 · Cited by 103
“Thismay fit into current psychobiological considerations and findings of gender-specific functions of OXT and vasopressin (Ditzen et al., 2013; Meyer-Lindenberg et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFeng, C., Lori, A., Waldman, I. D., Binder, E. B., Haroon, E., & Rilling, J. K. (2015) · Genes, Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1111/gbb.12234 · Cited by 94
“In addition, OT administration increases ANS activity and emotional responses to couple conflict in males whereas decreases these physiological and subjective responses in females (Ditzen et al. 2012).”
BackgroundInfluentialOxytocin facilitates reciprocity in social communication
Spengler, F. B., Scheele, D., Marsh, N., Kofferath, C., Flach, A., Schwarz, S., Stoffel-Wagner, B., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx061 · Cited by 83
“Findings that marital satisfaction positively correlates with emotional expressiveness (King, 1993), could thus be driven in part by an OXT-induced increase in behavioral synchrony between partners in addition to other changes in communicative style (Ditzen et al., 2009; Ditzen et al., 2013).”
BackgroundEckstein, M., Markett, S. A., Kendrick, K. M., Ditzen, B., Liu, F., Hurlemann, R., & Becker, B. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.078 · Cited by 70
Self-citationJohnson, M. D., & Bradbury, T. N. (2015) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.12057 · Cited by 80
“…in the ability to collect and maintain oxytocin through saliva (Gyurak et al., 2013) and recent studies of the effects of oxytocin on emotional responses to couple conflict (Ditzen et al., 2013) suggest that there is promise in further research of the role of oxytocin in close relationships.”
BackgroundPowell, L., Guastella, A. J., McGreevy, P., Bauman, A., Edwards, K. M., & Stamatakis, E. (2019) · Journal of Veterinary Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.jveb.2018.10.008 · Cited by 63
Intimacy as Related to Cortisol Reactivity and Recovery in Couples Undergoing Psychosocial Stress
Ditzen, B., Germann, J., Meuwly, N., Bradbury, T. N., Bodenmann, G., & Heinrichs, M. (2018) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000633 · Cited by 62
Self-citationKraaijenvanger, E. J., He, Y., Spencer, H., Smith, A. K., Bos, P. A., & Boks, M. P. (2018) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.016 · Cited by 62
Szymanska, M., Schneider, M., Chateau‐Smith, C., Nezelof, S., & Vulliez‐Coady, L. (2017) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12544 · Cited by 54
Theodoridou, A., Penton-Voak, I. S., & Rowe, A. C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058113 · Cited by 51
“Indeed, this finding fits with the crucial function of OT as a female hormone in labor, bonding and parenting both in human- [54], [4] and nonhuman mammals [55] and is in agreement with recent experimental evidence pointing to the sex-dimorphic effects of OT nasal spray in humans [19], [45] [56], [57].”
ResultFlanagan, J. C., Hand, A., Jarnecke, A. M., Maria, M. M. M., Brady, K. T., & Joseph, J. E. (2018) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000197 · Cited by 47
“The relatively small sample size prevented us from explicitly examining sex differences in oxytocin response (Ditzen et al., 2013; Hoge et al., 2014; Lynn, Hoge, Fischer, Barrett, & Simon, 2014; Rilling et al., 2014), although the similar distribution by sex within groups partially mitigates this…”
Ma, X., Luo, L., Geng, Y., Zhao, W., Zhang, Q., & Kendrick, K. M. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00266 · Cited by 44
“Despite growing evidence for gender differences for OXT actions on physiological and emotional responses (Kubzansky et al., 2012; Ditzen et al., 2013; Fischer-Shofty et al., 2013; Rilling et al., 2014; Hoge et al., 2014; Yao et al., 2014) we found no clear evidence for this in the context of the…”
BackgroundEvidence for alterations in stimulatory G proteins and oxytocin levels in children with autism
Jacobson, J. D., Ellerbeck, K. A., Kelly, K., Fleming, K., Jamison, T. R., Coffey, C. W., Smith, C. M., Reese, R. M., & Sands, S. A. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.11.014 · Cited by 43
“…exhibits bidirectional interactions with the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis, hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis, the autonomic nervous system, as well as with other neurotransmitters such as dopamine, and serotonin (Ditzen et al., 2013; Windle et al., 2006; Nikolaeva et al., 2007).”
