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Molecular Mechanism for Age-Related Memory Loss: The Histone-Binding Protein RbAp48
Open accessAbstract
A histone-binding protein that declines with age in the human dentate gyrus can reverse age-related memory deficits in mice.
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“The dentate fascia was selected for the burden analysis since the dentate fascia has been demonstrated to be most strongly associated with memory loss [36].”
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“Thus it is thought that age-related memory loss begins in the DG (Pavlopoulos et al., 2013).”
BackgroundGenetic mouse models of brain ageing and Alzheimer's disease
Bilkei‐Gorzó, A. (2013) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.009 · Cited by 253
The Corticohippocampal Circuit, Synaptic Plasticity, and MemoryPreprint
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“DG is also affected preferentially during age-related memory loss (Small et al. 2011; Pavlopoulos et al. 2013), whereas Alzheimer’s disease initially targets the EC (Braak and Braak 1985).”
BackgroundStructure and function insights into the NuRD chromatin remodeling complex
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“In another context, a recent study carried out on eight persons, aged 33–88, showed a differential expression pattern of RbAp48 in their brain, reduced along with the age, specifically in the dentate gyrus, a subregion of the hippocampus known for its lifelong neurogenesis, and foreseen to be the seat for episodic mem…”
BackgroundOsteocalcin in the brain: from embryonic development to age-related decline in cognition
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“Normal age-related memory loss is thought to begin in the dentate gyrus (DG) [2].”
Background3D neuronal mitochondrial morphology in axons, dendrites, and somata of the aging mouse hippocampus
Faitg, J., Lacefield, C., Davey, T., White, K., Laws, R., Kosmidis, S., Reeve, A. K., Kandel, E. R., Vincent, A. E., & Picard, M. A. (2021) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109509 · Cited by 139
“One possible reason for this may be a decline of the histone-binding protein RbAp48, necessary in the DG for proper hippocampal function, which undergoes selective age-related deficiency in the DG in mouse and human brains (Pavlopoulos et al., 2013).”
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“Changes in the location of this histone in the genome of a person with the disease can be divided into three classes: age-related, normal; age-related, pathological; and specific for AD [193].”
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“A role for RbAp48 as a mediator of age-related memory loss has also recently been reported (19).”
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“Another major milestone occurred on 28 August 2013 when a team of Columbia University Medical Center researchers, led by Nobel laureate Eric Kandel, published a paper in the online edition of Science Translational Medicine, which identified the deficiency of a protein (RbAp48) in the hippocampal DG to be a significant…”
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“Since we have previously found an involvement of both RbAp48 and OCN proteins in age-related memory loss (Khrimian et al., 2017; Pavlopoulos et al., 2013), we wondered whether activation of OCN/GPR158 pathway can elevate RbAp48 levels in middle-aged animals and rescue any age-associated deficits in discrimination memo…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationDuncan, M. J., Smith, J. T., Narbaiza, J., Mueez, F., Bustle, L. B., Qureshi, S., Fieseler, C., & Legan, S. J. (2016) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.08.027 · Cited by 70
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“26,27 To evaluate the relationship between 2-DG and levels of Bdnf , we used qPCR to monitor mRNA levels 6 h after treatment.”
MethodEpigenetic regulation of estrogen-dependent memory
Fortress, A. M., & Frick, K. M. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.05.001 · Cited by 64
“Inhibition of RbAp48 in young mice produces hippocampal-dependent memory deficits that mimic those of aged mice, whereas increasing RbAp48 expression ameliorates cognitive deficits in aged mice (Pavlopoulos et al., 2013).”
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“Older fear memories are less labile due to hypoacetylated c-Fos promoter by Hdac2 in HC [56].”
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“RBBP4/RbAp48 decline in the dentate gyrus is responsible for age-related memory loss (37), and the PHF6 gene is associated with human Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome, an X-linked mental retardation disorder, and is also expressed in the dentate gyrus in the adult brain (17).”
BackgroundLongitudinal Predictors of Self-Rated Health and Mortality in Older Adults
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“Rather than being a precursor to AD, age-related memory loss is a distinct process that probably results from changes in neural functioning rather than loss of neurons, as is the case with AD (7).”
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“Age-related reductions in NuRD subunit levels are strongly associated with memory loss, metastatic potential in human cancers (Toh and Nicolson, 2009), and the accumulation of chromatin defects (Pavlopoulos et al., 2013; Pegoraro et al., 2009).”
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“Aerobic exercise is one such intervention, as neuroimaging studies have found that it enhances dentate gyrus function (Pereira et al., 2007).”
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“There are several forms of epigenetic change, and among the most studied involve changes related to histones in memory formation (Pavlopoulos et al., 2013; Peleg et al., 2010) and to DNA methylation (Day et al., 2013; McGowan et al., 2009).”
BackgroundBrain regions vulnerable and resistant to aging without Alzheimer’s disease
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“This finding was validated in mouse models, showing that RbAp48 plays causal role in agerelated memory decline [16].”
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“Interestingly, reduction of RbAp48 expression is a molecular hallmark of memory loss correlated with aging in humans and mice [53].”
