Optimal Charging Strategies for Unidirectional Vehicle-to-Grid
Abstract
Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) has been proposed as a way to increase the adoption rate of electric vehicles (EVs). Unidirectional V2G is especially attractive because it requires little if any additional infrastructure other than communication between the EV and an aggregator. The aggregator in turn combines the capacity of many EVs to bid into energy markets. In this work an algorithm for unidirectional regulation is developed for use by an aggregator. Several smart charging algorithms are used to set the point about which the rate of charge varies while performing regulation. An aggregator profit maximization algorithm is formulated with optional system load and price constraints analogous to the smart charging algorithms. Simulations on a hypothetical group of 10 000 commuter EVs in the Pacific Northwest verify that the optimal algorithms increase aggregator profits while reducing system load impacts and customer costs.
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Most utility goals may be met by unidirectional chargers while avoiding performance, cost, and safety issues.
“Most utility goals may be met by unidirectional chargers while avoiding performance, cost, and safety issues [41,42].”
From On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Performance and Efficiency Review (2024) · cites this paper as [42]
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Donadee, J., & Ilić, M. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2013.2290971 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Optimal Cooperative Charging Strategy for a Smart Charging Station of Electric Vehicles
You, P., Yang, Z., Chow, M., & Sun, Y. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems · doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2015.2477372 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
DeForest, N., MacDonald, J., & Black, D. R. (2017) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.07.069 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Habib, S., Khan, M. M., Abbas, F., & Tang, H. (2018) · International Journal of Energy Research · doi:10.1002/er.4033 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Electrified Vehicles and the Smart Grid: The ITS Perspective
Cheng, X., Hu, X., Yang, L., Husain, I., Inoue, K., Krein, P. T., Lefevre, R. J., Li, Y., Nishi, H., Taiber, J. G., et al. (2014) · IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems · doi:10.1109/tits.2014.2332472 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Haidar, A. M. A., Muttaqi, K. M., & Sutanto, D. (2014) · Energy Conversion and Management · doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2014.06.025 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Aggregation Model-Based Optimization for Electric Vehicle Charging Strategy
Zheng, J., Wang, X., Men, K., Zhu, C., & Zhu, S. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid · doi:10.1109/tsg.2013.2242207 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self Scheduling of Plug-In Electric Vehicle Aggregator to Provide Balancing Services for Wind Power
Vayá, M. G., & Andersson, G. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy · doi:10.1109/tste.2015.2498521 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sortomme, E., & El-Sharkawi, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 131-138
- ISSN
- 1949-3053 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-3061
- OpenAlex
- W2161666560
- Cited by
- 782
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 49 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 51 · 2016: 62 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 81 · 2013: 55 · 2012: 48
- FWCI
- 31.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Power System Optimization
- Keywords
- vehicle-to-grid, electric vehicles, smart charging, energy regulation, load shaping, price constraints, customer cost
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