Temperament as a unifying basis for personality and psychopathology.

Clark, Lee Anna

doi:10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.505

Cited by 796Personality Disorders and PsychopathologyPersonality Traits and PsychologyMental Health Research Topics

Temperament as a unifying basis for personality and psychopathology.

Clark, Lee Anna·2005·Journal of Abnormal Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.505

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Abstract

Personality and psychopathology long have been viewed as related domains, but the precise nature of their relations remains unclear. Through most of the 20th century, they were studied as separate fields; within psychopathology, clinical syndromes were separated from personality disorders in 1980. This division led to the revelation of substantial overlap among disorders both within and across axes and to the joint study of normal and abnormal personality. The author reviews these literatures and proposes an integrative framework to explain personality-psychopathology relations: Three broad, innate temperament dimensions--negative affectivity, positive affectivity, and disinhibition--differentiate through both biologically and environmentally based developmental processes into a hierarchical personality trait structure and, at their extremes, are risk factors (diatheses) for psychopathology, especially given adverse life experiences (stress).

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Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality (SNAP)
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Personality, temperament, and character dimensions and the DSM-IV personality disorders in substance abusers.
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Kinds of Kinds: A Conceptual Taxonomy of Psychiatric Categories
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The Optimal Level of Measurement for Personality Constructs
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Does fluoxetine influence major depression by modifying five-factor personality traits?
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Impulsivity, gender, and response to fenfluramine challenge in borderline personality disorder
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Special Feature: Extent of Comorbidity Between Mental State and Personality Disorders
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Personality and depression : a current view
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Dependency, Impulsivity and Self-Harm: Traits Hypothesized to Underlie the Association Between Cluster B Personality and Substance Use Disorders
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Edwards Personal Preference Schedule
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The relationship between Eysenck’s P-E-N model of personality, the five-factor model of personality, and traits delineating personality dysfunction
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Cyclical processes in personality and psychopathology.
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Fourteen dimensions of temperament.
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Models of relationships between personality and depression: Toward a framework for theory and research.
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Personality and psychopathology: Genetic perspectives.
Carey, G., & DiLalla, D. L. (1994) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.103.1.32 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Symptom subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder and their relation to dissociation
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Differentiation of Axis I and Axis II disorders.
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Personality-related characteristics in restricting versus binging and purging eating disordered patients
Vervaet, M., Heeringen, C. V., & Audenaert, K. (2003) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2003.09.008 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
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Differentiation of Axis I and Axis II disorders.
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Comorbidity and taxometrics.
Meehl, P. E. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.8.4.507 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Personality dimensions in social phobics with or without depression
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The Representation of Four Personality Disorders by the Schedule for Nonadaptive and Adaptive Personality Dimensional Model of Personality.
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The contribution of personality to the overlap between antisocial behavior and substance use/misuse
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Dimensional Personality Profiles of Borderline Personality Disorder in Comparison with Other Personality Disorders and Healthy Controls
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A neurobiological framework for the structure of personality and emotion: Implications for personality disorders.
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It Does Take a Village
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The Overlap Of Depressive Personality Disorder and Dysthymia: A Categorical Problem With a Dimensional Solution
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Cyclical processes in personality and psychopathology.
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DAPP-BQ: Factor Structure and Relations to Personality Disorder Symptoms in a Non-Clinical Sample
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Patterns of Comorbidity among DSM-III-R Personality Disorders
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Evaluating the continuity of symptomatology between depressed and nondepressed individuals.
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Validation of the tridimensional personality questionnaire in a sample of male drug users
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Comparison of the effects of fluoxetine, imipramine and placebo on personality in atypical depression
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Comorbidity of Antisocial Personality and Mood Disorders among Psychoactive Substance-Dependent Treatment Clients
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Personality Factors Associated With Dissociation: Temperament, Defenses, and Cognitive Schemata
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A neurobehavioral dimensional model.