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“RbAp48 is known to interact with a complex of CREB binding protein (CBP, a histone acetyl transferase) and phosphorylated CREB1 (pCREB1) (6) and thus it was hypothesized that enhancement of the PKA-CREB1-CBP pathway and the RbAp48 protein could be a target for therapeutic interventions targeting age-related memory los…”
BackgroundZhang, Y., Wu, K., Su, W., Zhang, D., Wang, P., Qiao, X., Yao, Q., Yuan, Z., Yao, Y., Liu, G., et al. (2017) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0681-17.2017 · Cited by 43
“GSNOR is a new potential target of age-related cognitive impairment Scientists are searching for key driver molecules in this process as specific targets to decrease age-related cognitive impairment (Peleg et al., 2010; Ménard et al., 2013; Pavlopoulos et al., 2013; Johnson et al., 2015; Sharma et al., 2015; Smith et…”
BackgroundSeyedaghamiri, F., Farajdokht, F., Vatandoust, S. M., Mahmoudi, J., Khabbaz, A., & Sadigh‐Eteghad, S. (2021) · Molecular Biology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11033-021-06195-2 · Cited by 38
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“performance which correlated with loss of CBP mediated histone acetylation, which was rescued when RbAp48 was reintroduced in the dentate gyrus via viral vector(61).”
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“Interestingly, RBBP4 has also been implicated in other biological processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis [27], nuclear transport and cellular senescence [28], DNA repair and tumorigenesis [29], as well as age-related memory loss [30].”
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“Finally, another protein that modulates histone acetylation patterns, the histone-binding protein RBAP46/48, has also been associated with age-related memory loss [34,35]; its role in the neuroprotective effects of polyphenolic compounds has not been investigated.”
BackgroundFebo, M., & Foster, T. C. (2016) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2016.00158 · Cited by 28
“…relationship between transcriptional markers of aging or neurodegenerative disease and the progression brain changes (Song et al., 2004; Maheswaran et al., 2009; Moreno et al., 2012; Lewandowski et al., 2013; Pavlopoulos et al., 2013; Zerbi et al., 2014; Micotti et al., 2015; Sevgi et al., 2015).”
BackgroundBarral, S., Reitz, C., Small, S. A., & Mayeux, R. P. (2014) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.06.024 · Cited by 28
“Recently, gene expression analysis of human postmortem tissue harvested from the hippocampal formation identified a substantial age-related decline in the expression of the histone-binding protein RbAp48 gene (Pavlopoulos et al., 2013).”
Self-citationATP-dependent chromatin remodelers in ageing and age-related disorders
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Decrease of delta oscillatory responses is associated with increased age in healthy elderly.
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The reverse control of irreversible biological processes
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“By injecting RbAp48 in an old mouse, the differential histone acetylation and activity of protein kinase A (PKA)/cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) pathway, central molecular signaling molecules of memory and synaptic plasticity phenotype, are observed at the cellular level.(53) Moreover, this pathway a…”
BackgroundDLX1 and the NuRD complex cooperate in enhancer decommissioning and transcriptional repression
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“Molecular mechanism for agerelated memory loss: The histone- binding protein RbAp48.”
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“Similar memory deficits were also observed in RbAp48‑deficient transgenic mice (37).”
Epigenetic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease
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“17 genes showing reliable age-related changes.(43) The most significant change was an age-related decline in retinoblastoma-binding protein p48 (RbAp48), a histone-binding protein that is present in protein complexes involved in histone acetylation and chromatin assembly.”
Lead exposure induces neuronal apoptosis via NFκB p65/RBBP4/Survivin signaling pathway.
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“Furthermore, it is especially interesting to note that RBBP4 has been linked to the human aging process with hippocampus-related memory loss [37].”
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“Interestingly, it has recently been revealed that the decline of RBBP4 in humans causes cognitive aging and memory loss (Pavlopoulos et al., 2013).”
BackgroundTSPYL2 Regulates the Expression of EZH2 Target Genes in Neurons
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“have demonstrated that Retinoblastoma-associated protein (RbAp48) deficiency or loss of function in the dentate gyrus (DG) is related to agerelated memory loss [9].”
BackgroundInterpreting the molecular mechanisms of RBBP4/7 and their roles in human diseases (Review)
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“Its expression in human and mouse brains declines with age, affecting memory forma‑ tion (81).”
BackgroundAltered Gene Expression in Prefrontal Cortex of a Fabry Disease Mouse Model
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“The histone-binding protein Rbbp4, which was downregulated in our screen, is involved in age-related memory loss, and inhibition of this gene causes hippocampus dependent memory deficits in young mice (Pavlopoulos et al., 2013).”
BackgroundThe Role of Aging in Alzheimer’s Disease
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Effect of zileuton on osteoporotic bone and its healing, expression of bone, and brain genes in rats
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“functions partially trough CREB pathway (57).”
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“Evidence has just appeared firmly linking RbAp48 (a histone-binding protein that modifies histone acetylation) with dentate gyrus neurogenesis and age-related memory loss [6].”
