Training‐induced changes in the expression of GABAA‐associated genes in the amygdala after the acquisition and extinction of Pavlovian fear
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Previous work suggests the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system may be dynamically regulated during emotional learning. In the current study we examined training-induced changes in the expression of GABA(A)-related genes and the binding of GABA receptor radioligands in the amygdala after the acquisition and extinction of Pavlovian fear. Using in situ hybridization, we examined the expression pattern changes of mRNAs for GABAergic markers in the lateral, basolateral and central subdivisions of the amygdala in C57Bl/6J mice. These markers included GABA-synthesizing enzymes (GAD67 and GAD65), major GABA(A) receptor subunits (alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, alpha5, beta2 and gamma2) and the expression of mRNAs that are involved in a variety of GABA-related intracellular processes, including GABA transporter-1 (GAT1), GABA(A) receptor-associated protein and the GABA(A) clustering protein, gephyrin. With fear conditioning, we found decreased mRNA levels of alpha1, alpha5 and GAD67, as well as deceased benzodiazepine binding in the amygdala. Fear extinction induced an increase in mRNA levels of alpha2, beta2, GAD67 and gephyrin, as well as a decrease in GAT1. Together, these findings indicate that the acquisition of fear induced a downregulation of mRNA markers related to a decrease in amygdala GABAergic function, whereas the acquisition of fear extinction produced an upregulation of GABAergic markers related to enhanced GABAergic transmission.
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Following acquisition of fear conditioning, α1GABAAR expression in the BLA is reduced.
“Following acquisition of fear conditioning, α1GABAAR expression in the BLA is reduced ([24]), possibly enhancing the acquisition of subsequent fear-conditioning experiences.”
From An emerging circuit pharmacology of GABAA receptors (2018) · cites this paper as [24]
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Changes in in vivo [<sup>3</sup>H]‐Ro15‐4513 binding induced by forced swimming in mice
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Neuronal circuits for fear and anxiety
Tovote, P., Fadok, J. P., & Lüthi, A. (2015) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3945 · Cited by 1,786 · see citing works
Biological studies of post-traumatic stress disorder
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Amygdala inhibitory circuits and the control of fear memory
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Amygdala Microcircuits Controlling Learned Fear
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Neuronal circuits of fear extinction
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Neural and cellular mechanisms of fear and extinction memory formation
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“Extinction learning also increases GABAA receptor α2- and β2 subunit mRNA and levels of the GABAsynthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and the GABA transporter GAT1 (Heldt & Ressler, 2007).”
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Patterns of mRNA and protein expression for 12 GABAA receptor subunits in the mouse brain
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An emerging circuit pharmacology of GABAA receptors
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Regulating anxiety with extrasynaptic inhibition
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Functional connectivity of the main intercalated nucleus of the mouse amygdala
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- Authors
- Heldt, S. A., & Ressler, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- ORCID
- Ressler, Kerry J.
- Venue
- European Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3631-3644
- ISSN
- 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
- 1460-9568
- PMC
- PMC2443698
- OpenAlex
- W1959821071
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 113
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institute of Mental Health (F32MH073389)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA019624, DA-019624)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- GABAA receptor, amygdala, fear conditioning, fear extinction, GABAergic system, gene expression, GAD67, GAD65, GABA receptor subunits, gephyrin, GABA transporter 1, benzodiazepine binding, emotional learning, lateral amygdala, basolateral amygdala, central amygdala
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Carrier Proteins, Conditioning, Classical, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Glutamate Decarboxylase, Male, Membrane Proteins, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Receptors, GABA-A, Retention, Psychology, RNA, Messenger, Reflex, Startle, Tissue Distribution, Biomarkers, Gene Expression, In Situ Hybridization, Protein Isoforms, GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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