Gut Microbiota Composition Is Related to Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Young Adults
Open accessAbstract
Bacteria residing in the human gastrointestinal tract has a symbiotic relationship with its host. Animal models have demonstrated a relationship between exercise and gut microbiota composition. This was the first study to explore the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption, VO 2 max) and relative gut microbiota composition (Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio [F/B]) in healthy young adults in a free-living environment. Twenty males and 17 females (25.7 ± 2.2 years), who did not take antibiotics in the last 6 months, volunteered for this study. VO 2 max was measured using a symptom-limited graded treadmill test. Relative microbiota composition was determined by analyzing DNA extracted from stool samples using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction that specifically measured the quantity of a target gene (16S rRNA) found in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Relationships between F/B and potentially related dietary, anthropometric, and fitness variables were assessed using correlation analyses with an appropriate Bonferroni adjustment ( p < .004). The average F/B ratio in all participants was 0.94 ± 0.03. The F/B ratio was significantly correlated to VO 2 max ( r = .48, p < .003), but no other fitness, nutritional intake, or anthropometric variables ( p > .004). VO 2 max explained ∼22% of the variance of an individual’s relative gut bacteria as determined by the F/B ratio. These data support animal findings, demonstrating a relationship between relative human gut microbiota composition and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy young adults. Gastrointestinal bacteria is integral in regulating a myriad of physiological processes, and greater insight regarding ramifications of exercise and nutrition on gut microbial composition may help guide therapies to promote human health.
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VO2max accounted for ~22% of the variance of an individual's relative gut bacteria as determined by the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio.
“While no other relationships between the gut microbiota and fitness, nutritional intake, or anthropometric variables were found, VO2max accounted for ~ 22% of the variance of an individual’s relative gut bacteria (as determined by the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio).”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [93]
Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly positively correlated to VO2max.
“Durk et al. [93] also explored the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and relative gut microbiota composition in healthy young adults showing that Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly positively correlated to VO2max.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [93]
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“The results showed that VO2max was positively associated with an increase in F/B ratio, thus suggesting that exercise training may elicit favorable shifts in gut microbial composition in young healthy adults [158].”
BackgroundEffects of altitude on human oral microbes
Fang, L., Liang, T., Zhang, Z., Liu, L., Li, J., Dong, W., Zhang, H., Bai, S., Ma, L., & Kang, L. (2021) · AMB Express · doi:10.1186/s13568-021-01200-0 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Aya, V., Jiménez, P., Muñoz, E., & Ramírez, J. D. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-04066-y · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“We also identified in this systematic review that similar to results presented in cross-sectional studies with young adults [58, 106], consumption of oxygen by older men and women is correlated with species richness and higher diversity of bacterial members of the gut microbiota [90, 97, 100], which reinforce the hypo…”
BackgroundResultA review: Resistant starch, a promising prebiotic for obesity and weight management
Thompson, M. S., Yan, T. H., Saari, N., & Sarbini, S. R. (2022) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101965 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Clark, J. S., Simpson, B. S., & Murphy, K. J. (2021) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114521003251 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Prausnitzii, and decreased relative abundance of Odoribacteraceae and Barnesiellaceae Estaki et al.(79) Cross-sectional Healthy young adults with varying levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (n 39) N/A No significant differences in dietary intake were reported.”
BackgroundZeppa, S. D., Amatori, S., Sisti, D., Gervasi, M., Agostini, D., Piccoli, G., Pazienza, V., Gobbi, P., Rocchi, M., Sestili, P., et al. (2021) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-021-00471-z · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“VO2max has also been correlated with a higher F/B ratio [52, 53], although studies showed contrasting results [54].”
ResultLi, C., Zhou, W., Li, M., Shu, X., Zhang, L. R., & Ji, G. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111587 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kulecka, M., Frączek, B., Bałabas, A., Czarnowski, P., Żeber‐Lubecka, N., Zapała, B., Bagińska, K., Głowienka, M., Szot, M., Skorko, M., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1092846 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“The Polish version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to measure the physical activity of esports players and students of physical education (26).”
