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Seasonal cycling in the gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers of Tanzania
Open accessAbstract
Seasonal diets, seasonal microbiota: Among the Hadza of western Tanzania, a few hundred people still live in small groups as hunter-gatherers, reliant solely on the wild environment for food. Smits et al. found that the microbiota of these people reflects the seasonal availability of different types of food (see the Perspective by Peddada). Between seasons, striking differences were observed in their gut microbial communities, with some taxa apparently disappearing, only to reappear when the seasons turned. Further comparison of the Hadza microbiota with that of diverse urbanized peoples revealed distinctly different patterns of microbial community composition. Science , this issue p. 802 ; see also p. 754
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In the citing paper
“A change from the ancestral hunter–gatherer diet, where foods consumed changed seasonally and a wide variety of food components were eaten, to a diet that is similar across seasons and significantly less varied, is another likely contributor to reduced diversity of the microbiomes of individuals living in”
From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment (2022) · cites this paper as [131]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“These data suggest the carbohydrate degradation by participants’ microbiota was insufficient to process the increased fiber consumption, consistent with analyses of industrialized microbiome (Smits et al., 2017; Vangay et al., 2018).”
From Gut-microbiota-targeted diets modulate human immune status (2021) · cites this paper as Smits et al., 2017
In the citing paper
“The microbiota of these hunter-gathers were shown to reflect the seasonality of their diet, with food type and availability affected by distinct dry and wet seasons.”
From Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019) · cites this paper as [76]
In the citing paper
“Between seasons, a considerable shift in gut microbiota composition with cyclical features was displayed, with a number of taxa undetectable one season shown to reappear the next [76].”
From Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019) · cites this paper as [76]
In the citing paper
“The level of microbial resilience can also be unique to a host’s gut microbiota, with some able to return to their original state after a perturbation, and others establishing a new, possibly pathological, profile [76].”
From Effect of Diet on the Gut Microbiota: Rethinking Intervention Duration (2019) · cites this paper as [76]
In the citing paper
“The Hadza, a hunter-gatherer tribe whose lifestyle has been described as mimicking that of Paleolithic communities, experience few metabolic diseases that plague industrialized societies”
From The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and human health (2018) · cites this paper as [63]
In the citing paper
“it is difficult to ascribe these microbiota and health benefits to lower CHO intake by itself because the Hadza diet is rich in plant-derived MACs, and their microbiota contains a high abundance of CHO-metabolizing bacteria (63)”
From The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and human health (2018) · cites this paper as [63]
In the citing paper
“the Hadza diet is rich in plant-derived MACs”
From The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and human health (2018) · cites this paper as [63]
In the citing paper
“their microbiota is characterized by greater microbial diversity (9, 63)”
From The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and human health (2018) · cites this paper as [63]
In the citing paper
“their microbiota contains a high abundance of CHO-metabolizing bacteria (63)”
From The gut microbiota at the intersection of diet and human health (2018) · cites this paper as [63]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, three of these five taxa (Succinivirbionaceae, Spirochaetaceae, and Prevotellaceae) were highly variable with season.”
From Population structure of human gut bacteria in a diverse cohort from rural Tanzania and Botswana (2019) · cites this paper as Smits et al. (2017)
In the citing paper
“though it is within a standard deviation of the relative abundance reported by Smits et al. [31] (~ 38%)”
From Population structure of human gut bacteria in a diverse cohort from rural Tanzania and Botswana (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Prior studies of the Hadza (Smits et al. 2017) [31] and the Hutterites from the USA [49] indicate that seasonally volatile gut bacterial taxa correlate with seasonally available food.”
From Population structure of human gut bacteria in a diverse cohort from rural Tanzania and Botswana (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“The increased abundance of Prevotellaceae in the Hadza in our study is concordant with seasonal variation of this taxa reported in Smits et al. [31].”
From Population structure of human gut bacteria in a diverse cohort from rural Tanzania and Botswana (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“which identified four bacterial families and one bacterial phylum that primarily associate with traditional (Prevotellaceae, Spirochaetaceae, Succinivibrionaceae) or industrialized (Bacteroidaceae, Verrucomicrobia) populations”
From Population structure of human gut bacteria in a diverse cohort from rural Tanzania and Botswana (2019) · cites this paper as Smits et al. (2017)
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“A change from the ancestral hunter-gatherer diet, where foods consumed changed seasonally and a wide variety of food components were eaten, to a diet that is similar across seasons and significantly less varied, is another likely contributor to reduced diversity of the microbiomes of individuals living in urbanised-in…”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Smits, S. A., Leach, J., Sonnenburg, E. D., Gonzalez, C. G., Lichtman, J. S., Reid, G., Knight, R., Manjurano, A., Changalucha, J., Elias, J. E., Dominguez-Bello, M. G., & Sonnenburg, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- St Thomas' Hospital (GB)
- Western University (CA)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- National Institute for Medical Research (TZ)
- School of Medicine and Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- Corresponding author
- Smits, Samuel A.
- Leach, Jeff
- Sonnenburg, Justin L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2017-08-25
- Volume
- 357
- Issue
- 6353
- Pages
- 802-806
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC5891123
- OpenAlex
- W2750417371
- Cited by
- 886
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 62 · 2025: 83 · 2024: 78 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 136 · 2020: 130 · 2019: 90 · 2018: 68 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 33.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Scholarship@Western (Western University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01-DK085025, R01-DK090989)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, seasonal variation, modernization, microbial diversity
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Ethnicity, Feces, Humans, Life Style, Seasons, Tanzania
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