Oxytocin Signaling Pathway: From Cell Biology to Clinical Implications
Iovino, M., Messana, T., Tortora, A., Giusti, C., Lisco, G., Giagulli, V. A., Guastamacchia, E., Pergola, G. D., & Triggiani, V. (2020) · Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871530320666200520093730 · Cited by 39
Flanagan, J. C., Allan, N. P., Calhoun, C. D., Badour, C. L., Maria, M. M. M., Brady, K. T., & Back, S. E. (2018) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000232 · Cited by 43
“…the extensive literature linking heightened cortisol reactivity and long-term cortisol levels to numerous negative health risks and outcomes (Ennis et al., 2017; Wells et al., 2014), the current findings lend tentative support to the emerging hypothesis that oxytocin might be more effective…”
Tully, J., Gabay, A. S., Brown, D., Murphy, D., & Blackwood, N. (2017) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.11.017 · Cited by 39
“…cues in both sexes (McCall and Singer, 2012), sex has been shown to moderate the effect of oxytocin on social judgments (Hoge et al., 2014), autonomic nervous system and emotional responses to couple conflict (Ditzen et al., 2012), and amygdala response to social judgements (Gao et al., 2016).”
BackgroundOxytocin increases eye-gaze towards novel social and non-social stimuli
Eckstein, M., Bamert, V., Stephens, S. B. Z., Wallen, K., Young, L. J., Ehlert, U., & Ditzen, B. (2018) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2018.1542341 · Cited by 36
“More specifically, OT enhanced social behavior to support parent-infant bonding (Weisman, Zagoory-Sharon, & Feldman, 2012) and improved positive behavior during an instructed couple interaction task (Ditzen et al., 2009, 2012).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPowell, L., Edwards, K. M., Michael, S., McGreevy, P., Bauman, A., Guastella, A. J., Drayton, B., & Stamatakis, E. (2020) · Anthrozoös · doi:10.1080/08927936.2020.1694310 · Cited by 39
Xu, X., Yao, S., Xu, L., Geng, Y., Zhao, W., Ma, X., Kou, J., Luo, R., & Kendrick, K. M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep40589 · Cited by 33
Oxytocin improves compassion toward women among patients with PTSD
Palgi, S., Klein, E., & Shamay‐Tsoory, S. (2015) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.11.008 · Cited by 42
Sex-specific effects of music listening on couples’ stress in everyday life.
Wuttke-Linnemann, A., Nater, U. M., Ehlert, U., & Ditzen, B. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40056-0 · Cited by 34
Self-citationCommentary: Oxytocin-gaze positive loop and the coevolution of human–dog bonds
Kekecs, Z., Szollosi, A., Pálfi, B., Szászi, B., Kovács, K., Dienes, Z. P., & Aczél, B. (2016) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00155 · Cited by 37
“10:155. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00155”
InfluentialOxytocin and social anxiety: Interactions with sex hormones
Schneider, E., Müller, L. E., Ditzen, B., Herpertz, S. C., & Bertsch, K. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105224 · Cited by 33
Self-citationLaurent, H. K., Laurent, S. M., Nelson, B., Wright, D. B., & De Araujo Sanchez, M.-A. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-014-0377-0 · Cited by 31
“Couples’ positive cognitions about and engagement in a conflict discussion have been related to increased sAA levels in response to the conflict paired with quicker reactivity/recovery dynamics overall (Ditzen et al. 2013; Laurent et al. 2013b).”
BackgroundWhen attachment anxiety impedes support provision: The role of feeling unvalued and unappreciated.
Jayamaha, S. D., Girme, Y. U., & Overall, N. C. (2016) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/fam0000222 · Cited by 31
Neuroimaging and behavioral evidence of sex-specific effects of oxytocin on human sociality
Procyshyn, T. L., Dupertuys, J., & Bartz, J. A. (2024) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2024.06.010 · Cited by 30
Witteveen, A. B., Stramrood, C. A. I., Henrichs, J., Flanagan, J. C., van Pampus, M. G., & Olff, M. (2019) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-019-00994-0 · Cited by 33
Oxytocin and interpersonal relationships
Patin, A., Scheele, D., & Hurlemann, R. (2017) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2017_22 · Cited by 32
“OT seems to strengthen the positive aspects of intimate couple relationships, for example by dampening increased sympathetic activity and increasing positive behavior during couple conflict (Ditzen et al. 2009, 2013).”
