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Intestinal flora and endogenous vitamin synthesis
Abstract
It is well established that the rumen microbial flora are a rich source of vitamins to the ruminant, and that the faecal bacterial flora are a major vitamin source for coprophagic rodents. There is also good evidence that the gut bacterial flora are a significant source of a range of vitamins to the human. In this paper evidence is presented that gut bacteria are a significant source of a range of vitamins, particularly those of the B group and vitamin K.
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“It is well appreciated that the gut microbiota can synthesize certain vitamins, most notably vitamin K and B-group vitamins [e.g., cobalamin (B 12 ), folate, and riboflavin (144, 145)], some of which might be directly absorbed.”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [144]
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“1977; Hill 1997; LeBlanc et al.”
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“…of pathogens, absorption of calcium and magnesium, and metabolism of drugs (Albert et al., 1980; Cummings and Macfarlane, 1991, 1997; Shearer, 1995; Hill, 1997; Bauer, 1998; Holzapfel et al., 1998; Chonan et al., 2001; Topping and Clifton, 2001; Hart et al., 2002; Teitelbaum and Walker, 2002;…”
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“dietary carbohydrates,(28) and synthesis of essential vitamins.(29) Within a healthy gut, the intestinal mucosal barrier limits the translocation of microbes and microbial products from the lumen into systemic circulation.”
BackgroundLactobacillus: Host–Microbe Relationships
O’Callaghan, J., & O’Toole, P. W. (2011) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/82_2011_187 · Cited by 141
Hayashi, A., Mikami, Y., Miyamoto, K., Kamada, N., Sato, T., Mizuno, S., Naganuma, M., Teratani, T., Aoki, R., Fukuda, S., et al. (2017) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.057 · Cited by 135
The Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis and Resilience to Developing Anxiety or Depression under Stress
Bear, T., Dalziel, J. E., Coad, J., Roy, N. C., Butts, C. A., & Gopal, P. K. (2021) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms9040723 · Cited by 136
Frame, L. A., Costa, E., & Jackson, S. A. (2019) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuz106 · Cited by 129
“This is the case for vitamin K(141,142) and many of the water soluble B vitamins: Thiamine (vitamin B1),(143) riboflavin (vitamin B2),(144) niacin (vitamin B3),(145) pyridoxine (vitamin B6),(145,146) biotin (vitamin B7),(147) and folate (vitamin B9).(28,36,55,72,145,148,149)”
BackgroundIncorporating the gut microbiota into models of human and non‐human primate ecology and evolution
Amato, K. R. (2016) · American Journal of Physical Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.22908 · Cited by 127
Toxicological significance of azo dye metabolism by human intestinal microbiota
Feng, J. (2011) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite · doi:10.2741/400 · Cited by 123
“Germ-free mice need additional vitamin K and certain B vitamins (137), because the intestinal bacteria produce these vitamins in conventional animals (66).”
BackgroundRudzki, L., Stone, T. W., Maes, M. H. J., Misiak, B., Samochowiec, J., & Szulc, A. (2021) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110240 · Cited by 125
The ecosystem services of animal microbiomes
McKenney, E. A., Koelle, K., Dunn, R. R., & Yoder, A. D. (2018) · Molecular Ecology · doi:10.1111/mec.14532 · Cited by 126
Álvarez, J., Fernández‐Real, J. M., Guarner, F., Gueimonde, M., Rodríguez, J. M., de Pipaón, M. S., & Sanz, Y. (2021) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología · doi:10.1016/j.gastrohep.2021.01.009 · Cited by 177
Vitamins for the Gut Microbiome
Steinert, R. E., Lee, Y. K., & Sybesma, W. (2019) · Trends in Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.11.005 · Cited by 115
Carotenoids and Their Health Benefits as Derived via Their Interactions with Gut Microbiota
Eroglu, A., Al’Abri, I. S., Kopec, R. E., Crook, N., & Bohn, T. (2022) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.007 · Cited by 129
“One major symbiotic advantage of hosting microbial communities is obtaining essential amino acids and vitamins such as isoforms of all B vitamins as well as vitamin K—nutrients that the human body cannot synthesize [103].”
BackgroundNielsen, D. S. G., Jensen, B. B., Theil, P. K., Nielsen, T. S., Knudsen, K. E. B., & Purup, S. (2018) · Journal of Functional Foods · doi:10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.023 · Cited by 115
The Microbiota-Gut-Immune-Glia (MGIG) Axis in Major Depression
Rudzki, L., & Maes, M. H. J. (2020) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-020-01961-y · Cited by 115
Role of Gut Microbiota in Early Infant Development
Wall, R., Ross, R. P., Ryan, C. A., Hussey, S., Murphy, B. P., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Stanton, C. (2009) · Clinical Medicine Insights Pediatrics · doi:10.4137/cmped.s2008 · Cited by 115
Álvarez, J., Fernández‐Real, J. M., Guarner, F., Gueimonde, M., Rodríguez, J. M., de Pipaón, M. S., & Sanz, Y. (2021) · Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.gastre.2021.01.002 · Cited by 114
Hendriks, A., van Lier, J. B., & de Kreuk, M. (2017) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.08.004 · Cited by 102
“However, it has been shown that bacteria can synthesize 399 certain vitamins (Bechdel et al., 1928; Dryden et al., 1962b; Hill, 1997; LeBlanc et al., 2013; Scott and 400 Dehority, 1965; Ye et al., 1996).”
BackgroundA role for the endometrial microbiome in dysfunctional menstrual bleeding
Pelzer, E., Willner, D. L., Buttini, M., & Huygens, F. (2018) · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · doi:10.1007/s10482-017-0992-6 · Cited by 101
“and X) of the coagulation cascade (Hill 1997; Lusher 1999; Greer 2010).”
BackgroundAnalyzing the molecular foundations of commensalism in the mouse intestine
Hooper, L. V. (2000) · Current Opinion in Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s1369-5274(99)00055-7 · Cited by 99
Arena, M. P., Russo, P., Capozzi, V., López, P., Fiocco, D., & Spano, G. (2014) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-014-5837-x · Cited by 97
“However , a relevant source of vitamin B 2 can arise from the anabolic activity of members of the gut microbiota ( Hill 1997 ) .”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Hill, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Wexham Park Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hill, M J
- ORCID
- Hill, M J
- Venue
- European Journal of Cancer Prevention
- Published
- 1997-03
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- S43-S45
- ISSN
- 0959-8278 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1994684051
- Cited by
- 551
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 0.47
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Cancer Prevention (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, B vitamins, vitamin K, vitamin sources, ruminant nutrition, coprophagy, human nutrition
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biotin, Folic Acid, Humans, Intestines, Riboflavin, Vitamin B 12, Vitamin K, Vitamins
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