Minireview: the neuroendocrinology of the suprachiasmatic nucleus as a conductor of body time in mammals
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Circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior are regulated by a master clock resident in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, and dysfunctions in the circadian system can lead to serious health effects. This paper reviews the organization of the SCN as the brain clock, how it regulates gonadal hormone secretion, and how androgens modulate aspects of circadian behavior known to be regulated by the SCN. We show that androgen receptors are restricted to a core SCN region that receives photic input as well as afferents from arousal systems in the brain. We suggest that androgens modulate circadian behavior directly via actions on the SCN and that both androgens and estrogens modulate circadian rhythms through an indirect route, by affecting overall activity and arousal levels. Thus, this system has multiple levels of regulation; the SCN regulates circadian rhythms in gonadal hormone secretion, and hormones feed back to influence SCN functions.
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Reproductive hormones feedback on the circadian system.
“In turn, reproductive hormones feedback on the circadian system [89].”
From The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype (2012) · cites this paper as [89]
The circadian timekeeping system is sensitive to gonadal hormones because it plays an integral role in the HPG axis.
“According to the gonadal hormone “feedback” theory, the circadian timekeeping system is sensitive to gonadal hormones because it plays an integral role in the HPG axis (as reviewed earlier; [89]).”
From The neuroendocrine control of the circadian system: Adolescent chronotype (2012) · cites this paper as [89]
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- Authors
- Karatsoreos, I. N., & Silver, R.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- Venue
- Endocrinology
- Publisher
- The Endocrine Society
- Published
- 2007-12-01
- Volume
- 148
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5640-5647
- ISSN
- 0013-7227 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-7170
- PMC
- PMC3423957
- OpenAlex
- W2116272264
- Cited by
- 101
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-37919, NS 023224, R01NS037919)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- suprachiasmatic nucleus, circadian rhythm, neuroendocrinology, androgen receptor, estrogen, arousal system, circadian activity, hypothalamus, circadian pacemaker
- MeSH terms
- Androgens, Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Estrogens, Mammals, Models, Biological, Neuroendocrinology, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Gonadal Hormones
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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