Genome‐wide association study of alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) scores in 20 328 research participants of European ancestry

Sanchez‐Roige, Sandra; Fontanillas, Pierre; Elson, Sarah L.; The 23andMe Research Team; Gray, Joshua C.; de Wit, Harriet; Davis, Lea K.; MacKillop, James; Palmer, Abraham A.

doi:10.1111/adb.12574

Cited by 101Genetic Associations and EpidemiologySubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesAlcohol Consumption and Health Effects

Genome‐wide association study of alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) scores in 20 328 research participants of European ancestry

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Sanchez‐Roige, Sandra, Fontanillas, Pierre, Elson, Sarah L., The 23andMe Research Team, Gray, Joshua C., de Wit, Harriet, Davis, Lea K., MacKillop, James +1 more·2019·Addiction Biology

DOI 10.1111/adb.12574PMC PMC6988186

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Abstract

Genetic factors contribute to the risk for developing alcohol use disorder (AUD). In collaboration with the genetics company 23andMe, Inc., we performed a genome‐wide association study of the alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT), an instrument designed to screen for alcohol misuse over the past year. Our final sample consisted of 20 328 research participants of European ancestry (55.3% females; mean age = 53.8, SD = 16.1) who reported ever using alcohol. Our results showed that the ‘chip‐heritability’ of AUDIT score, when treated as a continuous phenotype, was 12%. No loci reached genome‐wide significance. The gene ADH1C , which has been previously implicated in AUD, was among our most significant associations (4.4 × 10 −7 ; rs141973904). We also detected a suggestive association on chromosome 1 (2.1 × 10 −7 ; rs182344113) near the gene KCNJ9 , which has been implicated in mouse models of high ethanol drinking. Using linkage disequilibrium score regression, we identified positive genetic correlations between AUDIT score, high alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking. We also observed an unexpected positive genetic correlation between AUDIT and educational attainment and additional unexpected negative correlations with body mass index/obesity and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. We conclude that conducting a genetic study using responses to an online questionnaire in a population not ascertained for AUD may represent a cost‐effective strategy for elucidating aspects of the etiology of AUD.

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The distribution of consumption levels and AUDIT scores can be highly skewed in population samples, with most individuals at the low (non-pathological) end of the spectrum.
“One key factor in interpreting the differences between these traits and AD is that the distribution of consumption levels and AUDIT scores can be highly skewed in population samples, with most individuals at the low (non-pathological) end of the spectrum.”
From Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [18]
No significant genetic correlation was observed between AD and AUDIT in 23andMe (rg = 0.076, p = 0.65).
“No significant genetic correlation was observed between AD and a recent GWAS of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in a 23andMe cohort18 (rg = 0.076, SE = 0.171, p = 0.65)”
From Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [18]
There was no significant genetic correlation between AD and GWAS of log-scaled AUDIT scores in 23andMe participants (rg = 0.076).
“In addition there was no significant correlation with GWAS of log-scaled AUDIT scores in 23andMe participants18 (rg = 0.076).”
From Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [18]
The h2g estimate for AD in EU is only modestly lower than those recently reported for alcohol consumption (h2g = 0.13) and AUDIT scores (h2g = 0.12), and comparable to estimates for cigarettes-per-day.
“The estimated h2g = 0.09 for AD in EU is only modestly lower than those recently reported for alcohol consumption (h2g = 0.13)17 and AUDIT scores (h2g = 0.12)18, and comparable to estimates derived for cigarettes-per-day25.”
From Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [18]
This skew may be especially pronounced among the older, healthy volunteers of the UK Biobank cohort and in the 23andMe cohort, which is more educated and has higher socioeconomic status than the general US population.
“This effect may be especially pronounced among the older, healthy volunteers of the UK Biobank cohort32 and in the 23andMe cohort, which is more educated and has higher socioeconomic status than the general US population18.”
From Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders (2018) · cites this paper as [18]

