Cited by 1,774Telomeres, Telomerase, and SenescenceGenetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model OrganismsSirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine

Cellular senescence and the senescent secretory phenotype: therapeutic opportunities

Open access
Tchkonia, Tamara, Zhu, Yi, van Deursen, Jan, Campisi, Judith, Kirkland, James L.·2013·Journal of Clinical Investigation

Abstract

Aging is the largest risk factor for most chronic diseases, which account for the majority of morbidity and health care expenditures in developed nations. New findings suggest that aging is a modifiable risk factor, and it may be feasible to delay age-related diseases as a group by modulating fundamental aging mechanisms. One such mechanism is cellular senescence, which can cause chronic inflammation through the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). We review the mechanisms that induce senescence and the SASP, their associations with chronic disease and frailty, therapeutic opportunities based on targeting senescent cells and the SASP, and potential paths to developing clinical interventions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1172/jci64098

Cites

112 of 112 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The paper states that p16 is a key trigger of cellular senescence and has been proposed as a biomarker of mammalian aging.

    “p16 is a key trigger of cellular senescence16, and its expression increases with aging in several rodent and primate tissues17–19, suggesting its potential use as a biomarker of mammalian aging.”

    From Effects of intermittent senolytic therapy on bone metabolism in postmenopausal women: a phase 2 randomized controlled trial (2024) · cites this paper as [16]

    The Cellular senescence section (page unavailable) says that senescence-inducing insults activate the p16INK4a pathway, which helps initiate a senescence response. The References section (page unavailable) lists work describing Ink4a/Arf expression as a biomarker of aging. The paper does not itself establish the more specific claim that p16 expression rises with age across several rodent and primate tissues; it also describes p16 as a pathway activated by triggers, rather than as the trigger itself. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • In 30-70% of senescent cells, the SASP contains pro-inflammatory, proapoptotic, and pro-fibrotic factors, some of which can make previously non-senescent cells senescent locally and at a distance through endocrine action.

    “In 30–70% of senescent cells, this SASP entails pro-inflammatory, proapoptotic and pro-fibrotic factors7,31,40,59–64, some of which can cause previously non-senescent cells to become senescent both locally and at a distance in an endocrine manner24,39,47.”

    From Cellular senescence and senolytics: the path to the clinic (2022) · cites this paper as [64]

    The SASP and Figure 2 passages describe inflammatory SASP factors and suggest that senescence can spread to neighboring cells. They do not establish the 30–70% figure, characterize SASP factors as proapoptotic or pro-fibrotic, or show that they induce senescence at a distance through endocrine action; the paper also frames spreading senescence as a possibility needing further investigation. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • SASP factors, senescence markers, and markers of other aging processes such as α-Klotho can be assayed in body fluids including urine, saliva, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid.

    “SASP factors, senescence markers and markers of other fundamental aging processes (for example, α-Klotho) can be assayed in body fluids such as urine, saliva, blood or cerebrospinal fluid7,19,48,59,61,64,132,133.”

    From Cellular senescence and senolytics: the path to the clinic (2022) · cites this paper as [64]

    The Research issues section (page unavailable) proposes blood biomarkers of senescent-cell burden based on detecting SASP products. It does not establish that such assays are available, or address α-Klotho or assays in urine, saliva, or cerebrospinal fluid. Searches for those fluids and α-Klotho found no supporting passage. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Cellular senescence is one fundamental aging mechanism that contributes to many age-related diseases.

    “One fundamental aging mechanism that underlies numerous age-related diseases is cellular senescence (5).”

    From Senolytic Drugs: Reducing Senescent Cell Viability to Extend Health Span (2021) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Cellular senescence section calls senescence a basic process that may contribute to age-related dysfunction and reports evidence that senescent cells drive multiple age-related pathologies. But it limits the clear experimental evidence to a progeroid mouse model and says it remains to be tested in chronologically aged models. The citing sentence states the broader role without those qualifications. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Senescent cells secrete SASP, which alters the extracellular matrix, impairs stem cell functions, promotes transdifferentiation, can spread senescence to surrounding cells, and causes systemic chronic inflammation.

    “Importantly, senescent cells secrete a complex set of pro-inflammatory cytokines, known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This alters the composition of the extracellular matrix, impairs stem cell functions, promotes cell transdifferentiation and can spread the senescence phenotype to surrounding cells, thereby causing systemic chronic inflammation12.”

    From Telomere dysfunction in ageing and age-related diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [12]

    The Figure 2 passage links the SASP to extracellular-matrix degradation and says it appears to spread between cells. The SASP section says its cytokines can cause epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions, but describes systemic inflammation as potential and context-dependent. Figure 2 attributes removal from the progenitor/stem-cell pool to senescence, not specifically to SASP-mediated impairment of stem-cell function. (LLM, conf=0.87)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [64]64. Kuilman T, Michaloglou C, Mooi WJ, Peeper DS. The essence of senescence. Genes Dev. 2010;24(22):2463-2479.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Tchkonia, T., Zhu, Y., van Deursen, J., Campisi, J., & Kirkland, J. L.
Affiliations
  • Mayo Clinic (US)
  • Buck Institute for Research on Aging (US)
Corresponding author
Kirkland, James L.
Venue
Journal of Clinical Investigation
Published
2013-03-01
Volume
123
Issue
3
Pages
966-972
ISSN
0021-9738 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2108887402
Cited by
1,774
References
112
Citations by year
2026: 129 · 2025: 138 · 2024: 163 · 2023: 150 · 2022: 142 · 2021: 180 · 2020: 162 · 2019: 145 · 2018: 138 · 2017: 122 · 2016: 105 · 2015: 92 · 2014: 72 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 1
FWCI
11.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Clinical Investigation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Ellison Medical Foundation
  • Noaber Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health (AG041122)
  • National Institute on Aging (AG041122, P01AG041122)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Telomeres, Telomerase, and Senescence
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Sirtuins and Resveratrol in Medicine
Keywords
cellular senescence, senescence-associated secretory phenotype, aging, chronic inflammation, age-related diseases, frailty, senolytics, senolytic therapy
MeSH terms
Aging, Animals, Clinical Trials as Topic, DNA Damage, DNA Repair, Humans, Phenotype, Signal Transduction, Cellular Senescence, Inflammation Mediators, Molecular Targeted Therapy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review