BackgroundOxytocin for learning calm and safety
Eckstein, M., de Minas, A. C. A., Scheele, D., Kreuder, A., Hurlemann, R., Grinevich, V., & Ditzen, B. (2018) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.06.004 · Cited by 28
Self-citationPerspective-taking influences autonomic attunement between partners during discussion of conflict
Nelson, B. W., Laurent, S. M., Bernstein, R., & Laurent, H. K. (2017) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407515626595 · Cited by 25
“…dynamic sAA reactivity and quick recovery to baseline levels were associated with a higher ratio of positive/negative behaviors and less perceived negativity during couples conflict, as well as positive anticipation of a conflict discussion (Ditzen et al., 2013; Laurent, Powers, & Granger, 2013).”
BackgroundFlanagan, J. C., Fischer, M. S., Nietert, P. J., Back, S. E., Maria, M. M.-S., Snead, A., & Brady, K. T. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.003 · Cited by 27
Oxytocin and social context moderate social support seeking in women during negative memory recall
Cardoso, C., Valkanas, H., Serravalle, L., & Ellenbogen, M. A. (2016) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.05.001 · Cited by 29
Dyadic Coping and Its Underlying Neuroendocrine Mechanisms – Implications for Stress Regulation
Zietlow, A., Eckstein, M., Hernández, C., Nonnenmacher, N., Reck, C., Schaer, M., Bodenmann, G., Heinrichs, M., & Ditzen, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02600 · Cited by 22
Self-citationFlanagan, J. C., Sippel, L. M., Maria, M. M. M., Hartwell, K. J., Brady, K. T., & Joseph, J. E. (2019) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1606626 · Cited by 29
“In the current study, groups were balanced by sex because sex is known to influence oxytocin responses (Ditzen et al., 2012; Flanagan et al., 2018a; Rilling et al., 2014).”
BackgroundOxytocin Modulates the Cognitive Appraisal of the Own and Others Close Intimate Relationships
Aguilar‐Raab, C., Eckstein, M., Geracitano, S., Prévost, M., Gold, I., Heinrichs, M., Bilderbeck, A. C., Ehlert, U., & Ditzen, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00714 · Cited by 24
Self-citationWang, X., Escobar, J. B., & Mendelowitz, D. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22168510 · Cited by 20
“Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit diminished attention, engagement and orienting to exogenous stimuli, and it has been suggested that atypical LC-NA activity is involved in aberrant mental focus and responsiveness in children with ASD [3].”
BackgroundSchultebraucks, K., Maslahati, T., Wingenfeld, K., Hellmann‐Regen, J., Kraft, J., Kownatzki, M., Behnia, B., Ripke, S., Otte, C., & Roepke, S. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01247-4 · Cited by 23
Oxytocin and vasopressin increase male-directed threats and vocalizations in female macaques
Jiang, Y., & Platt, M. L. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-36332-0 · Cited by 20
Coenjaerts, M., Adrovic, B., Trimborn, I., Philipsen, A., Hurlemann, R., & Scheele, D. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-29754-y · Cited by 17
Kasos, E., Kasos, K., Pusztai, F., Polyák, Á., Kovács, K. J., & Varga, K. (2018) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2018.1495009 · Cited by 20
“In the present study, only female participants were chosen, in line with emerging research that posits that when females take no oral contraceptives (or any other medication containing hormones) they are ideal subjects when it comes to OT research (Ditzen et al., 2013; Feldman, Gordon, & Zagoory-Sharon, 2010; Insel &…”
BackgroundMethodGettler, L., Sarma, M., Lew-Levy, S., Bond, A. B., Trumble, B., & Boyette, A. (2019) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.1367 · Cited by 17
“…distress and the burden of anxiety when such con‐ flict occurs may fall more heavily on females, which might then be re‐ flected in their psychobiological profiles of relatively lower T and higher OT (van Anders et al., 2011; Ditzen et al., 2012; Grebe et al., 2017; Taylor et al., 2006).”