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“Through our previous study in mapping functional brain lesions that localize to specific regions of the hippocampal formation, we have extensively used GBCAs to generate quantitative, high-resolution CBV maps (Small et al., 2011; Pavlopoulos et al., 2013; Schobel et al., 2013; Brickman et al., 2014; Khan et al., 2014;…”
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“Another protein expressed in the hippocampus associated with age-related memory loss is RbAp (histone-binding protein RbAp48/retinoblastoma-binding protein), which also modulates histone acetylation patterns similar to SIRT1 [18,19].”
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“Interestingly, in our latest animal study, we specifically found changes in the dentate gyrus, which plays a pivotal role in learning and memory (34).”
BackgroundTactile learning in rodents: Neurobiology and neuropharmacology.
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“The study found that RBAP4 interacts with histone and modifies histone acetylation, thus regulating memory consolidation and cognitive function (Pavlopoulos et al. 2013).”
BackgroundRodent Mazes and Memory: Continuing the Search for the Engram
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Flavanol-rich food for thought
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“Recently, RbAp48, a natural histone deacetylase inhibitor protein, has been shown to help regulate both histone acetylation and memory (Pavlopoulos et al. 2013 ).”
BackgroundThe dual role of ATF4 in neurons: from stress adaptation to therapeutic intervention
Huang, H., Xu, Y., Li, X.-Y., Li, C.-G., & Peng, W. (2026) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2026.1816333 · Cited by 2
“…as activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; Bartsch et al., 1995; Chen et al., 2003; Pavlopoulos et al., 2013), while simultaneously engaging epigenetic modulators like JMJD3 to prime pro-regenerative programs (Weng et al., 2018;…”
Inhibition of histone lysine demethylase restores learning and memory in aged micePreprint
Bhatt, S. R., MacBean, L. F., Kramár, E. A., Pérez‐Sisqués, L., Smethurst, P., Robb, J. L., Jindal, N., Fetterly, T. L., Graham, A., Wood, M. A., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2025.12.22.695858
“Aged mice exhibit deficits in spatial [3-6], associative [7-8], and hippocampus-independent memory [9-10].”
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“Furthermore, exploring the underlying mechanisms behind the reduced evoked release could provide deeper insights into the neurochemical changes associated with aging.”
Anatomical biology guides a search for nutrients for the aging brain
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“Furthermore, significant age-associated decline of expression in dentate gyrus subregion of the hippocampus of one of the NuRD complex subunits, RbAp48 (RBBP4), was mechanistically connected with the age-related memory loss in humans (Pavlopoulos et al., 2013).”
BackgroundGlinsky, G. V. (2015) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/022913 · Cited by 31
“Furthermore, significant age-associated decline of expression in dentate gyrus sub-region of the hippocampus of one of the NuRD complex subunits, RbAp48 (RBBP4), was mechanistically connected with the age-related memory loss in humans (Pavlopoulos et al., 2013).”
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“21 However, the specific role of RbAp48 in PND pathogenesis remains elusive.”
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Is Alzheimer's Disease an Irreversible Loss of Memory Function with No Hope of Return?
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“Nevertheless, recent studies seem to agree that memories are made presumably in the constitutive matter of two specific brain regions: cerebral cortex (Hasan et al., 2013) or/and “hippocampus” (Pavlopoulos et al., 2013).”
BackgroundMemory: RBAP48 drives age-related memory loss
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“One important contributor might be histone-binding protein RBBP4 (also known as RbAp48) [55], which is suspected to be the main cause of memory loss in normal aging.”
Biology of cognitive aging across species
Kakizawa, S., Park, J., & Tonoki, A. (2023) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.14782
“113 Several factors associated with AMI have been identi fi ed in fruit fl ies.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Pavlopoulos, E., Jones, S., Kosmidis, S., Close, M., Kim, C., Kovalerchik, O., Small, S. A., & Kandel, E. R.
- Affiliations
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jones, Sidonie
- Kosmidis, Stylianos
- Small, Scott A.
- Kandel, Eric R.
- Venue
- Science Translational Medicine
- Published
- 2013-08-28
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 200
- Pages
- 200ra115-200ra115
- ISSN
- 1946-6234 (ISSN-L)
- 1946-6242
- PMC
- PMC4940031
- OpenAlex
- W2104064321
- Cited by
- 109
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 5
- FWCI
- 8.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Science Translational Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG034618, R01AG025161, P50AG008702)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
- Keywords
- age-related memory decline, RbAp48, histone-binding proteins, histone acetylation, dentate gyrus, hippocampus, cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease, gene expression profiling, hippocampal-dependent memory, entorhinal cortex, novel object recognition, Morris water maze
- MeSH terms
- Acetylation, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Animals, Female, Genes, Dominant, Histones, Humans, Male, Membrane Proteins, Memory Disorders, Middle Aged, Organ Specificity, Phosphoproteins, Protein Binding, RNA, Messenger, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, Dentate Gyrus, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Mice, Histone Acetyltransferases, Retinoblastoma-Binding Protein 4
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