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“…lower than previous chip-heritability estimates based on dichotomized AUDIT data (30 ± 12%; Mbarek et al. 2015) and considerably lower than twin based heritabilities of alcohol abuse, dependence and alcoholism (~50%; Goldman, Oroszi & Ducci, 2005; Enoch 2013) as expected (e.g. Plomin et al., 2013).”
Genetic contributors to variation in alcohol consumption vary by race/ethnicity in a large multi-ethnic genome-wide association study
Jorgenson, E., Thai, K. K., Hoffmann, T. J., Sakoda, L. C., Kvale, M. N., Banda, Y., Schaefer, C., Risch, N., Mertens, J., Weisner, C., et al. (2017) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2017.101 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Ethanol‐Induced Conditioned Taste Aversion in BXD Recombinant Inbred Mice
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Confirmation of Quantitative Trait Loci for Alcohol Preference in Mice
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Alcohol Dependence Genetics: Lessons Learned From Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Post-GWAS Analyses
Hart, A. B., & Kranzler, H. R. (2015) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12792 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
ALDH2 is associated to alcohol dependence and is the major genetic determinant of “daily maximum drinks” in a GWAS study of an isolated rural chinese sample
Quillen, E. E., Chen, X., Almasy, L. A., Yang, F., He, H., Li, X., Wang, X., Liu, T., Hao, W., Deng, H., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32213 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
The relation between drinking pattern and body mass index and waist and hip circumference
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ADH4 Gene Variation is Associated with Alcohol Dependence and Drug Dependence in European Americans: Results from HWD Tests and Case–Control Association Studies
Luο, X., Kranzler, H. R., Zuo, L., Lappalainen, J., Yang, B., & Gelernter, J. E. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300925 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Ancestry Composition: A Novel, Efficient Pipeline for Ancestry Deconvolution
Durand, E. Y., Do, C. B., Mountain, J. L., & Macpherson, J. M. (2014) · doi:10.1101/010512 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
A genome wide search for alcoholism susceptibility genes
Hill, S. Y., Shen, S., Zezza, N., Hoffman, E. K., Perlin, M., & Allan, W. P. (2004) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30013 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Extended genetic effects of ADH cluster genes on the risk of alcohol dependence: from GWAS to replication
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Genome-Wide Association Study of Loneliness Demonstrates a Role for Common Variation
Gao, J., Davis, L. K., Hart, A. B., Sanchez‐Roige, S., Han, L., Cacioppo, J. T., & Palmer, A. A. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.197 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citation
Common genetic mechanisms in alcohol, drug, and mental disorder comorbidity
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The genetics of alcohol dependence
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Three Mutually Informative Ways to Understand the Genetic Relationships Among Behavioral Disinhibition, Alcohol Use, Drug Use, Nicotine Use/Dependence, and Their Co-occurrence: Twin Biometry, GCTA, and Genome-Wide Scoring
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Common single nucleotide variants underlying drug addiction: more than a decade of research
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The factor structure and concurrent validity of the alcohol use disorder identification test based on a nationally representative UK sample
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Suggestive Linkage on Chromosome 1 for a Quantitative Alcohol-Related Phenotype
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Cell type‐specific subunit composition of G protein‐gated potassium channels in the cerebellum
Aguado, C., Colón, J., Ciruela, F., Schlaudraff, F., Cabañero, M. J., Perry, C. A., Watanabe, M., Liss, B., Wickman, K. D., & Luján, R. (2007) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05153.x · Cited by 75 · see citing works
DNA co-methylation modules in postmortem prefrontal cortex tissues of European Australians with alcohol use disorders
Wang, F., Xu, H., Zhao, H., Gelernter, J. E., & Zhang, H. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep19430 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Polygenic risk scores for smoking: predictors for alcohol and cannabis use?
Vink, J. M., Hottenga, J., de Geus, E. J. C., Willemsen, G. A. H. M., Neale, M. C., Furberg, H., & Boomsma, D. I. (2014) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.12491 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