BackgroundGenomic conflicts and sexual antagonism in human health: insights from oxytocin and testosterone
Mökkönen, M., & Crespi, B. J. (2015) · Evolutionary Applications · doi:10.1111/eva.12244 · Cited by 18
“responses and emotional arousal in females, increases them in males Ditzen et al. (2013)”
BackgroundOxytocin's impact on social face processing is stronger in homosexual than heterosexual men
Thienel, M., Heinrichs, M., Fischer, S., Ott, V., Jan Born, A., & Hallschmid, M. (2013) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.013 · Cited by 18
“…to generally increase positive behavior during a couple conflict (e.g., eye contact and self-disclosure) in both men and women (Ditzen et al., 2009) and furthermore increases salivary alpha-amylase as a marker of sympathetic activity as well as emotional arousal in men (Ditzen et al., 2012).”
Self-citationEffects of Intranasal Oxytocin Administration on Sexual Functions in Healthy Women
Krüger, T. H. C., Deiter, F., Zhang, Y., Jung, S., Schippert, C., Kahl, K. G., Heinrichs, M., Schedlowski, M., & Hartmann, U. H. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000000863 · Cited by 17
“These findings might fit well with regard to gender-specific functions of OXT in experiencing sexual encounters and perceiving sexual arousal.(2,40) Thus, males may primarily focus on sexual functions or performance, whereas females put more focus on emotional and relationship aspects.”
BackgroundSelf-citationJarnecke, A. M., Barden, E. P., Back, S. E., Brady, K. T., & Flanagan, J. C. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.003 · Cited by 16
“For example, sex differences in OT response have been extensively documented (Ditzen et al., 2013; Flanagan et al., 2018a; Lynn et al., 2014; Rilling et al., 2014).”
BackgroundZheng, X., & Kendrick, K. M. (2021) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.652473 · Cited by 17
“On the other hand, intranasal oxytocin has been shown to promote relationship repairing responses more in men than in women (Ditzen et al., 2013; Xu et al., 2017).”
BackgroundZhang, K., Fan, Y., Yu, R., Tian, Y., Liu, J., & Gong, P. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105369 · Cited by 18
Coenjaerts, M., Trimborn, I., Adrovic, B., Stoffel‐Wagner, B., Cahill, L. F., Philipsen, A., Hurlemann, R., & Scheele, D. (2022) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119689 · Cited by 17
“, 2014), and emotional responses to couple conflict (Ditzen et al., 2013).”
BackgroundDitzen, B., Eckstein, M., Fischer, M. S., & Aguilar‐Raab, C. (2019) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-019-00379-9 · Cited by 14
“Der allgemeineWirkmechanismus läge dann in der Stressreduktion, würde jedoch abhängig von Geschlecht und Beziehungskontext moduliert.”
Self-citationEinfluss von Paarinteraktion auf die Gesundheit
Frisch, J., Aguilar‐Raab, C., Eckstein, M., & Ditzen, B. (2017) · Psychotherapeut · doi:10.1007/s00278-016-0153-9 · Cited by 16
Self-citationOxytocin reduces the link between neural and affective responses after social exclusion
Petereit, P., Rinn, C., Stemmler, G., & Mueller, E. M. (2019) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.05.002 · Cited by 15
Razo, R. A., Vázquez, M. D. L. V., Turcanu, P., Legrand, M., Lau, A. R., Weinstein, T. A. R., Goetze, L. R., & Bales, K. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.877631 · Cited by 13
Facial threat affects trust more strongly than facial attractiveness in women than it does in men
Brustkern, J., Heinrichs, M., Walker, M., & Schiller, B. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-01775-5 · Cited by 11
Self-citationNeurotransmitter Function in Impulsive Aggression and Intermittent Explosive Disorder
Fanning, J. R., Lee, R., & Coccaro, E. F. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119159322.ch10 · Cited by 11
Effects of intranasal oxytocin and positive couple interaction on immune factors in skin wounds
Ditzen, B., Aguilar‐Raab, C., Winter, F., Hernández, C., Schneider, E., Bodenmann, G., Heinrichs, M., Ehlert, U., & Läuchli, S. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.08.011 · Cited by 11
“, 2009), affected emotional and sympathetic responses in a sex-dependent manner (Ditzen et al., 2013), increased pupil dilation (as an indicator of norepinephrine driven processes) and eye-gaze to bonding-related and socially neutral stimuli (Eckstein et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationDumais, K. M., & Veenema, A. H. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-802114-9.00011-1 · Cited by 11
A narrative review of mechanisms linking romantic relationship experiences to sleep quality
Xie, Y., & Feeney, B. C. (2024) · SLEEP Advances · doi:10.1093/sleepadvances/zpae049 · Cited by 12
“Moreover, researchers have found that oxytocin administration increased positive communication [124], reduced cortisol and autonomic arousal during couple conflict [127], and increased people’s appraisal of positive aspects of their relationships [128].”