MethodType, Intensity, and Duration of Exercise as Regulator of Gut Microbiome Profile
Suryani, ., Alfaqih, M. S., Gunadi, J. W., Sylviana, N., Goenawan, H., Megantara, I., & Lesmana, R. (2022) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000940 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Mach, N., Midoux, C., Leclercq, S., Pennarun, S., Moyec, L. L., Rué, O., Robert, C., Sallé, G., & Barrey, É. (2022) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-022-03977-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Brooks, C. N., Wight, M. E., Azeez, O. E., Bleich, R. M., & Zwetsloot, K. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2023.1168731 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“, Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio) between participants with varied fitness levels (111, 112).”
BackgroundAcute exposure to simulated high-altitude hypoxia alters gut microbiota in mice
Wang, F., Zhang, H., Xu, T. C., Hu, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2022) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-022-03031-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Komodromou, I., Andreou, E. P., Vlahoyiannis, A., Christofidou, M., Felekkis, K. N., Pieri, M., & Giannaki, C. D. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16050660 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Other body composition parameters, apart from BMI, were correlated with the gut microbiome composition in seven studies [34,40,41,45,65,66,70].”
BackgroundInfluentialDietary Strategies to Improve Exercise Performance by Modulating the Gut Microbiota
Zhang, L., Li, H., Song, Z., Liu, Y., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods13111680 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Exercise-related alterations in the gut microbiota and microbial metabolite variations have also been reported, indicating that the gut microbiota may influence the effects of exercise [12,26].”
BackgroundSampsell, K., Wang, W., Ohland, C., Mager, L. F., Pett, N., Lowry, D. E., Sales, K. M., McNeely, M. L., McCoy, K. D., Culos-Reed, S. N., et al. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14112722 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Kim, H. J., Kim, Y. J., Park, D., Lee, S. G., Kim, H. S., Baek, J. H., Kim, H. S., Kim, I. Y., & Seong, J. K. (2022) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-023-01063-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Ghaffar, T., Ubaldi, F., Volpini, V., Valeriani, F., & Spica, V. R. (2024) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports12080221 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“As previously reported in the literature, increasing exercise training was observed to affect the composition of the gut microbiota, particularly decreasing Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes), and increasing Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes), indicating a shift in the B/B ratio [62–64].”
BackgroundResultSochacka, K., Kotowska, A., & Lachowicz, S. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16071039 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Hampton-Marcell et al. [144] and Durk et al. [145] conducted studies that revealed variations in the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio in response to exercise.”
BackgroundResultDiet, Probiotics and Physical Activity: The Right Allies for a Healthy Microbiota
Divella, R., Palma, G. D., Tufaro, A., Pelagio, G., Gadaleta‐Caldarola, G., Bringiotti, R., & Paradiso, A. (2021) · Anticancer Research · doi:10.21873/anticanres.15057 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Gut check: Unveiling the influence of acute exercise on the gut microbiota
Grosicki, G. J., Langan, S. P., Bagley, J. R., Galpin, A. J., Garner, D., Hampton‐Marcell, J., Allen, J. M., & Robinson, A. T. (2023) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep091446 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Health behaviours, including sleep (Grosicki et al., 2020), physical activity (Durk et al., 2019), sedentary behaviour (Bressa et al., 2017), hydration (Willis et al., 2021) and diet (Singh et al., 2017) have all been associated with alterations to the gut microbiota.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMicrobiota–gut–brain axis: the mediator of exercise and brain health
Kang, P., & Wang, A. (2024) · Psychoradiology · doi:10.1093/psyrad/kkae007 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“…al studies, both in animals and humans, provide evidence that exercise increases the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes phyla , which has been reported substantial correlation with maximal o xygen uptak e (Durk et al. , 2019 ; Kang et al. , 2014 ; Lambert et al. , 2015 ; Petriz et al. , 2014 ).”
BackgroundOptimizing Microbiota Profiles for Athletes
Mancin, L., Rollo, I., Mota, J. F., Piccini, F., Carletti, M., Susto, G. A., Valle, G., & Paoli, A. (2020) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000236 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“increase in abundance of SCFA (39,42), and a direct association between cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption [V̇O2max]) and the relative composition of microbiota (Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio) (43).”
BackgroundAkazawa, N., Nakamura, M., Eda, N., Murakami, H., Nakagata, T., Nanri, H., Park, J., Hosomi, K., Mizuguchi, K., Kunisawa, J., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2023.1219345 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Similarly, the increased Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B) has been associated with higher VO2max in general heathy young adults (32).”
