Cited by 268Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderPharmaceutical studies and practicesNeuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations

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Stimulant Medications

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GREENHILL, LAURENCE L., HALPERIN, JEFFREY M., ABIKOFF, HOWARD·1999·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry

DOI 10.1097/00004583-199905000-00011

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To review the short- and long-term safety and efficacy of stimulants for the treatment of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD: A Medline search was conducted for both randomized controlled trials and reviews to determine the efficacy and safety of stimulant drugs for treating children with ADHD. Information was obtained on adverse events associated with their use, including their impact on height and weight gain during childhood. Animal data were reviewed for information on tolerance, sensitization, and the impact of high-dose stimulant effects on neurons and on the development of hepatic tumors. Human data on dopamine transporter occupancy by stimulants were also included. RESULTS: Stimulant treatment studies show robust short-term efficacy and a good safety profile. Longer-term studies are few in number but have produced no conclusive evidence that careful therapeutic use of these medications is harmful. CONCLUSION: Current evidence indicates that stimulants show efficacy and safety in studies lasting up to 24 months.

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Authors: GREENHILL, L. L., HALPERIN, J. M., & ABIKOFF, H.
Affiliations: Queens College, CUNY (US)
Corresponding author: GREENHILL, LAURENCE L.
ORCID: GREENHILL, LAURENCE L.
HALPERIN, JEFFREY M.
ABIKOFF, HOWARD
Venue: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1999-05
Volume: 38
Issue: 5
Pages: 503-512
ISSN: 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199905000-00011
OpenAlex: W4250858368
Cited by: 268
References: 54
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 3.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor, 4266 d)
Locations: Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (5-UO1-MH5045402, U01MH050454)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pharmaceutical studies and practices
Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
Keywords: stimulant medication, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, children, long-term safety, efficacy, adverse events, weight gain, height gain, tolerance (pharmacology and immunology), sensitization, liver tumors
MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Body Constitution, Child, Humans, Weight Gain, Treatment Outcome

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