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Cited by 16Sleep and related disordersEducational Outcomes and InfluencesHigher Education Research Studies

Sleep disparities in the first month of college: Implications for academic achievement

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Bermudez, Vanessa N, Fearon-Drake, Danielle, Wheelis, Meaghann, Cohenour, Michelle, Suntai, Zainab, Scullin, Michael K·2022·SLEEP Advances
DOI 10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac041PMC PMC10104382
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Abstract

Study Objective: We investigated sleep disparities and academic achievement in college. Methods: Participants were 6,002 first-year college students attending a midsize private university in the southern United States [62.0% female, 18.8% first-generation, 37.4% Black, Indigenous, or People of Color (BIPOC) students]. During the first 3–5 weeks of college, students reported their typical weekday sleep duration, which we classified as short sleep (<7 hours), normal sleep (7–9 hours), or long sleep (>9 hours). Results: The odds for short sleep were significantly greater in BIPOC students (95% CI: 1.34–1.66) and female students (95% CI: 1.09–1.35), and the odds for long sleep were greater in BIPOC students (95% CI: 1.38–3.08) and first-generation students (95% CI: 1.04–2.53). In adjusted models, financial burden, employment, stress, STEM academic major, student athlete status, and younger age explained unique variance in sleep duration, fully mediating disparities for females and first-generation students (but only partially mediating disparities for BIPOC students). Short and long sleep predicted worse GPA across students’ first year in college, even after controlling for high school academic index, demographics, and psychosocial variables. Conclusions: Higher education should address sleep health early in college to help remove barriers to success and reduce disparities.

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  • Poor sleep and low PA levels are associated with poorer cognitive functioning, stress management, and academic outcomes.

    “Previous studies have reported that poor sleep and low PA levels are associated with poorer cognitive functioning, stress management, and academic outcomes [14,28].”

    From Relationships Between Physical Activity, Sleep, Psychological Well-Being, and Academic Performance Among Native American College Students (2026) · cites this paper as [28]

    The Introduction’s “Academic Achievement” section links poor sleep to impaired memory and attention, increased stress reactivity and poor coping, and lower GPA. The General Discussion’s “Sleep and Academic Achievement” section makes the same connection, but neither section establishes the claimed association for low physical activity (PA) levels; exercise is mentioned only as another habit. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)

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  • Insufficient sleep is associated with impaired cognitive functioning.

    “Studies have also reported that insufficient sleep is associated with impaired cognitive functioning, further underscoring the importance of good sleep for PWB [26,28].”

    From Relationships Between Physical Activity, Sleep, Psychological Well-Being, and Academic Performance Among Native American College Students (2026) · cites this paper as [28]

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Bermudez, V. N., Fearon-Drake, D., Wheelis, M., Cohenour, M., Suntai, Z., & Scullin, M. K.
Affiliations
  • Baylor University (US)
  • Office of Institutional Research, Baylor University , USA
Corresponding author
Scullin, Michael K
ORCID
Venue
SLEEP Advances
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2022-01-01
Volume
3
Issue
1
Pages
zpac041-zpac041
ISSN
2632-5012 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1093/sleepadvances/zpac041
PMC
PMC10104382
OpenAlex
W4308506810
Cited by
16
References
15
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3
FWCI
2.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • SLEEP Advances (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Science Foundation (1920730, 1943323)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Social Sciences › Education › Educational Outcomes and Influences
  • Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
Keywords
sleep duration, sleep disparities, first-year college students, academic performance, grade point average, BIPOC students, first-generation college students, gender differences, financial burden, student employment, academic stress, student athletes, STEM majors, sleep health

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