Drug addiction as a disorder of associative learning. Role of nucleus accumbens shell/extended amygdala dopamine
Abstract
Conventional reinforcers phasically stimulate dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens shell. This property undergoes one-trial habituation consistent with a role of nucleus accumbens shell dopamine in associative learning. Experimental studies with place- and taste-conditioning paradigms confirm this role. Addictive drugs share with conventional reinforcers the property of stimulating dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens shell. This response, however, undergoes one-trial habituation in the case of conventional reinforcers but not of drugs. Resistance to habituation allows drugs to repetitively activate dopamine transmission in the shell upon repeated self-administration. This process abnormally facilitates associative learning, leading to the attribution of excessive motivational value to discrete stimuli or contexts predictive of drug availability. Addiction is therefore the expression of the excessive control over behavior acquired by drug-related stimuli as a result of abnormal strenghtening of stimulus-drug contingencies by nondecremental drug-induced stimulation of dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens shell.
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The nucleus accumbens is crucially involved in substance abuse and dependence.
“Beyond reward and craving, the nucleus accumbens is crucially involved in substance abuse and dependence (36-38)”
From Effects of dietary glycemic index on brain regions related to reward and craving in men (2013) · cites this paper as [36]
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- Authors
- DI CHIARA, G., TANDA, G., BASSAREO, V., PONTIERI, F., ACQUAS, E., FENU, S., CADONI, C., & CARBONI, E.
- Affiliations
- University of Cagliari (IT)
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1999-06
- Volume
- 877
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 461-485
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W1966864307
- Cited by
- 242
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 0.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- drug addiction, nucleus accumbens shell, extended amygdala, dopamine, associative learning, place conditioning, taste conditioning, self-administration, motivational value
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Association Learning, Caudate Nucleus, Conditioning, Psychological, Dopamine, Humans, Models, Neurological, Nucleus Accumbens, Substance-Related Disorders
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