The genetics of alcohol dependence: Twin and SNP‐based heritability, and genome‐wide association study based on AUDIT scores
Mbarek, H., Milaneschi, Y., Fedko, I. O., Hottenga, J., de Moor, M. H. M., Jansen, R., Gelernter, J., Sherva, R., Willemsen, G., Boomsma, D. I., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32379 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Molecular mechanism underlying ethanol activation of G-protein–gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels
Bodhinathan, K., & Slesinger, P. A. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1311406110 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Genetic Influences on the Development of Alcoholism
Enoch, M. (2013) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-013-0412-1 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Genomewide Association Study for Maximum Number of Alcoholic Drinks in European Americans and African Americans
Xu, K., Kranzler, H. R., Sherva, R., Sartor, C. E., Almasy, L. A., Koesterer, R., Zhao, H., Farrer, L. A., & Gelernter, J. E. (2015) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.12751 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Who are the obese? A cluster analysis exploring subgroups of the obese
Green, M. A., Strong, M., Razak, F. A., Subramanian, S. V., Relton, C., & Bissell, P. (2015) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdv040 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Inverse association of the obesity predisposing FTO rs9939609 genotype with alcohol consumption and risk for alcohol dependence
Sobczyk‐Kopcioł, A., Broda, G., Wojnar, M., Kurjata, P., Jakubczyk, A., Klimkiewicz, A., & Płoski, R. (2010) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03248.x · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Mapping a Barbiturate Withdrawal Locus to a 0.44 Mb Interval and Analysis of a Novel Null Mutant Identify a Role forKcnj9(GIRK3) in Withdrawal from Pentobarbital, Zolpidem, and Ethanol
Kozell, L. B., Walter, N. A. R., Milner, L. C., Wickman, K. D., & Buck, K. J. (2009) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1413-09.2009 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Genetic and environmental influences on externalizing behavior and alcohol problems in adolescence: A female twin study
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GIRK3 gates activation of the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway by ethanol
Herman, M. A., Sidhu, H., Stouffer, D. G., Kreifeldt, M., Le, D., Cates‐Gatto, C., Munoz, M. B., Roberts, A. J., Parsons, L. H., Roberto, M., et al. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1416146112 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Identifying genetic variation for alcohol dependence
Arpana Agrawal, A. (2012) · Alcohol research · doi:10.35946/arcr.v34.3.02 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Collider Scope: When selection bias can substantially influence observed associationsPreprint
Munafo, M. R., Tilling, K., Taylor, A. E., Evans, D. M., & Smith, G. D. (2016) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/079707 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Replication of Genome Wide Association Studies of Alcohol Dependence: Support for Association with Variation in ADH1C
Biernacka, J. M., Geske, J. R., Schneekloth, T. D., Frye, M. A., Cunningham, J. M., Choi, D., Tapp, C. L., Lewis, B. R., Drews, M. S., Pietrzak, T. L., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0058798 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Common variants at 12q24 are associated with drinking behavior in Han Chinese
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Measuring alcohol consumption for genomic meta-analyses of alcohol intake: opportunities and challenges.
Agrawal, A., Freedman, N., Cheng, Y.-C., Lin, P., Shaffer, J., Sun, Q., Taylor, K. C., Yaspan, B., Cole, J., Cornelis, M. C., et al. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.015545 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The performance of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) in detecting alcohol abuse and dependence in a population of depressed or anxious persons
Boschloo, L., Vogelzangs, N., Smit, J. H., van den Brink, W., Veltman, D. J., Beekman, A. T. F., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.019 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Genetics of alcoholism
Edenberg, H. J., & Foroud, T. (2014) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-62619-6.00032-x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Connecting the dots, genome-wide association studies in substance use
Nivard, M. G., Verweij, K. J. H., Minică, C. C., Treur, J. L., Derks, E. M., Stringer, S., Verweij, K. J. H., Gillespie, N. A., Vink, J. M., Minică, C. C., et al. (2016) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2016.14 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Gpm6b deficiency impairs sensorimotor gating and modulates the behavioral response to a 5-HT2A/C receptor agonist
