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Unmasking the bright–dark duality of social media use on psychological well-being: a large-scale longitudinal study
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Purpose: As the number of social media users continues to rise globally, a heated debate emerges on whether social media use improves or harms mental health, as well as the bidirectional relation between social media use and mental health. Motivated by this, the authors’ study adopts the stressor–strain–outcome model and social compensation hypothesis to disentangle the effect mechanism between social media use and psychological well-being. The purpose of this paper is to address this issue. Design/methodology/approach: To empirically validate the proposed research model, a large-scale two-year longitudinal questionnaire survey on social media use was administered to a valid sample of 6,093 respondents recruited from a university in China. Structural equation modeling was employed for data analysis. Findings: A longitudinal analysis reveals that social media use positively (negatively) impacts psychological well-being through the mediator of nomophobia (perceived social support) in a short period. However, social media use triggers more psychological unease, as well as more life satisfaction from a longitudinal perspective. Originality/value: This study addresses the bidirectional relation between social media use and psychological unease. The current study also draws both theoretical and practical implications by unmasking the bright–dark duality of social media use on psychological well-being.
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Nomophobia had a mediating role between the use of social media and well-being variables such as depression, perceived stress, and loneliness.
“Moreover, nomophobia had a mediating role between the use of social media and well-being variables such as depression, perceived stress, and loneliness (Lin et al., 2023).”
From Problematic use of social media in adolescents or excessive social gratification? The mediating role of nomophobia (2024) · cites this paper as Lin et al., 2023
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Tang, Y., & He, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1668567 · Cited by 12
Pérez-Torres, V. (2024) · Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2024-4-2 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Lin, Y., Fu, S., & Zhou, X.
- Affiliations
- Aalto University (FI)
- Nanjing Agricultural University (CN)
- University of York (GB)
- Venue
- Internet Research
- Publisher
- Emerald
- Published
- 2023-01-30
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2308-2355
- ISSN
- 1066-2243 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4318162771
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 14.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- orcid.org
- Locations
- Internet Research (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion)
- Aaltodoc (Aalto University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Funders
- Suomen Kulttuurirahasto
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Technostress in Professional Settings
- Social Sciences › Communication › Media and Digital Communication
- Keywords
- social media use, psychological well-being, nomophobia, perceived social support, life satisfaction, stressor-strain-outcome model, bidirectional effects, university students
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