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Cited by 120Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderPersonality Disorders and Psychopathology

Whatʼs in a Disruptive Disorder? Temperamental Antecedents of Oppositional Defiant Disorder: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study

Stringaris, Argyris, Maughan, Barbara, Goodman, Robert·2010·Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
DOI 10.1097/00004583-201005000-00008
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Abstract

Objective Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is classified as a disruptive disorder, but shows a wide range of associations with other psychopathology, including internalizing problems. The reasons for these associations are unclear. Here we test the hypothesis that two distinct early temperamental precursors-emotionality and activity-underlie ODD and differentially predict its comorbidities. Method The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) community-based representative sample was used. Temperamental dimensions at the age of 38 months were derived through exploratory factor analysis from the Emotionality Activity Sociability (EAS) scale and used in logistic regression predicting to psychiatric diagnoses at the age of 91 months. Results Pure ODD was predicted by both emotionality (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.34, CI = 1.09 to 1.66) and activity (RRR = 1.39, CI = 1.07 to 1.81). The strongest predictions were from early temperament to ODD with comorbidity: from emotionality to ODD plus internalizing disorders (RRR = 3.33, CI = 2.14 to 5.19), and from activity to ODD plus ADHD (RRR = 3.24, CI = 1.48 to 7.11). Temperamental activity was a predictor of the hyperactive-impulsive and combined types of ADHD but not of the inattentive type. Conclusions Classified as a disruptive disorder, ODD is predicted by early emotion dysregulation as well as by high levels of temperamental activity. The findings of this study suggest that early emotionality and activity differentially contribute to the phenotype of ODD in middle childhood and may determine its range of co-occurrence with other psychopathology. Taking into account the heterogeneous origins of childhood oppositionality may help to refine clinical approaches to ODD.

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  • A longitudinal study of 7,140 children found that temperamental emotionality at age 3 predicted comorbid ADHD and internalizing disorders at age 7.

    “A longitudinal study of 7,140 children, found that while temperamental emotionality at age 3 predicted comorbid ADHD and internalizing disorders at age 7, activity level predicted comorbid ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (63).”

    From Emotion Dysregulation in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [63]

  • In 79 children with ADHD, emotion dysregulation was associated four years later with more psychiatric comorbidities, greater social impairment and ADHD persistence, compared to 98 subjects with ADHD without emotion dysregulation and 204 controls.

    “Such emotion dysregulation in 79 children with ADHD was associated four years later with more psychiatric comorbidities, greater social impairment and ADHD persistence, compared to 98 subjects with ADHD without emotion dysregulation and 204 controls.”

    From Emotion Dysregulation in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [66]

  • In the same longitudinal study, activity level predicted comorbid ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder at age 7.

    “A longitudinal study of 7,140 children, found that while temperamental emotionality at age 3 predicted comorbid ADHD and internalizing disorders at age 7, activity level predicted comorbid ADHD and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (63).”

    From Emotion Dysregulation in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2014) · cites this paper as [63]

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Authors
Stringaris, A., Maughan, B., & Goodman, R.
Affiliations
King's College London (GB)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2010-05
Volume
49
Issue
5
Pages
474-483
ISSN
0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1097/00004583-201005000-00008
OpenAlex
W2088289324
Cited by
120
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 7
FWCI
10.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Wellcome Trust
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Keywords
oppositional defiant disorder, disruptive behavior disorders, temperament, emotionality, activity level, emotional dysregulation, ADHD comorbidity, internalizing disorders, early childhood, middle childhood, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
MeSH terms
Affective Symptoms, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Mental Disorders, Child, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Risk Factors, Comorbidity, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Mood Disorders

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