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Associations Between ADH Gene Variants and Alcohol Phenotypes in Dutch Adults
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G Protein‐Gated Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channel Subunit 3 Knock‐Out Mice Show Enhanced Ethanol Reward
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Transancestral GWAS of alcohol dependence reveals common genetic underpinnings with psychiatric disorders
23andMe Research Team, Walters, R. K., Polimanti, R., Johnson, E. C., McClintick, J. N., Adams, M. J., Adkins, A. E., Aliev, F., Bacanu, S.-A., Batzler, A., et al. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-018-0275-1 · Cited by 632 · see citing works
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Genome-wide association study of alcohol consumption and use disorder in 274,424 individuals from multiple populations
Kranzler, H. R., Zhou, H., Kember, R. L., Vickers‐Smith, R., Justice, A. C., Damrauer, S. M., Tsao, P. S., Klarin, D. M., Baras, A., Reid, J. G., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-019-09480-8 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Genome-wide association study meta-analysis of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) in two population-based cohorts
Sanchez-Roige, S., Palmer, A. A., Fontanillas, P., Elson, S. L., the 23andMe Research Team, T. S. U. D. W. G. O. T. P. G. C., Adams, M. J., Howard, D. M., Edenberg, H. J., Davies, G., Crist, R. C., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.18040369 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
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Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Critical Review
Edenberg, H. J., & McClintick, J. N. (2018) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13904 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Hazardous drinking and alcohol use disorders
MacKillop, J. M., Agabio, R., Ewing, S. W. F., Heilig, M. A., Kelly, J. F., Leggio, L., Lingford-Hughes, A. R., Palmer, A. A., Parry, C. D. H., Ray, L. A., et al. (2022) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-022-00406-1 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
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Alcohol-Induced Oxidative Stress and the Role of Antioxidants in Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review
Tsermpini, E. E., Ilješ, A. P., & Dolžan, V. (2022) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox11071374 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Genetics of substance use disorders: a review
Deak, J. D., & Johnson, E. C. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721000969 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Resource profile and user guide of the Polygenic Index Repository
Becker, J., Burik, C. A. P., Goldman, G., Wang, N., Jayashankar, H., Bennett, M., Belsky, D. W., Linnér, R. K., Ahlskog, R., Kleinman, A., et al. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01119-3 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
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Genome-wide association studies of impulsive personality traits (BIS-11 and UPPSP) and drug experimentation in up to 22,861 adult research participants identify loci in the CACNA1I and CADM2 genes
Sanchez-Roige, S., Fontanillas, P., Elson, S. L., Gray, J. C., de Wit, H., MacKillop, J., & Palmer, A. A. (2019) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2662-18.2019 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
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Human Genetics of Addiction: New Insights and Future Directions
Hancock, D. B., Markunas, C. A., Bierut, L. J., & Johnson, E. O. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0873-3 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Genome-wide association study of delay discounting in 23,217 adult research participants of European ancestry
the 23andMe Research Team, Sanchez-Roige, S., Fontanillas, P., Elson, S. L., Pandit, A., Schmidt, E. M., Foerster, J. R., Abecasis, G. R., Gray, J. C., de Wit, H., et al. (2018) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-017-0032-x · Cited by 128 · see citing works
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FGF21 suppresses alcohol consumption through an amygdalo-striatal circuit
Flippo, K. H., Trammell, S. A. J., Gillum, M. P., Aklan, İ., Perez, M. B., Yavuz, Y., Smith, N. K., Jensen-Cody, S. O., Zhou, B., Claflin, K. E., et al. (2022) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2021.12.024 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Alcohol use disorders and ADHD.
Luderer, M., Ramos Quiroga, J. A., Faraone, S. V., Zhang-James, Y., & Reif, A. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.07.010 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Recent Efforts to Dissect the Genetic Basis of Alcohol Use and Abuse
