Towards hybrid human‐AI learning technologies
Open accessAbstract
Education is a unique area for application of artificial intelligence (AI). In this article, the augmentation perspective and the concept of hybrid intelligence are introduced to frame our thinking about AI in education. The involvement of quadruple helix stakeholders (i.e., researchers, education professionals, entrepreneurs, and policymakers) is necessary to understand the opportunities and challenges of different educational use cases from an integrated point of view. To facilitate a meaningful dialogue, a common language about AI in education is needed. This article outlines elements of such a common language. The detect‐diagnose‐act framework is used to describe the core functions of AI in education. The six levels of automation model is introduced to develop our thinking about the roles of AI, learners, and teachers in educational arrangements. In this model, the transition of control between teacher and technology is articulated at different levels and related to the augmentation perspective. Finally, the future of AI in education is discussed using self‐regulated learning as an example. The proposed common language will help to support a coordinated development of an interdisciplinary dialogue between quadruple helix stakeholders to strengthen meaningful application of AI for learning and teaching.
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GenAI can ease the burden of developing high-quality materials by creating diverse and engaging content.
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From Promises and challenges of generative artificial intelligence for human learning (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
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Artificial Intelligence and Education
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- Authors
- Molenaar, I.
- Affiliations
- Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Molenaar, Inge
- ORCID
- Molenaar, Inge
- Venue
- European Journal of Education
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-09-23
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 632-645
- ISSN
- 0141-8211 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-3435
- OpenAlex
- W4297183894
- Cited by
- 348
- References
- 75
- Citations by year
- 2026: 173 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 43.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- European Journal of Education (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence in education, hybrid intelligence, quadruple helix, stakeholder dialogue, student self-regulation
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