Cited by 250Sleep and Wakefulness ResearchSleep and Work-Related FatigueCircadian rhythm and melatonin

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Partial sleep deprivation reduces natural killer cell activity in humans.

Irwin, M, Mascovich, A, Gillin, J C, Willoughby, R, Pike, J, Smith, T L·1994·Psychosomatic Medicine

DOI 10.1097/00006842-199411000-00004

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Abstract

Sleep disturbance, measured by either subjective report or electroencephalographic (EEG) assessment of sleep, correlates with a reduction of natural killer (NK) cell activity in major depression. To test whether sleep loss independent of mood disturbance alters daytime values of cellular immune function, the effect of late-night partial sleep deprivation on NK cell activity was studied in 23 medically and psychiatrically healthy male volunteers. After a night of sleep deprivation between 3 and 7 AM, NK cell activity was reduced in 18 of the 23 subjects with average lytic activity reduced significantly (p < .01) to a level 72% of the mean of three separate baseline values. After a night of resumed nocturnal sleep, NK cell activity had returned to baseline levels. These data implicate sleep in the modulation of natural immunity and demonstrate that even modest disturbances of sleep produce a reduction of NK cell activity.

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“Lifestyle characteristics Smoking, n (column %) Never smoker Former smoker Current smoker 637 (47) 594 (44) 133 (10) 2,300 (46) 2,236 (44) 498 (10) 5,425 (46) 5,405 (46) 946 (8) 348 (42) 393 (47) 91 (11)”
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“nitial studies demonstrated that sleep loss results in decreases in innate immunity as eflected by decreases in the activity of natural killer cells.(59,60) However, sleep loss can also have activating effects on certain aspects of the immune system, leading to increases in increases in inflammatory markers such as IL…”
Self-citation
Sleep disruption induces activation of inflammation and heightens risk for infectious disease: Role of impairments in thermoregulation and elevated ambient temperature
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“Indeed, partial night sleep deprivation, either early- or late night, leads to robust reductions in morning levels NK activity [80,124], as well as sensitivity of NK cells to IL-2 activation [80], findings which parallel the suppressive effects of sleep deprivation on adaptive immune responses.”
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“, 2003), overall host defense (Irwin et al., 1994; Irwin et al., 1996) and general health (Wingard and Berkman, 1983; Kripke et al.”
Background
CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME AND FIBROMYALGIA
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“These data, together with observations that sleep disturbance is correlated with a reduction of NK activity (34, 51 , 52), suggest a role of disordered sleep in mediating the relationship between depression, smoking, and a reduction of lytic activity.”
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“variables (such as stressful life events [13±19], alcohol and drug use [20], sleep [16,21], socioeconomic status [22] and sexually transmitted diseases (STD) [23]) as well as neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in stress (such as cortisol [24,25]), secondary analyses were performed to rule out such factors (confounding…”
Background
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“Although functional immune measures were not determined in the present study, when considered in conjunction with reports that alterations of sleep may affect NK cytotoxicty and cytokine activity (14, 15), it seems clear that analysis of the depression-immune profile should consider the specific symptoms and chronicit…”
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“The investigators noted that their findings corresponded with previous research showing that sleep deprivation in normal, unstressed persons reduced natural killer cell cytotoxicity (Irwin et al., 1994).”
Result
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Authors: Irwin, M., Mascovich, A., Gillin, J. C., Willoughby, R., Pike, J., & Smith, T. L.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
ORCID: Irwin, M
Venue: Psychosomatic Medicine
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1994-11
Volume: 56
Issue: 6
Pages: 493-498
ISSN: 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00006842-199411000-00004
OpenAlex: W2047973327
Cited by: 249
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 2.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1r01mh046867-01a2)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH-46867-01, MH30914)
National Center for Research Resources (M-01RR00827, M01RR000827)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Keywords: sleep restriction, natural killer cells, cellular immune function, sleep disorders, natural immunity, major depressive disorder, nocturnal sleep, lytic activity
MeSH terms: Adult, Electroencephalography, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Killer Cells, Natural, Lymphocytes, Male, Middle Aged, Sleep Deprivation, Sleep Stages, Sleep, REM, Stress, Psychological, Polysomnography

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Partial sleep deprivation reduces natural killer cell activity in humans.

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