BackgroundOptimizing the Gut Microbiota for Individualized Performance Development in Elite Athletes
Nolte, S., Krüger, K., Lenz, C., & Zentgraf, K. (2023) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology12121491 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“…studies, suggesting that VO 2 max positively correlates with the gut microbiota, more specifically with the metabolic functions of the bacteria [29,30] fitness correlates with an increase in the diversity of the microbial community and that these results are centered around functions more than…”
BackgroundHumińska‐Lisowska, K., Zielińska, K., Mieszkowski, J., Michałowska‐Sawczyn, M., Cięszczyk, P., Łabaj, P. P., Wasąg, B., Frączek, B., Grzywacz, A., Kochanowicz, A., et al. (2024) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0297858 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Diet Is a Stronger Covariate than Exercise in Determining Gut Microbial Richness and Diversity
Yun, E.-J., Imdad, S., Jang, J.-H., Park, J.-H., So, B., Kim, J., & Kang, C. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14122507 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“VO2 max, the maximum rate of oxygen consumption, is a measure of physical fitness and it was found to be correlated with the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes (B/F) ratio [28].”
BackgroundMa, X., Duan, C., Wang, X., Tao, Y., Yang, L., Teng, Y., Pan, Y., Zhang, M., Xu, J., Sheng, J., et al. (2025) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/spectrum.02916-24 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Marfil-Sánchez, A., Seelbinder, B., Ni, Y., Varga, J. T., Berta, J., Hollósi, V., Döme, B., Megyesfalvi, Z., Dulka, E., Gálffy, G., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259898 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Grosicki, G. J., Pugh, J. N., Wosinska, L., Quilter, K., Mattimoe, D., Allen, J. M., Joyce, S. A., O’Sullivan, Ó., & Close, G. L. (2023) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00024.2023 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationThe gut mucin-microbiota interactions: a missing key to optimizing endurance performance
Clark, A. P., & Mach, N. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1284423 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Aoki, T., Oyanagi, E., Watanabe, C., Kobiki, N., Miura, S., Yokogawa, Y., Kitamura, H., Teramoto, F., Kremenik, M. J., & Yano, H. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12092508 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“relationship between · VO2max and F/B ratio [33], and an animal experiment showed that Juvenile onset exercise increased Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes [34].”
BackgroundPrzewłócka, K., Folwarski, M., Kaczmarczyk, M., Skonieczna‐Żydecka, K., Palma, J., Bytowska, Z. K., Kujach, S., & Kaczor, J. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1256226 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Regulation of Orthopaedic Diseases by Gut Microbiota
Sun, P., Liu, J., Chen, G., & Guo, Y. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17101702 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“In a study by Durk et al. [174] on young healthy individuals, a higher Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly correlated with higher VO2max.”
Williams, C. J., Torquati, L., Li, Z., Lea, R. A., Croci, I., Keating, E., Little, J. P., Eynon, N., & Coombes, J. S. (2021) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxab426 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Dairy consumption and physical fitness tests associated with fecal microbiome in a Chinese cohort
Jie, Z., Liang, S., Ding, Q., Li, F., Sun, X., Lin, Y., Chen, P., Cai, K., Wang, X., Zhang, T., et al. (2021) · Medicine in Microecology · doi:10.1016/j.medmic.2021.100038 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“Different levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, one kind of physical fitness, have been found to be associated with distinct microbial compositions [6,7].”
BackgroundMańkowska, K., Marchelek‐Myśliwiec, M., Kochan, P., Kosik-Bogacka, D. I., Konopka, T., Grygorcewicz, B., Roszkowska, P., Cecerska‐Heryć, E., Siennicka, A., Konopka, J., et al. (2022) · Archives of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00203-022-03111-5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“These changes create a natural barrier that prevents pathogenic bacteria from penetrating the intestinal epithelium (Durk et al. 2018).”
BackgroundAlmeida, C., Nobre, J. G., Costa, D. A., & Barata, P. (2023) · Frontiers in Gastroenterology · doi:10.3389/fgstr.2023.1235126 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Modulation of oral microbiota: A new frontier in exercise supplementation
Bescós, R., Brookes, Z. L. S., Belfield, L., Fernández‐Sanjurjo, M., & Casas‐Agustench, P. (2020) · PharmaNutrition · doi:10.1016/j.phanu.2020.100230 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“We believe that chronic exercise may promote positive changes in the composition and activity of the oral microbiome, much like studies on the gut microbiome have reported (4, 5, 67-73).”
