A review of brain stimulation methods to treat substance use disorders
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are a leading cause of disability worldwide. While several pharmacological and behavioral treatments for SUDs are available, these may not be effective for all patients. Recent studies using non-invasive neuromodulation techniques including Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS), Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) have shown promise for SUD treatment. OBJECTIVE: Multiple studies were evaluated investigating the therapeutic potential of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques in treatment of SUDs. METHOD: Through literature searches (eg, PubMed, Google Scholar), 60 studies (2000-2017) were identified examining the effect of rTMS, tDCS, or DBS on cravings and consumption of SUDs, including tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, opioids, and stimulants. RESULTS: rTMS and tDCS demonstrated decreases in drug craving and consumption, while early studies with DBS suggest similar results. Results are most encouraging when stimulation is targeted to the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term treatment with rTMS and tDCS may have beneficial effects on drug craving and consumption. Future studies should focus on extending therapeutic benefits by increasing stimulation frequency and duration of treatment. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: The utility of these methods in SUD treatment and prevention are unclear, and warrants further study using randomized, controlled designs. (Am J Addict 2018;27:71-91).
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To date, the majority of brain stimulation studies have targeted the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC).
“To date, the majority of brain stimulation studies have targeted the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC)”
From The Insula: A Brain Stimulation Target for the Treatment of Addiction (2019) · cites this paper as Coles et al., 2018
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- [1]Facing Addiction in America: The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Washington, DC 2016 28252892
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Neuroscience of Drug Reward and Addiction
Volkow, N. D., Michaelides, M., & Baler, R. (2019) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00014.2018 · Cited by 863 · see citing works
Stochastic synaptic plasticity underlying compulsion in a model of addiction
Pascoli, V., Hiver, A., Van Zessen, R., Loureiro, M., Achargui, R., Harada, M., Flakowski, J., & Lüscher, C. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0789-4 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
The Insula: A Brain Stimulation Target for the Treatment of Addiction
Ibrahim, C., Rubin-Kahana, D. S., Pushparaj, A., Musiol, M., Blumberger, D. M., Daskalakis, Z. J., Zangen, A., & Le Foll, B. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.00720 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Efficacy of invasive and non-invasive brain modulation interventions for addiction
Luigjes, J., Segrave, R., de Joode, N., Figee, M., & Denys, D. (2019) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-018-9393-5 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Clinical management of withdrawal from benzodiazepine anxiolytic and hypnotic medications
Baldwin, D. S. (2022) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/add.15695 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Gold, M. S., Blum, K., Bowirrat, A., Pinhasov, A., Bagchi, D., A. Dennen, C., K. Thanos, P., Hanna, C., Lewandrowski, K.-U., Sharafshah, A., et al. (2024) · INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.36922/itps.1918 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Coles, A. S., Kozak, K., & George, T. P.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- Corresponding author
- George, Tony P.
- Venue
- The American Journal on Addictions
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-02-19
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 71-91
- ISSN
- 1055-0496 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-0391
- PMC
- PMC6034717
- OpenAlex
- W2792629465
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 13
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- American Journal on Addictions (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- University of Toronto
- Institute of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Addiction (115145)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Keywords
- substance use disorders, non-invasive brain stimulation, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, deep brain stimulation, drug craving, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, opioid use, stimulant use, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, addiction treatment
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Treatment Outcome, Substance-Related Disorders, Deep Brain Stimulation, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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