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Genetic influences on the association between personality risk factors and alcohol use and abuse.
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Sleep EEG findings in ICD-10 borderline personality disorder in Egypt
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Difficult temperament in childhood and adulthood: continuity from maternal perceptions to self-ratings over 17 years
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Personality and psychopathology: A historical perspective.
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The Relationship Between Five-Factor Personality Measurements and ICD-10 Personality Disorder Dimensions: Results from a Sample of 229 Subjects
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Personality and psychopathology: A historical perspective.
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Applications of Taxometric Methods to Problems of Comorbidity: Perspectives and Challenges
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What dimensions underlie cluster B personality disorders?
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The Relation Between Depressive Symptoms and Borderline Personality Disorder Features Over Time in Dysthymic Disorder
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The relationship between parental diagnosis, offspring temperament and offspring psychopathology: a longitudinal analysis
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Evaluating NEO Personality Inventory - Revised Profiles in Veterans With Personality Disorders
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Behavior Genetics: What's New? What's Next?
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Comorbidity and Taxometrics
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Subtypes, Specifiers, Epicycles, and Eccentrics: Toward a More Parsimonious Taxonomy of Psychopathology
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Rates of Personality Disorders in Substance Abusers: A Comparison Between DSM-III-R and DSM-IV
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Personality Development: An Introduction Toward Process Approaches to Long‐Term Stability and Change in Persons
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A genetic and environmental analysis of the California Psychological Inventory using adult twins reared apart and together
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Shared, Not Unique, Components of Personality and Psychosocial Functioning Predict Depression Severity After Acute-phase Cognitive Therapy
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A Convergent Validity Study of Cloninger's Temperament and Character Inventory with the Coolidge Axis II Inventory
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Dimensions of temperament and bright light response in seasonal affective disorder
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PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONING IN DEPRESSED PATIENTS
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Cattell's System from the Perspective of Mainstream Personality Theory
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The Structure and Stability of Common Mental Disorders: The NEMESIS Study
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The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A dimensional alternative to traditional nosologies.
Kotov, R., Krueger, R. F., Watson, D., Achenbach, T. M., Althoff, R. R., Bagby, R. M., Brown, T. A., Carpenter, W. T., Caspi, A., Clark, L. A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000258 · Cited by 3,335 · see citing works
Self-citation
Linking “big” personality traits to anxiety, depressive, and substance use disorders: A meta-analysis
Kotov, R., Gamez, W., Schmidt, F., & Watson, D. (2010) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0020327 · Cited by 2,677 · see citing works
Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.
Sowislo, J. F., & Orth, U. (2013) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028931 · Cited by 2,123 · see citing works
Comorbidity: a network perspective
Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L. J., van der Maas, H. L. J., & Borsboom, D. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09991567 · Cited by 1,575 · see citing works
Reinterpreting comorbidity: a model-based approach to understanding and classifying psychopathology
Krueger, R. F., & Markon, K. E. (2006) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.2.022305.095213 · Cited by 1,171 · see citing works
Emotion-based dispositions to rash action: positive and negative urgency
Cyders, M. A., & Smith, G. T. (2008) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0013341 · Cited by 1,136 · see citing works
Plate tectonics in the classification of personality disorder: Shifting to a dimensional model.
Widiger, T. A., & Trull, T. J. (2007) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.62.2.71 · Cited by 957 · see citing works
The Future of Emotion Regulation Research: Capturing Context
Aldao, A. (2013) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691612459518 · Cited by 948 · see citing works
The Nature, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neuroticism: Back to the Future
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Authors: Clark, L. A.
Affiliations: University of Iowa (US)
Corresponding author: Clark, Lee Anna
ORCID: Clark, Lee Anna
Venue: Journal of Abnormal Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 2005-11
Volume: 114
Issue: 4
Pages: 505-521
ISSN: 0021-843X (ISSN-L)
1939-1846
DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.114.4.505
OpenAlex: W2059844842
Cited by: 796
References: 201
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 72 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 76 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 49 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 41
FWCI: 37.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Abnormal Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords: temperament, personality, psychopathology, negative affectivity, positive affectivity, disinhibition, personality trait structure, diathesis-stress model, personality disorders, developmental processes, life events
MeSH terms: Humans, Personality Disorders, Temperament, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

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Temperament as a unifying basis for personality and psychopathology.

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