A Bibliometric Analysis on the Research Trend of Exercise and the Gut Microbiome
Deng, R., Wang, M., Song, Y., & Shi, Y. (2023) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms11040903 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The impact of preterm adversity on cardiorespiratory function
McDonald, F. B., Dempsey, E. M., & O’Halloran, K. D. (2019) · Experimental Physiology · doi:10.1113/ep087490 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“A number of recent papers have highlighted modulating effects of the microbiome on the cardiorespiratory system (Adnan et al., 2017; Durk et al., 2019; Ganesh et al., 2018; Lucking et al., 2018; O’Connor et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2017).”
BackgroundShi, Y., Wang, P., Zhou, D., Huang, L., Zhang, L., Gao, X., Maitiabula, G., Wang, S., & Wang, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.827071 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Recent studies have shown that the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio is closely associated with increased physical performance (Durk et al., 2019).”
BackgroundGut microbiota and physical activity level: characterization from sedentary to soccer players
Petri, C., Mascherini, G., Izzicupo, P., Rosati, D., Cerboneschi, M., Smeazzetto, S., & Suarez-Arrones, L. J. (2024) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2024.134759 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“While our soccer players’ values were comparable to those of healthy young adults in the Durk et al. study [28], although not significantly different, the sedentary sub - jects in our study showed higher F/B values.”
ResultFeng, V., Bawa, K. K., Marzolini, S., Kiss, A., OH, P. I., Herrmann, N., Lanctôt, K. L., & Gallagher, D. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260165 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Cardiorespiratory fitness is known to increase some protective species of gut microbiota [7] but its impact on biomarkers of gut barrier permeability is not clear.”
BackgroundSanborn, V. E., Aljumaah, M. R., Azcárate-Peril, M. A., & Gunstad, J. (2022) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2021-0557 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Zeppa, S. D., Natalucci, V., Agostini, D., Vallorani, L., Amatori, S., Sisti, D., Rocchi, M., Pazienza, V., Perri, F., Villani, A., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.1225645 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kovynev, A., Ying, Z., Zhang, S., Olgiati, E., Lambooij, J. M., Visentin, C., Guigas, B., Ducarmon, Q. R., Rensen, P. C. N., & Schönke, M. (2024) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/jpi.70003 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Bertuccioli, A., Zonzini, G. B., Cazzaniga, M., Cardinali, M., Pierro, F. D., Gregoretti, A., Zerbinati, N., Guasti, L., Matera, M. R., Cavecchia, I., et al. (2024) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms12040804 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“…between a high Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and VO2max [37], between microbial diversity, butyrate producers, and cardiorespiratory fitness, further highlighting peculiar microbial pathways in athletes involved in butyrate production, carbohydrate metabolism, and nitrogenous substances [37,38].”
BackgroundLi, X., Li, Y., Mao, J., Bian, Q., Xuan, Y., Shen, T., & Li, S. (2021) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2021/9975407 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“A small human study analyzed the association between intestinal bacterial composition and cardiopulmonary health indicators in 38 healthy young subjects and showed that the F/B ratio was associated with the maximum oxygen consumption of the subjects [23].”
BackgroundBrito, J. L. B. C., Grosicki, G. J., Robinson, A. T., Coburn, J. W., Costa, P. B., Holmes, K. E., Lyon, G., Hakonsson, Z., Conti, F., & Galpin, A. J. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00008.2025 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationMartínez‐Téllez, B., Xu, H., Ortiz-Alvarez, L., Rodríguez‐García, C., Schönke, M., Jurado‐Fasoli, L., Osuna‐Prieto, F. J., Alcántara, J. M. A., Acosta, F. M., Amaro‐Gahete, F. J., et al. (2025) · Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2025.04.008 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Survey of the fecal microbiota of indigenous small ruminants living in different areas of Guizhou
Guo, W., Liu, T., Wang, W., Yu, Y., Neves, A. L. A., Zhou, M., & Chen, X. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1415230 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Linder, B. A., Jeong, S., Stute, N. L., El-Kurd, O. B., Vondrasek, J. D., Pasternak, A. V., Bagley, J. R., Watso, J. C., Schlader, Z. J., Babcock, M. C., et al. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00289.2025 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationSanborn, V. E., & Gunstad, J. (2020) · Geriatrics · doi:10.3390/geriatrics5040063 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Duan, R., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Shi, J., Xue, R., Liu, R., Miao, Y., Zhou, X., Lv, Y., Shen, H., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1343219 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The athlete gut microbiota: state of the art and practical guidance
Pérez-Castillo, Í. M., Sabag-Daigle, A., Chicharro, J. L., Mihic, N., Rueda, R., & Bouzamondo, H. (2024) · Beneficial Microbes · doi:10.1163/18762891-bja00007 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Jaago, M., Timmusk, U. S., Timmusk, T., & Palm, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.654008 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Firmicutes (30, 31) and that F/B ratio correlated significantly with cardiorespiratory fitness (32).”
