The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Error bounds for convolutional codes and an asymptotically optimum decoding algorithm
Abstract
The probability of error in decoding an optimal convolutional code transmitted over a memoryless channel is bounded from above and below as a function of the constraint length of the code. For all but pathological channels the bounds are asymptotically (exponentially) tight for rates aboveR_{0}, the computational cutoff rate of sequential decoding. As a function of constraint length the performance of optimal convolutional codes is shown to be superior to that of block codes of the same length, the relative improvement increasing with rate. The upper bound is obtained for a specific probabilistic nonsequential decoding algorithm which is shown to be asymptotically optimum for rates aboveR_{0}and whose performance bears certain similarities to that of sequential decoding algorithms.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition
Lecun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., & Haffner, P. (1998) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.726791 · Cited by 58,805
A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition
Rabiner, L. R. (1989) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.18626 · Cited by 22,743
AUGUSTUS: ab initio prediction of alternative transcripts
Stanke, M., Keller, O., Gunduz, I., Hayes, A., Waack, S., & Morgenstern, B. (2006) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkl200 · Cited by 2,829
Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog
members, B. S. P., Lindblad-Toh, K., Wade, C. M., Mikkelsen, T. S., Karlsson, E. K., Jaffe, D. B., Kamal, M., Clamp, M., Chang, J. L., Kulbokas, E. J., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04338 · Cited by 2,568
Wang, K., Li, M., Hadley, D., Liu, R., Glessner, J., Grant, S. F. A., Hakonarson, H., & Bucan, M. (2007) · Genome Research · doi:10.1101/gr.6861907 · Cited by 1,792
(2003) · Cited by 1,680
Three decades of nanopore sequencing
Deamer, D., Akeson, M., & Branton, D. (2016) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/nbt.3423 · Cited by 1,292
Factorial Hidden Markov Models
Ghahramani, Z., & Jordan, M. I. (1997) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1023/a:1007425814087 · Cited by 1,157
Boutaba, R., Salahuddin, M. A., Limam, N., Ayoubi, S., Shahriar, N., Estrada-Solano, F., & Caicedo, O. M. (2018) · Journal of Internet Services and Applications · doi:10.1186/s13174-018-0087-2 · Cited by 1,036
Subword Regularization: Improving Neural Network Translation Models with Multiple Subword Candidates
Kudo, T. (2018) · Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers) · doi:10.18653/v1/p18-1007 · Cited by 1,021
Deep Visual-Semantic Alignments for Generating Image Descriptions
Karpathy, A., & Fei-Fei, L. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence · doi:10.1109/tpami.2016.2598339 · Cited by 1,048
The hierarchical hidden Markov model: Analysis and applications
Fine, S., Singer, Y., & Tishby, N. (1998) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1023/a:1007469218079 · Cited by 906
Korn, J. M., Kuruvilla, F. G., McCarroll, S. A., Wysoker, A., Nemesh, J., Cawley, S., Hubbell, E., Veitch, J., Collins, P. J., Darvishi, K., et al. (2008) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.237 · Cited by 783
Neural Speech Synthesis with Transformer Network
Li, N., Liu, S., Liu, Y., Zhao, S., & Liu, M. (2019) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33016706 · Cited by 754
Core, L. J., Martins, A. L., Danko, C. G., Waters, C. T., Siepel, A., & Lis, J. T. (2014) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.3142 · Cited by 693
Neuroprosthesis for Decoding Speech in a Paralyzed Person with Anarthria
Moses, D. A., Metzger, S. L., Liu, J. R., Anumanchipalli, G. K., Makin, J. G., Sun, P. F., Chartier, J., Dougherty, M. E., Liu, P. M., Abrams, G. M., et al. (2021) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2027540 · Cited by 582
Evidence for archaic adaptive introgression in humans
Racimo, F., Sankararaman, S., Nielsen, R., & Huerta-Sánchez, E. (2015) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3936 · Cited by 521
Discovering Activities to Recognize and Track in a Smart Environment
Rashidi, P., Cook, D. J., Holder, L. B., & Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. (2011) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/tkde.2010.148 · Cited by 462
Learning Setting-Generalized Activity Models for Smart Spaces
Cook, D. (2012) · IEEE Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1109/mis.2010.112 · Cited by 445
Tu, W., Cao, J., Yue, Y., Shaw, S.-L., Zhou, M., Wang, Z., Chang, X., Xu, Y., & Li, Q. (2017) · International Journal of Geographical Information Science · doi:10.1080/13658816.2017.1356464 · Cited by 298
(1998) · MPG.PuRe (Max Planck Society) · Cited by 293
