Cingulate, Frontal, and Parietal Cortical Dysfunction in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Open accessAbstract
Functional and structural neuroimaging have identified abnormalities of the brain that are likely to contribute to the neuropathophysiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In particular, hypofunction of the brain regions comprising the cingulo-frontal-parietal cognitive-attention network have been consistently observed across studies. These are major components of neural systems that are relevant to ADHD, including cognitive/attention networks, motor systems, and reward/feedback-based processing systems. Moreover, these areas interact with other brain circuits that have been implicated in ADHD, such as the "default mode" resting state network. The ADHD imaging data related to cingulo-frontal-parietal network dysfunction will be selectively highlighted here to help facilitate its integration with the other information presented in this special issue. Together, these reviews will help shed light on the neurobiology of ADHD.
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Structural differences in prefrontal and cingulate cortices have repeatedly been identified in children with a range of psychopathological conditions related to self-regulation and attention, including ADHD, conduct disorder, and prenatal substance exposure.
“structural differences in prefrontal and cingulate cortices have repeatedly been identified in children with a range of different psychopathological conditions related to self-regulation and attention, including Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, conduct disorder, and prenatal substance exposure (10–13, 29–34).”
From Multimodal imaging of the self-regulating developing brain (2012) · cites this paper as [34]
Hypofunction in the cingulo-frontal-parietal cognitive attention network is consistently observed in ADHD across studies.
“Hypofunction of the brain regions including the cingulo-frontal-parietal cognitive attention network has been consistently observed across studies [35].”
From A translational neuroscience perspective on mindfulness meditation as a prevention strategy (2016) · cites this paper as [35]
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Anterior Cingulate Volumetric Alterations in Treatment-Naïve Adults With ADHD: A Pilot Study
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Self-citationAutomated analysis of meta‐analysis networks
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Dissociations within Association Cortex
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
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- [25]Morecraft RJ Tanji J Vogt BA 2009 Cingulofrontal interactions and the cingulate motor areas Cingulate Neurobiology and Disease Oxford University Press 113 144
- [26]Rolls ET 2009 The anterior and midcingulate cortices and reward Cingulate Neurobiology and Disease Oxford University Press 191 206
- [50]Kronenberg G Ende G Alm B Deuschle M Heuser I Colla M 2008 Increased NAA and reduced choline levels in the anterior cingulum following chronic methylphenidate. A spectroscopic test-retest study in adult ADHD Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 258 446 450 18330668
- [60]Wolosin SM Richardson ME Hennessey JG Denckla MB Mostofsky SH 2009 Abnormal cerebral cortex structure in children with ADHD Hum Brain Mapp 30 175 184 17985349 PMC2883170
- [92]Brennan AR Arnsten AF 2008 Neuronal mechanisms underlying attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the influence of arousal on prefrontal cortical function Ann N Y Acad Sci 1129 236 245 18591484 PMC2863119
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“The dACC region is involved in attentional control ( Bush, 2011) and pain cognition and processing has been shown to be modified by attention monitoring (Kabat-Zinn, 1982).”
BackgroundMultimodal imaging of the self-regulating developing brain
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- Authors
- Bush, G.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bush, George
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-06
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1160-1167
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3109164
- OpenAlex
- W2036921358
- Cited by
- 304
- References
- 105
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 2.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control
- National Institutes of Mental Health
- National Science Foundation
- Mental Illness and Neuroscience Discovery (MIND) Institute
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- Benson-Henry Institute for Mind-Body Medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital
- David Judah Fund
- McIngvale Fund
- Johnson and Johnson Center for the Study of Psychopathology
- Center for Functional Neuroimaging Technologies (P41RR14075)
- McNeil Pharmaceuticals
- Pfizer Pharmaceuticals
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cingulate cortex, frontal cortex, parietal cortex, default mode network, reward processing, motor system, neurobiology of ADHD, brain dysfunction
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Decision Making, Frontal Lobe, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Models, Neurological, Neural Pathways, Parietal Lobe, Reward
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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