BackgroundExercise as a modulator of gut microbiota for improvement of sleep quality: a narrative review
Zhao, B., Sun, J., Xiang, L., & Su, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1639099 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Solak, H. M., Kreisinger, J., Čížková, D., Sezgın, E., Schmiedová, L., Murtskhvaladze, M., Henning, Y., Çolak, F., Matur, F., & Yanchukov, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1476845 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mach, N., Midoux, C., Leclercq, S., Pennarun, S., Moyec, L. L., Rué, O., Robert, C., Sallé, G., & Barrey, É. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.01.24.477461 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Impact of active lifestyle on the primary school children saliva microbiota composition
Mancini, A., Cerulli, C., Vitucci, D., Lasorsa, V. A., Parente, D., Credico, A. D., Orrù, S., Brustio, P. R., Lupo, C., Rainoldi, A., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1226891 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“In particular, GM diversity has been associated to cardiorespiratory fitness (11, 16, 17) and to VO2max in adults (18).”
BackgroundGanci, M., Butt, H., Tyrrell, J., Suleyman, E., & Ball, M. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01700-z · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Rethinking Parkinson Disease: Exploring Gut-Brain Interactions and the Potential Role of Exercise
Zapanta, K., Schroeder, E. T., & Fisher, B. E. (2022) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzac022 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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The alteration of oral microbiota before and after training in swimmers
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The Relationship between the Gut Microbiota and Exercise: A Narrative Review
Domínguez-Balmaseda, D., & García-Pérez-de-Sevilla, G. (2022) · Hygiene · doi:10.3390/hygiene2040014 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“compared active women with sedentary controls and found that women who engaged in at least 3 h of exercise per week had increased levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia hominis, and Akkermansia muciniphila [30], which are producers of butyrate [31], while A.”
BackgroundMachine Learning Reveals Microbial Taxa Associated with a Swim across the Pacific Ocean
Lewis, G. S., Reczek, S., Omozusi, O., Hogue, T., Cook, M. D., & Hampton-Marcell, J. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12102309 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The relationship between exercise—its frequency and volume—and the GM is associated with body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness, suggesting a similar or shared pathway for muscular endurance and metabolic health [10,11].”
BackgroundThe effect of physical activity on gut microbiota. A review
Barzak, B., Hankus, K., Parmar, S., & Woźniak, S. (2022) · Medical Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.2478/acb-2022-0021 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Plasma longitudinal metabolic changes with acute maximal aerobic exercise and one-hour recovery
Fountain, W. A., Donegà, S., Banskota, N., Moaddel, R., Patel, M., Zukley, L. M., Church, S., Bustin, K. M., Egan, J. M., Walston, J. D., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2025.1613238 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
- Authors
- Durk, R. P., Castillo, E., Márquez-Magaña, L., Grosicki, G. J., Bolter, N. D., Lee, C. M., & Bagley, J. R.
- Affiliations
- San Francisco State University (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bagley, James R.
- Venue
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
- Publisher
- Human Kinetics
- Published
- 2019-05-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 249-253
- ISSN
- 1526-484X (ISSN-L)
- 1543-2742
- PMC
- PMC6487229
- OpenAlex
- W2831365105
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 5
- FWCI
- 3.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (UL1GM118985)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, cardiorespiratory fitness, VO2max, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, physical activity, young adults, dietary intake, anthropometric variables, 16S rRNA gene quantification
- MeSH terms
- Bacillota, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Adult, Diet, Female, Humans, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Exercise, Bacteroidetes, Gastrointestinal Tract, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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