BackgroundBernhard, A., Kirchner, M., Martinelli, A., Ackermann, K., Kohls, G., González-Madruga, K., Wells, A. E., Fernández‐Rivas, A., de Artaza, M. G., Raschle, N. M., et al. (2021) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.03.016 · Cited by 11
Doerr, J. M., Klaus, K., Troxel, W., Nater, U. M., Bodenmann, G., Heinrichs, M., Ehlert, U., & Ditzen, B. (2022) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000001091 · Cited by 9
“This is in line with research showing a stronger negative effect of intranasal OT on autonomic arousal (measured with salivary α-amylase (23)), as well as a stronger positive effect on feelings of relaxation in women than in men (58).”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationFlanagan, J. C., Mitchell, J., Baker, N. L., Woolley, J. D., Wangelin, B. C., Back, S. E., McQuaid, J. R., Neylan, T. C., Wolfe, W. R., & Brady, K. T. (2020) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2020.106074 · Cited by 10
Flanagan, J. C., Joseph, J. E., Nietert, P. J., Back, S. E., & McCrady, B. S. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2019.05.002 · Cited by 8
Maslahati, T., Wingenfeld, K., Hellmann‐Regen, J., Kraft, J., Lyu, J., Keinert, M., Voß, A. L., Cho, A. B., Ripke, S., Otte, C., et al. (2023) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-023-02339-z · Cited by 10
An evolutionary perspective on oxytocin and its behavioral effects
Gangestad, S. W. (2015) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.08.016 · Cited by 8
Phenomenological Experiences during Active-Alert Hypnosis: Comparison of Hypnotist and Subject
Kasos, E., Kasos, K., Költő, A., Józsa, E., & Varga, K. (2020) · International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis · doi:10.1080/00207144.2020.1802733 · Cited by 7
In Search of Biomarkers for Biobehavioural and Psychiatric Taxonomies
Trofimova, I. N., & Netter, P. (2021) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000514409 · Cited by 7
Effects of intranasal oxytocin on fear extinction learning
Rashidi, M., Simon, J. J., Bertsch, K., Wegen, G. V., Ditzen, B., Flor, H., Grinevich, V., Wolf, R. C., & Herpertz, S. C. (2024) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-024-01996-y · Cited by 5
Self-citationDamian, S. I., David, S. M., Nour, M., Haliţchi, G. L., Ciurlea, S. A., Ştefanache, A., Duma, O.-O., Călin, G., & Spaiuc, D. (2026) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines14030571 · Cited by 6
“A critical challenge in intranasal delivery is that the response to neuropeptides like oxytocin and NPY is often sexually dimorphic; for instance, oxytocin has been shown to reduce sympathetic nervous system activity in women while increasing it in men during identical social stressors [183–185].”
