Chronic Stress Modulates the Immune Response to a Pneumococcal Pneumonia Vaccine
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Influenza and pneumonia account for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in older individuals. Previous studies have shown that spousal caregivers of patients with dementia have poorer antibody and virus specific T cell responses to an influenza virus vaccine relative to noncaregiving control subjects. This study tested the hypothesis that stress can also significantly inhibit the IgG antibody response to a pneumococcal bacterial vaccine. METHOD: We measured antibody titers of current caregivers, former caregivers, and control subjects after vaccination with a pneumococcal bacterial vaccine. RESULTS: Caregivers showed deficits relative to controls and former caregivers in their antibody responses to vaccination. Although the groups did not differ before vaccination or in the rise in antibody 2 weeks or 1 month after vaccination, current caregivers had lower antibody titers 3 and 6 months after vaccination than either former caregivers or controls. CONCLUSIONS: These data, the first evidence that chronic stress can inhibit the stability of the IgG antibody response to a bacterial vaccine for pneumonia, provide additional evidence of health risks associated with dementia caregiving.
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Caregiving is a risk factor for health.
“A growing body of evidence has implicated caregiving as a risk factor for health.”
From Chronic stress and age-related increases in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. (2003) · cites this paper as [3]
Compared with noncaregivers, caregivers have poorer immune responses to influenza virus and pneumococcal pneumonia vaccines.
“they have poorer immune responses to influenza virus and pneumococcal pneumonia vaccines (2-4)”
From Chronic stress and age-related increases in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. (2003) · cites this paper as [3]
Negative emotions contribute to greater risk for infection, prolonged infection, and delayed wound healing.
“negative emotions contribute to greater risk for infection, prolonged infection, and delayed wound healing (1-5)”
From Chronic stress and age-related increases in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. (2003) · cites this paper as [3]
Caregivers report more infectious illness episodes and have poorer immune responses to influenza virus and pneumococcal pneumonia vaccines than noncaregivers.
“caregivers report more infectious illness episodes, and they have poorer immune responses to influenza virus and pneumococcal pneumonia vaccines than noncaregivers (1-4).”
From Chronic stress and age-related increases in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6. (2003) · cites this paper as [3]
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The Chronic Stress of Caregiving Accelerates the Natural Aging of the Immune System
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Self-citationPosttraumatic Stress Disorder and Incident Infections
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Stress-associated immunomodulation and its implications for responses to vaccination
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Close Relationships and Immunity
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- Authors
- Glaser, R., Sheridan, J., Malarkey, W. B., MacCallum, R. C., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Glaser, Ronald
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2000-11
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 804-807
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2109702099
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 4.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh050538-05, 5k02mh001467-05, 5r37mh042096-15)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K02 MH01467, R37 MH42096, R01 MH50538)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Keywords
- chronic stress, pneumococcal vaccine, vaccine antibody response, IgG antibody titers, dementia caregivers, spousal caregiving, vaccine immunogenicity, pneumonia vaccination, older adults
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Antibodies, Bacterial, Female, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Male, Middle Aged, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Stress, Psychological, Caregivers, Pneumococcal Vaccines
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