Fast Algorithms for Signal Processing
Blahut, R. E. (2010) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511760921 · Cited by 274
Recognizing independent and joint activities among multiple residents in smart environments
Singla, G., Cook, D. J., & Schmitter-Edgecombe, M. (2010) · Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing · doi:10.1007/s12652-009-0007-1 · Cited by 265
Real-time decoding of question-and-answer speech dialogue using human cortical activity
Moses, D. A., Leonard, M. K., Makin, J. G., & Chang, E. F. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-10994-4 · Cited by 224
GraphAligner: rapid and versatile sequence-to-graph alignment
Rautiainen, M., & Marschall, T. (2020) · Genome Biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-020-02157-2 · Cited by 242
Shakra: Tracking and Sharing Daily Activity Levels with Unaugmented Mobile Phones
Anderson, I., Maitland, J., Sherwood, S., Barkhuus, L., Chalmers, M., Hall, M., Brown, B., & Muller, H. (2007) · Mobile Networks and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11036-007-0011-7 · Cited by 223
Object Detection and Tracking for Autonomous Navigation in Dynamic Environments
Ess, A., Schindler, K., Leibe, B., & Van Gool, L. (2010) · The International Journal of Robotics Research · doi:10.1177/0278364910365417 · Cited by 191
Tsintotas, K. A., Bampis, L., & Gasteratos, A. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2022.3175656 · Cited by 175
Machine learning for inferring animal behavior from location and movement data
Wang, G. (2019) · Ecological Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2018.12.002 · Cited by 154
Rashidi, P., & Cook, D. J. (2013) · ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology · doi:10.1145/2508037.2508045 · Cited by 94
Hippocampal replay of experience at real-world speeds
Denovellis, E. L., Gillespie, A. K., Coulter, M. E., Sosa, M., Chung, J. E., Eden, U. T., & Frank, L. M. (2021) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.64505 · Cited by 89
LEARN Codes: Inventing Low-Latency Codes via Recurrent Neural Networks
Jiang, Y., Kim, H., Asnani, H., Kannan, S., Oh, S., & Viswanath, P. (2020) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory · doi:10.1109/jsait.2020.2988577 · Cited by 87
Improving reference prioritisation with PICO recognition.
Brockmeier, A. J., Ju, M., Przybyła, P., & Ananiadou, S. (2019) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-019-0992-8 · Cited by 62
Bayesian spiking neurons II: learning
Deneve, S. (2008) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.2008.20.1.118 · Cited by 71
Video Rewrite: Driving Visual Speech with Audio
Bregler, C., Covell, M., & Slaney, M. (2023) · Seminal Graphics Papers: Pushing the Boundaries, Volume 2 · doi:10.1145/3596711.3596787 · Cited by 67
Hunting for Insider Threats Using LSTM-Based Anomaly Detection
Villarreal-Vasquez, M., Modelo-Howard, G., Dube, S., & Bhargava, B. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing · doi:10.1109/tdsc.2021.3135639 · Cited by 52
Untangling serially dependent underreported count data for gender-based violence
Fernández‐Fontelo, A., Cabaña, A., Joe, H., Puig, P., & Moriña, D. (2019) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.8306 · Cited by 47
Regulation of spatiotemporal limits of developmental gene expression via enhancer grammar
Keller, S. H., Jena, S. G., Yamazaki, Y., & Lim, B. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1917040117 · Cited by 36
Highly accurate ab initio gene annotation with ANNEVO
Zhang, P., Xu, T., Wang, S., Yang, X., Sun, P., Jia, P., Lin, J., Wang, B., Zhang, Y., Meng, D., et al. (2026) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-026-03036-7 · Cited by 34
Feng, S.-H., Xia, C.-Q., & Shen, H.-B. (2022) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btab744 · Cited by 21
MobiGesture: Mobility-aware hand gesture recognition for healthcare
Zhao, H., Ma, Y., Wang, S., Watson, A., & Zhou, G. (2018) · Smart Health · doi:10.1016/j.smhl.2018.07.010 · Cited by 18
Quantum-Assisted Joint Multi-Objective Routing and Load Balancing for Socially-Aware Networks
Alanis, D., Hu, J., Botsinis, P., Babar, Z., Ng, S. X., & Hanzo, L. (2016) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2016.2629671 · Cited by 15
Kumar, L., Brenner, N., Sledzieski, S., Olaosebikan, M., Roger, L. M., Lynn-Goin, M., Klein-Seetharaman, R., Berger, B., Putnam, H., Yang, J., et al. (2023) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0270965 · Cited by 11
Metadata
- Authors
- Viterbi, A.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
- Published
- 1967-04
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 260-269
- ISSN
- 0018-9448 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-9654
- OpenAlex
- W1991133427
- Cited by
- 6,759
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 30.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.