Resistance training induces qualitative changes in muscle morphology, muscle architecture, and muscle function in elderly postoperative patients
Abstract
Although the negative effects of bed rest on muscle strength and muscle mass are well established, it still remains a challenge to identify effective methods to restore physical capacity of elderly patients recovering from hospitalization. The present study compared different training regimes with respect to muscle strength, muscle fiber size, muscle architecture, and stair walking power in elderly postoperative patients. Thirty-six patients (60–86 yr) scheduled for unilateral hip replacement surgery due to hip osteoarthritis were randomized to either 1) resistance training (RT: 3/wk × 12 wk), 2) electrical stimulation (ES: 1 h/day × 12 wk), or 3) standard rehabilitation (SR: 1 h/day × 12 wk). All measurements were performed at baseline, at 5 wk and 12 wk postsurgery. After 12 wk of resistance training, maximal dynamic muscle strength increased by 30% at 60°/s ( P < 0.05) and by 29% at 180°/s ( P < 0.05); muscle fiber area increased for type I (+17%, P < 0.05), type IIa (+37%, P < 0.05), and type IIx muscle fibers (+51%, P < 0.05); and muscle fiber pennation angle increased by 22% and muscle thickness increased by 15% ( P < 0.05). Furthermore, stair walking power increased by 35% ( P < 0.05) and was related to the increase in type II fiber area ( r = 0.729, P < 0.05). In contrast, there was no increase in any measurement outcomes with electrical stimulation and standard rehabilitation. The present study is the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of resistance training to induce beneficial qualitative changes in muscle fiber morphology and muscle architecture in elderly postoperative patients. In contrast, rehabilitation regimes based on functional exercises and neuromuscular electrical stimulation had no effect. The present data emphasize the importance of resistance training in future rehabilitation programs for elderly individuals.
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Resistance exercise is an effective means of combating the loss of muscle mass and function in a variety of populations.
“Although not specifically evaluated in older adults during bed rest, there is clear evidence that resistance exercise is an effective means of combating the loss of muscle mass and function in a variety of populations [25-34].”
From Protecting muscle mass and function in older adults during bed rest (2010) · cites this paper as [33]
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- Authors
- Suetta, C., Andersen, J. L., Dalgas, U., Berget, J., Koskinen, S., Aagaard, P., Magnusson, S. P., & Kjaer, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Venue
- Journal of Applied Physiology
- Publisher
- American Physiological Society
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 180-186
- ISSN
- 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
- 8750-7587
- 1522-1601
- OpenAlex
- W1966146867
- Cited by
- 184
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Keywords
- resistance training, older adults, postoperative rehabilitation, total hip arthroplasty, hip osteoarthritis, muscle strength, muscle fiber size, muscle architecture, pennation angle, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, muscle fiber type, bed rest
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Body Weight, Electric Stimulation, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Osteoarthritis, Physical Fitness, Weight Lifting, Body Mass Index, Walking, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, Muscle Strength
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