Insulin-like growth factor I and interleukin-6 contribute synergistically to disability and mortality in older women
Open accessAbstract
The physiology of age-related functional decline is poorly understood, but may involve hormones and inflammation. We hypothesized that older women with both low IGF-I and high IL-6 levels are at high risk for disability and death. We assessed walking speed and disability in 718 women enrolled in the Women's Health and Aging Study I, a 3-yr cohort study with 5-yr mortality follow-up. Women with IGF-I levels in the lowest quartile and IL-6 levels in the highest quartile had significantly greater limitation in walking and disability in mobility tasks and instrumental activities of daily living than those with neither risk factor (adjusted odds ratios, 10.77, 5.14, and 3.66). Women with both risk factors were at greater risk for death (adjusted relative risk, 2.10) as well as incident walking limitation, mobility disability, and disability in activities of daily living compared with those with high IGF-I and low IL-6 levels. The combination of low IGF-I and high IL-6 levels confers a high risk for progressive disability and death in older women, suggesting an aggregate effect of dysregulation in endocrine and immune systems. The joint effects of IGF-I and IL-6 may be important targets for treatments to prevent or minimize disability associated with aging.
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Observational studies have reported inconsistent associations between IGF-1 and mortality.
“a series of observational studies have reported inconsistent associations (37-41)”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [38]
Inflammation is associated with anabolic resistance in muscle, caused partly by inhibition of perfusion adjustment to anabolic stimuli and partly by inhibition of IGF1 production and signalling.
“inflammation is associated with anabolic resistance in muscle, which is caused partly by inhibition of the perfusion adjustment to anabolic stimuli and partly by inhibition of IGF1 production and signalling”
From Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty (2018) · cites this paper as [237]
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- Authors
- Cappola, A. R., Xue, Q.-L., Ferrucci, L., Guralnik, J. M., Volpato, S., & Fried, L. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, Baltimore (US)
- Istituto Nazionale di Riposo e Cura per Anziani (IT)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- University of Ferrara (IT)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cappola, Anne R.
- Venue
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2003-05
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2019-2025
- ISSN
- 0021-972X (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7197
- OpenAlex
- W1977196617
- Cited by
- 286
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 9.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- University of Pennsylvania
- Quest Diagnostics
- National Institute on Aging (N01AG12112, R01-AG-19905)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- insulin-like growth factor I, interleukin-6, older women, disability, mortality, walking speed, mobility impairment, instrumental activities of daily living, aging, inflammation, endocrine dysfunction, synergistic risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aging, Drug Synergism, Endocrine Glands, Female, Persons with Disabilities, Disabled Persons, Humans, Immunity, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Mortality, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Interleukin-6, Walking
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