The association of sleep duration and depressive symptoms in rural communities of Missouri, Tennessee, and Arkansas
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: To determine the association between sleep duration and depressive symptoms in a rural setting. Methods: We conducted a cross‐sectional study using data from Wave 3 of the Walk the Ozarks to Wellness Project including 12 rural communities in Missouri, Arkansas, and Tennessee (N = 1,204). Sleep duration was defined based on average weeknight and weekend hours per day: short (<7), optimal (7‐8), and long (>8). The primary outcome was self‐reported elevated depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aPOR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Findings: Elevated depressive symptoms were common in this rural population (17%). Depressive symptoms were more prevalent among subjects with short (26.1%) and long (24%) sleep duration compared to those with optimal (11.8%) sleep duration. After adjusting for age, gender, race, education, employment status, income, and BMI, short sleep duration was associated with increased odds of elevated depressive symptoms (aPOR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.49, 3.01), compared to optimal sleep duration. Conversely, the association between long sleep duration and depressive symptoms was not statistically significant after covariate adjustment. Similar findings were observed when we excluded individuals with insomnia symptoms for analysis. Conclusions: This study suggests that short sleep duration (<7 hours per night) and depressive symptoms are common among rural populations. Short sleep duration is positively associated with elevated depressive symptoms. The economic and health care burden of depression may be more overwhelming among rural populations, necessitating the need to target modifiable behaviors such as sleep habits to improve mental health.
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Short self-reported sleep duration is associated with increased cross-sectional and longitudinal risk for depression, whether measured as symptoms or as a diagnosis.
“Short self-reported sleep duration is associated with increased cross-sectional and longitudinal risk for depression, whether measured as symptoms or as a diagnosis.77,79–84,86”
Short self-reported sleep duration is associated with increased cross-sectional and longitudinal risk for depression, whether measured as symptoms or as a diagnosis.
“Short self-reported sleep duration is associated with increased cross-sectional and longitudinal risk for depression, whether measured as symptoms or as a diagnosis.77,[79][80][81][82][83][84]86”
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Estimates of short sleep duration among US rural and urban women with prediabetes
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The Association Between Short Sleep Duration and Depressive Symptoms Among Elderly Farmers
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- Authors
- Chang, J. J., Salas, J., Habicht, K., Pien, G. W., Stamatakis, K. A., & Brownson, R. C.
- Affiliations
- Saint Louis University (US)
- South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chang, Jen Jen
- Venue
- The Journal of Rural Health
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2011-10-21
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 268-276
- ISSN
- 0890-765X (ISSN-L)
- 1748-0361
- PMC
- PMC3476945
- OpenAlex
- W1543335921
- Cited by
- 46
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Rural Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (KL2TR000450, 5r18dk061706-04)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K01MH085976)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (5 R18DK061706, R18 DK061706, P30DK092950)
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U48-DP000060)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- sleep duration, depressive symptoms, rural health, short sleep duration, long sleep, insomnia, mental health, rural communities
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Arkansas, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Missouri, Surveys and Questionnaires, Rural Population, Sleep, Tennessee, Time Factors, Prevalence
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