Resistance training in the oldest old: consequences for muscle strength, fiber types, fiber size, and MHC isoforms

Kryger, A. I.; Andersen, J. L.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00575.x

Cited by 175Muscle Physiology and DisordersNutrition and Health in AgingCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Resistance training in the oldest old: consequences for muscle strength, fiber types, fiber size, and MHC isoforms

Kryger, A. I., Andersen, J. L.·2007·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

DOI 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00575.x

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Abstract

Resistance training‐related changes in muscle strength, muscle size, fiber type, and myosin heavy chain isoform composition in 11 elderly subjects (age range, 85–97 years) after 12 weeks of heavy resistance training (80% of 1 RM) were examined. Twelve subjects constituted a control group. Resistance training increased isometric knee extensor strength 37% (P<0.05) and isokinetic knee strength 41–47% (P<0.05). Lean‐quadriceps cross‐sectional area increased 9.8% (P<0.05). Muscle fiber hypertrophy occurred only in the type 2 fibers (22% (P<0.05)). Type 1 fiber‐type area percentage decreased [4.0 % (P<0.05)] whereas fiber‐type area percentage of type 2a fibers increased [5.9% (P<0.05)]. The relative amount of myosin heavy chain (MHC) I (P<0.05) decreased and the relative amount of MHC IIA increased (P<0.05). No effects in the overall number of capillaries per area was observed, but an increase in the number of capillary contacts in the type 2 fiber pool was observed. Heavy resistance training does have beneficial effects on muscle strength and muscle volume in very old frail humans. Furthermore, an increase in fiber size of the fast muscle fibers and an overall increase in the relative amount of fast MHC IIA can lead not only to a stronger, but maybe more importantly, to a more powerful skeletal muscle.

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In frail adults older than 85 years, 3 months of resistance training selectively increased type II fibres, which are preferentially lost with ageing.
“In frail adults older than 85 years, 3 months of resistance training selectively increased type II fibres, which are preferentially lost with ageing.128”
From Age-related and disease-related muscle loss: The effect of diabetes, obesity, and other diseases (2014) · cites this paper as [128]
Twelve weeks of high intensity (80% 1-RM) resistance exercise in extremely old (85-97 y) individuals produced significant increases in quadriceps cross-sectional area (10%), Type II muscle fiber hypertrophy (22%), percentage of Type IIa fiber area (6%), and isokinetic knee extensor strength (47%).
“Another investigation examined the effects of 12 weeks of high intensity (80% 1-RM) resistance exercise in the extremely old (85-97 y). The authors reported significant increases in quadriceps cross-sectional area (10%), Type II muscle fiber hypertrophy (22%), percentage of Type IIa fiber area (6%), and isokinetic knee extensor strength (47%) [32].”
From Protecting muscle mass and function in older adults during bed rest (2010) · cites this paper as [32]
Resistance exercise is an effective means of combating the loss of muscle mass and function in a variety of populations.
“Although not specifically evaluated in older adults during bed rest, there is clear evidence that resistance exercise is an effective means of combating the loss of muscle mass and function in a variety of populations [25-34].”
From Protecting muscle mass and function in older adults during bed rest (2010) · cites this paper as [32]

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Authors: Kryger, A. I., & Andersen, J. L.
Affiliations: Bispebjerg Hospital (DK)
Rigshospitalet (DK)
Corresponding author: Kryger, A. I.
ORCID: Andersen, J. L.
Venue: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2007-05-09
Volume: 17
Issue: 4
Pages: 422-430
ISSN: 0905-7188 (ISSN-L)
1600-0838
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00575.x
OpenAlex: W1651443078
Cited by: 175
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 3.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords: resistance training, oldest old, muscle strength, muscle fiber type, muscle fiber hypertrophy, myosin heavy chain isoforms, MHC IIa, MHC class I, quadriceps cross-sectional area, quadriceps strength, capillary density, muscle power, frail elderly
MeSH terms: Aged, 80 and over, Denmark, Female, Humans, Male, Weight Lifting, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Myosin Heavy Chains, Protein Isoforms

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Resistance training in the oldest old: consequences for muscle strength, fiber types, fiber size, and MHC isoforms

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