Cited by 358Circadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Wakefulness ResearchHypothalamic control of reproductive hormones

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Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Use of 14 C-Labeled Deoxyglucose Uptake as a Functional Marker

Schwartz, William J., Gainer, Harold·1977·Science

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Abstract

Glucose consumption of the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) was studied under various experimental conditions by means of the [ 14 C]deoxyglucose (DG) technique. The results show that glucose consumption of the SCN, in contrast to other brain structures, is a function of both the time of day and environmental lighting conditions. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the SCN have an essential role in circadian rhythm regulation and indicate that the DG technique may provide a novel approach for the study of the central neural mechanisms underlying circadian rhythm regulation.

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THE [ 14 C]DEOXYGLUCOSE METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF LOCAL CEREBRAL GLUCOSE UTILIZATION: THEORY, PROCEDURE, AND NORMAL VALUES IN THE CONSCIOUS AND ANESTHETIZED ALBINO RAT 1
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Minireview: the neuroendocrinology of the suprachiasmatic nucleus as a conductor of body time in mammals
Karatsoreos, I. N., & Silver, R. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2007-1083 · Cited by 101
“The SCN tissue as a whole oscillates on a circadian basis as can be shown by rhythmic glucose metabolism (18) or gene expression studies (19).”
Background
Autoradiographic maps of regional brain glucose consumption in resting, awake rats using [14c] 2‐deoxyglucose
Schwartz, W. J., & Sharp, F. R. (1978) · The Journal of comparative neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901770210 · Cited by 100
Self-citation
The Role of Kisspeptin and RFamide‐Related Peptide‐3 Neurones in the Circadian‐Timed Preovulatory Luteinising Hormone Surge
Khan, A. R., & Kauffman, A. S. (2012) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02162.x · Cited by 99
Glutamatergic clock output stimulates melatonin synthesis at night
Perreau‐Lenz, S., Kalsbeek, A., Pévet, P., & Buijs, R. (2004) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.0953-816x.2003.03132.x · Cited by 99
Circadian Systems and Metabolism
Roenneberg, T., & Merrow, M. (1999) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873099129001019 · Cited by 99
“Second, one of the early methods of showing rhythmicity within the SCN in vivo was based on circadian changes in neuronal metabolism, as determined by the uptake of radioactive deoxyglucose (Schwartz and Gainer, 1977).”
Method
Processing of Environmental Information in Vertebrates
Stetson, M. H. (1988) · Proceedings in Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3740-2 · Cited by 99
Food-Anticipatory Circadian Rhythms in Rats with Paraventricular and Lateral Hypothalamic Ablations
Mistlberger, R., & Rusak, B. (1988) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/074873048800300306 · Cited by 97
The biological clock of very premature primate infants is responsive to light
Hao, H., & Rivkees, S. A. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.5.2426 · Cited by 93
Computer assisted analysis of 2-DG autoradiographs.
Gallistel, C., Piner, C., Allen, T. O., Adler, N. T., Yadin, E., & Negin, M. (1982) · Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/0149-7634(82)90024-0 · Cited by 93
Daily regulation of hormone profiles.
Kalsbeek, A., & Fliers, E. (2013) · Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-25950-0_8 · Cited by 91
“However, the main neuronal activity of the SCN during daytime (Bos and Mirmiran 1990; Inouye and Kawamura 1979; Schwartz and Gainer 1977; Shibata et al. 1982) seems to be in clear contradiction with such a pronounced stimulatory role during the dark period.”
Background
Role of SCN in Daily Rhythms of Plasma Glucose, FFA, Insulin and Glucagon
Yamamoto, H., Nagai, K., & Nakagawa, H. (1987) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528709078539 · Cited by 90
Hypothalamic expression of a novel gene product, VGF: immunocytochemical analysis
van den Pol, A. N., Decavel, C., Levi, A., & Paterson, B. (1989) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-12-04122.1989 · Cited by 90
The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: A Clock of Multiple Components
Lee, H. S., Billings, H., & Lehman, M. N. (2003) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730403259106 · Cited by 89
“Early studies of the rhythmic properties of the SCN, based on measurements of glucose metabolism (Schwartz and Gainer, 1977; Shibata and Moore, 1988) and electrophysiological multiunit activity (MUA) (Inouye and Kawamura, 1979), illustrated the endogenous and self-sustaining nature of SCN rhythms.”
Background
Electrical and metabolic activity of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons in hamster hypothalamic slices.
Shibata, S., & Moore, R. (1988) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)91367-4 · Cited by 88
The Radioactive Deoxyglucose Method
Sokoloff, L. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7541-8_1 · Cited by 88
Chronobiology of the intestinal tract of the mouse.
Scheving, L., Tsai, T., & Scheving, L. A. (1983) · American Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1002/aja.1001680405 · Cited by 86
Circadian Clock Regulation of pH in the Rabbit Retina
Dmitriev, A., & Mangel, S. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-08-02897.2001 · Cited by 85
“Studies that have used 2-deoxyglucose to measure metabolic activity have indicated that a circadian clock also regulates metabolic activity in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (Schwartz and Gainer, 1977).”
Method
Functional activity of the suprachiasmatic nuclei in the fetal primate.
Reppert, S., & Schwartz, W. (1984) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(84)90432-4 · Cited by 85
Self-citation
Circadian blueprint of metabolic pathways in the brain
Greco, C. M., & Sassone‐Corsi, P. (2018) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41583-018-0096-y · Cited by 94
Circadian regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling in the mouse suprachiasmatic nucleus
Cao, R., Anderson, F. E., Jung, Y. J., Dziema, H., & Obrietan, K. H. (2011) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.03.005 · Cited by 89
“Along these lines, SCN neuronal activity and glucose metabolism, peak during the middle of the subjective day (Schwartz and Gainer, 1977; Shibata and Moore, 1988).”
Background
Regional metabolic activity in the rat brain during sleep-wake activity.
Ramm, P., & Frost, B. J. (1983) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/6.3.196 · Cited by 82
“Metabolic activity has been repeatedly used as a measure of functional activity in the scn, and has been found to exhibit circadian rhythmicity (71,72).”
Method
Vaginocervical stimulation selectively increases metabolic activity in the rat brain.
Allen, T. R., Adler, N., Greenberg, J., & Reivich, M. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7466382 · Cited by 81
The locus coeruleus, catecholamines, and REM sleep: a critical review.
Ramm, P. (1979) · Behavioral and Neural Biology · doi:10.1016/s0163-1047(79)90212-7 · Cited by 79
Photic responses of suprachiasmatic area neurons in diurnal degus (Octodon degus) and nocturnal rats (Rattus norvegicus).
Jiao, Y.-Y., Lee, T. M., & Rusak, B. (1999) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01218-9 · Cited by 78

Authors: Schwartz, W. J., & Gainer, H.
Affiliations: Neurology, Inc (US)
National Institutes of Health (US)
ORCID: Schwartz, William J.
Venue: Science
Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published: 1977-09-09
Volume: 197
Issue: 4308
Pages: 1089-1091
ISSN: 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
1095-9203
DOI: 10.1126/science.887940
OpenAlex: W2036301926
Cited by: 358
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 5.03
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
Keywords: suprachiasmatic nucleus, glucose utilization, circadian regulation, circadian rhythm, light exposure, time of day, brain glucose metabolism
MeSH terms: Animals, Autoradiography, Circadian Rhythm, Deoxy Sugars, Deoxyglucose, Female, Glucose, Hypothalamus, Light, Supraoptic Nucleus, Rats

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Suprachiasmatic Nucleus: Use of 14 C-Labeled Deoxyglucose Uptake as a Functional Marker

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