Sanchez‐Roige, S., Palmer, A. A., & Clarke, T. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.011 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
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Genome-wide Association Study of Maximum Habitual Alcohol Intake in >140,000 U.S. European and African American Veterans Yields Novel Risk Loci
Gelernter, J. E., Sun, N., Polimanti, R. A., Pietrzak, R. H., Levey, D. F., Lu, Q., Hu, Y., Li, B., Radhakrishnan, K., Aslan, M., et al. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.03.984 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Genetics of alcohol use disorder: a review
Deak, J. D., Miller, A. P., & Gizer, I. R. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.07.012 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Multi-omics integration analysis identifies novel genes for alcoholism with potential overlap with neurodegenerative diseases
Kapoor, M., Chao, M. J., Johnson, E. C., Novikova, G., Lai, D., Meyers, J. L., Schulman, J., Nürnberger, J. I., Porjesz, B., Liu, Y., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25392-y · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Genome-wide analyses of behavioural traits are subject to bias by misreports and longitudinal changes
Xue, A., Jiang, L., Zhu, Z., Wray, N. R., Visscher, P. M., Zeng, J., & Yang, J. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20237-6 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Multi-ancestry meta-analysis of tobacco use disorder identifies 461 potential risk genes and reveals associations with multiple health outcomes
Toikumo, S., Jennings, M. V., Pham, B. K., Lee, H., Mallard, T. T., Bianchi, S. B., Meredith, J. J., Vilar‐Ribó, L., Xu, H., Hatoum, A. S., et al. (2024) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-024-01851-6 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
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Adolescent Risk and Protective Factors Predicting Triple Trajectories of Substance Use from Adolescence into Adulthood
Lee, J. Y., Kim, W., Brook, J. S., Finch, S. J., & Brook, D. W. (2019) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01629-9 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Human genetics and epigenetics of alcohol use disorder
Zhou, H., & Gelernter, J. E. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci172885 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Alcohol and drug use disorders in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Prevalence and associations with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom severity and emotional dysregulation
Anker, E., Haavik, J., & Heir, T. (2020) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v10.i9.202 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Polygenic Risk Score Prediction of Alcohol Dependence Symptoms Across Population‐Based and Clinically Ascertained Samples
Savage, J. E., Salvatore, J. E., Alıev, F., Edwards, A. C., Hickman, M., Kendler, K. S., Macleod, J., Latvala, A., Loukola, A., Kaprio, J. A., et al. (2018) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13589 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The Cocaine and Oxycodone Biobanks, Two Repositories from Genetically Diverse and Behaviorally Characterized Rats for the Study of Addiction
Carrette, L. L. G., de Guglielmo, G., Kallupi, M., Maturin, L., Brennan, M., Boomhower, B., Conlisk, D., Sedighim, S., Tieu, L., Fannon, M. J., et al. (2021) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0033-21.2021 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
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Genome-wide meta-analysis of alcohol use disorder in East Asians
Zhou, H., Kalayasiri, R., Sun, Y., Nuñez, Y. Z., Deng, H., Chen, X., Justice, A. C., Kranzler, H. R., Chang, S., Lü, L., et al. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01265-w · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Polygenic contributions to alcohol use and alcohol use disorders across population-based and clinically ascertained samples
Johnson, E. C., Sanchez‐Roige, S., Ación, L., Adams, M. J., Bucholz, K. K., Chan, G., Chao, M. J., Chorlian, D. B., Dick, D. M., Edenberg, H. J., et al. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291719004045 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
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Validation and characterisation of a DNA methylation alcohol biomarker across the life course
Yousefi, P., Richmond, R. C., Langdon, R., Ness, A., Liu, C., Levy, D. A., Relton, C. L., Suderman, M. J., & Zuccolo, L. (2019) · Clinical Epigenetics · doi:10.1186/s13148-019-0753-7 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Genetic architecture of cardiometabolic risks in people living with HIV
Cheng, H. M., Sewda, A., Márquez‐Luna, C., White, S. R., Whitney, B. M., Williams-Nguyen, J. S., Nance, R. M., Lee, W. J., Kitahata, M. M., Saag, M. S., et al. (2020) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-020-01762-z · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Meta‐Analysis of Genetic Influences on Initial Alcohol Sensitivity
