DNA methylation: A mechanism for embedding early life experiences in the genome
Open accessAbstract
Although epidemiological data provide evidence that early life experience plays a critical role in human development, the mechanism of how this works remains in question. Recent data from human and animal literature suggest that epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, are involved not only in cellular differentiation but also in the modulation of genome function in response to early life experience affecting gene function and the phenotype. Such modulations may serve as a mechanism for life-long genome adaptation. These changes seem to be widely distributed across the genome and to involve central and peripheral systems. Examining the environmental circumstances associated with the onset and reversal of DNA methylation will be critical for understanding risk and resiliency.
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Epigenetic mechanisms respond to environmental triggers.
“respond to environmental triggers”
From The applied implications of epigenetics in anxiety, affective and stress-related disorders - A review and synthesis on psychosocial stress, psychotherapy and prevention (2020) · cites this paper as Szyf & Bick, 2013
Epigenetic mechanisms are modifiable and potentially reversible by psychopharmacological interventions.
“are modifiable -and potentially reversible -by (psycho-)pharmacological interventions”
From The applied implications of epigenetics in anxiety, affective and stress-related disorders - A review and synthesis on psychosocial stress, psychotherapy and prevention (2020) · cites this paper as Szyf & Bick, 2013
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- Authors
- Szyf, M., & Bick, J.
- Affiliations
- McGill University
- Yale University (US)
- ORCID
- Bick, Johanna
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2013-01-01
- Volume
- 84
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-57
- ISSN
- 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-8624
- PMC
- PMC4039199
- OpenAlex
- W2115460495
- Cited by
- 251
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Child Development (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH018268)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- DNA methylation, epigenetics, early life experience, genome adaptation, gene expression regulation, developmental origins of health and disease, resilience, central and peripheral nervous system
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Humans, Life Change Events, Phenotype, Stress, Psychological, Signal Transduction, Genome, Human, DNA Methylation, Epigenesis, Genetic
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