Mapping of cortical activity in the first two decades of life: a high-density sleep electroencephalogram study
Open accessAbstract
Evidence that electroencephalography (EEG) slow-wave activity (SWA) (EEG spectral power in the 1–4.5 Hz band) during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) reflects plastic changes is increasing (Tononi and Cirelli, 2006). Regional assessment of gray matter development from neuroimaging studies reveals a posteroanterior trajectory of cortical maturation in the first three decades of life (Shaw et al., 2008). Our aim was to test whether this regional cortical maturation is reflected in regional changes of sleep SWA. We evaluated all-night high-density EEG (128 channels) in 55 healthy human subjects (2.4–19.4 years) and assessed age-related changes in NREM sleep topography. As in adults, we observed frequency-specific topographical distributions of sleep EEG power in all subjects. However, from early childhood to late adolescence, the location on the scalp showing maximal SWA underwent a shift from posterior to anterior regions. This shift along the posteroanterior axis was only present in the SWA frequency range and remained stable across the night. Changes in the topography of SWA during sleep parallel neuroimaging study findings indicating cortical maturation starts early in posterior areas and spreads rostrally over the frontal cortex. Thus, SWA might reflect the underlying processes of cortical maturation. In the future, sleep SWA assessments may be used as a clinical tool to detect aberrations in cortical maturation.
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Across late adolescence and early adulthood the continued decline in slow wave sleep may accompany the increasing myelination of frontal regions.
“Across late adolescence and early adulthood the continued decline in SWS may accompany the increasing myelination of frontal regions (Kurth et al., 2010).”
From Physiological feelings (2019) · cites this paper as Kurth et al., 2010
The Discussion reports that slow-wave activity declines during adolescence and relates its developmental pattern to cortical maturation. It discusses synaptic pruning, not increasing frontal myelination, and the study's participants were aged 2.4–19.4 years, so it does not establish a continued decline in early adulthood. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe EEG during SWS shows developmental changes: amplitude and slope of slow waves and SWA increase until puberty at 10-12 years to levels higher than adults, then decrease.
“The EEG during SWS also shows typical changes during development: the amplitude and slope of slow waves as well as SWA (i.e., spectral power in the 0.5-4 Hz band, including both Ͻ1 Hz slow oscillation and 1-4 Hz delta activity) increases until the beginning of puberty at the age of 10 -12 years to levels distinctly higher than in adults, and thereafter starts to decrease (169, 604, 680).”
From About Sleep's Role in Memory (2013) · cites this paper as [680]
The Introduction and Discussion describe SWA increasing until shortly before puberty and then declining through adolescence; the Discussion says the authors also observed the adolescent decline. The copy does not establish the same trajectory for slow-wave amplitude and slope, specify a peak at ages 10–12, or show levels distinctly higher than adults. It defines SWA as 1–4.5 Hz rather than the cited sentence’s 0.5–4 Hz. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Does sleep help prevent forgetting rewarded memory representations in children and adults?
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Contreras, M. P., Fechner, J., Born, J., & Inostroza, M. (2023) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1967-22.2023 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Kurth, S., Ringli, M., Geiger, A., LeBourgeois, M., Jenni, O. G., & Huber, R.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huber, Reto
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2010-10-06
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 40
- Pages
- 13211-13219
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3010358
- OpenAlex
- W2152960647
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 12.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (114923)
- Universität Zürich
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH074643)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- cortical maturation, slow-wave activity, sleep EEG, gray matter development, childhood to adolescence
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Aging, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Child, Preschool, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Nerve Net, Neural Pathways, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Sleep, Young Adult
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