Edwards, A. C., Deak, J. D., Gizer, I. R., Lai, D., Chatzinakos, C., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Lindsay, J. H., Heron, J., Hickman, M., Webb, B. T., et al. (2018) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13896 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Substance use and common contributors to morbidity: A genetics perspective
Sanchez‐Roige, S., Kember, R. L., & Arpana Agrawal, A. (2022) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104212 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
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Genome-Wide Association Study on Three Behaviors Tested in an Open Field in Heterogeneous Stock Rats Identifies Multiple Loci Implicated in Psychiatric Disorders
Gunturkun, M. H., Wang, T., Chitre, A. S., Martinez, A. G., Holl, K., Pierre, C. L. S., Bimschleger, H. V., Gao, J., Cheng, R., Polesskaya, O., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.790566 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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Genetic nurture effects for alcohol use disorder
Thomas, N., Salvatore, J. E., Kuo, S. I., Alıev, F., McCutcheon, V. V., Meyers, J. L., Bucholz, K. K., Brislin, S. J., Chan, G., Edenberg, H. J., et al. (2022) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01816-z · Cited by 22 · see citing works
AUDIT‐C and ICD codes as phenotypes for harmful alcohol use: association with ADH1B polymorphisms in two US populations
Justice, A. C., Vickers‐Smith, R., Tate, J. P., McGinnis, K. A., Xu, K., Becker, W. C., Lee, K., Lynch, K. G., Sun, N., Concato, J., et al. (2018) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.14374 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The Genetic Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Aspects of Problem Drinking in an Ascertained Sample
Johnson, E. C., Pierre, C. L. S., Meyers, J. L., Alıev, F., McCutcheon, V. V., Lai, D., Dick, D. M., Goate, A., Kramer, J., Samuel Kuperman, C., et al. (2019) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.14064 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Association of Polygenic Liability for Alcohol Dependence and EEG Connectivity in Adolescence and Young Adulthood
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GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDY OF ALCOHOL USE DISORDER IDENTIFICATION TEST (AUDIT) SCORES IN AN UNSELECTED COHORT OF 20,328 RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS OF EUROPEAN ANCESTRY: RS41973904 AND BEYOND
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Genetic analysis of alcohol use disorder: GWAS of alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) and polygenic risk scores in an east slavic population
Trofimov, M., Kudriavskii, V., Shaheen, L., Kovalenko, E. V., Vergasova, K., Kamelin, A., Rubinova, V., Kharitonov, D., Kim, A., Plotnikov, N. A., et al. (2025) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112713 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Authors: Sanchez‐Roige, S., Fontanillas, P., Elson, S. L., The 23andMe Research Team, Gray, J. C., de Wit, H., Davis, L. K., MacKillop, J., & Palmer, A. A.
Affiliations: University of California San Diego (US)
23andMe (United States) (US)
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Chicago Chicago IL USA
Vanderbilt University (US)
Homewood Research Institute (CA)
Corresponding author: Palmer, Abraham A.
ORCID: Sanchez‐Roige, Sandra
Fontanillas, Pierre
Elson, Sarah L.
Gray, Joshua C.
Davis, Lea K.
MacKillop, James
Palmer, Abraham A.
Venue: Addiction Biology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2017-10-23
Volume: 24
Issue: 1
Pages: 121-131
ISSN: 1355-6215 (ISSN-L)
1369-1600
DOI: 10.1111/adb.12574
PMC: PMC6988186
OpenAlex: W2953354514
Cited by: 101
References: 106
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 6.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
doi.org
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Addiction Biology (publishedVersion)
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R25MH081482)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
Keywords: alcoholism, AUDIT score, alcohol misuse screening, ADH1C, genetic correlation, cigarette smoking, educational attainment, body mass index, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, European ancestry
MeSH terms: Cigarette Smoking, Adult, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Obesity, Phenotype, Surveys and Questionnaires, Linkage Disequilibrium, Body Mass Index, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, Genome-Wide Association Study

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Genome‐wide association study of alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) scores in 20 328 research participants of European ancestry

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