Maslahati, T., Schultebraucks, K., Gómez, M. G., Hellmann‐Regen, J., Otte, C., Wingenfeld, K., & Roepke, S. (2023) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2023.2282003 · Cited by 5
Improved conflict resolution in romantic couples in mediation compared to negotiation
Bogacz, F., Pun, T., & Klimecki, O. (2020) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-020-00622-8 · Cited by 9
Intranasal oxytocin has sympathoexcitatory effects on vascular tone in healthy males
Meusel, M., i, M. H., Machleidt, F., Franzen, K. F., Vonthein, R., & Sayk, F. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00062.2020 · Cited by 5
Maoz, H., Grossman‐Giron, A., Baruch, N., Sedoff, O., Mama, Y., Nitzan, U., & Bitan, D. T. (2024) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116269 · Cited by 4
Rankins, E. M., Quinn, A., McKeever, K. H., & Malinowski, K. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1390212 · Cited by 5
Berger, R., Hurlemann, R., Shamay‐Tsoory, S., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.10.30.23297746 · Cited by 4
Why Does It Feel So Good to Care for Others and for Myself?
Birkett, M., & Sasaki, J. Y. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809837-0.00007-6 · Cited by 3
Flanagan, J. C., Nietert, P. J., McCrady, B. S., Sellers, S., Yates-Johnson, A., Giff, S. T., & Forkus, S. R. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.24m15627 · Cited by 4
Hormonal Mechanisms of In-Pair Mating and Maintenance
Denes, A., Crowley, J. P., & Dhillon, A. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197524718.013.13 · Cited by 3
Szymanska, M., Chateau‐Smith, C., Monnin, J., Andrieu, P., Girard, F., Galdon, L., Schneider, M., Pazart, L., Nezelof, S., & Vulliez‐Coady, L. (2016) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.5643 · Cited by 2
“Although some studies [69-72] have underlined the importance of investigating the effects of IN-OT on adult females, given the risk factors (eg, uterine contraction and menstrual cycle disturbance) for female adolescents in non-clinical environments, this experimental research will be conducted…”
Solomon, D. T., Nietert, P. J., Calhoun, C. D., Smith, D. W., Back, S. E., Barden, E. P., Brady, K. T., & Flanagan, J. C. (2018) · Couple and Family Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/cfp0000103 · Cited by 2
“For example, one study found that intranasal doses of OT administered prior to a couple conflict task was associated with a decrease of salivary alpha-amylase (a marker of emotional arousal) in women, but the opposite was true in men (Ditzen et al., 2013).”
InfluentialCoenjaerts, M., Trimborn, I., Adrovic, B., Stoffel‐Wagner, B., Cahill, L. F., Philipsen, A., Hurlemann, R., & Scheele, D. (2021) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2021.11.22.469500 · Cited by 2
“Interestingly, ESTtra*OXTint interactions may have contributed to the modulatory effects of hormonal contraception([66]) and to the sex-specific effects of OXTint that have been found in various domains, including fear-related amygdala reactivity([35]), the perception of competition,([67]) moral decision-making,([30])…”
BackgroundMaslahati, T., Wingenfeld, K., Hellmann‐Regen, J., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2166294/v1 · Cited by 2
The Effect of Intranasal Oxytocin on Sexual Function in Men and Women: A Systematic Review
Mirghafourvand, M., & Ghorbani, Z. (2022) · Current Drug Therapy · doi:10.2174/1574885517666220823164357 · Cited by 1
Comparative Perspectives on the Function of Oxytocin in Fish and Mammals
Yokoi, S., Young, L. J., & Takeuchi, H. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-5359-0_8 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Ditzen, B., Nater, U. M., Schaer, M., La Marca, R., Bodenmann, G., Ehlert, U., & Heinrichs, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- Venue
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-07-27
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 897-902
- ISSN
- 1749-5016 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-5024
- PMC
- PMC3831552
- OpenAlex
- W2121447055
- Semantic Scholar
- 224727ce6d6ca76c56be4299d7c57d79813c393f
- Cited by
- 112
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 3.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften digital collection (Zurich University of Applied Sciences) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- FreiDok plus (Universitätsbibliothek Freiburg) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- ZHAW Digital Collection
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (108392, 114788)
- Universität Zürich (PP001-114788)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- oxytocin, couple conflict, autonomic nervous system, salivary amylase, sympathetic activity, emotional arousal, sex differences, intranasal administration, interpersonal stress, romantic relationships
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Intranasal, Adult, Autonomic Nervous System, Conflict, Psychological, Double-Blind Method, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxytocin, Saliva, Sex Characteristics, Stress, Psychological, Young Adult
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