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Bacteria of Dental Caries in Primary and Permanent Teeth in Children and Young Adults
Open accessAbstract
Although Streptococcus mutans has been implicated as a major etiological agent of dental caries, our cross-sectional preliminary study indicated that 10% of subjects with rampant caries in permanent teeth do not have detectable levels of S. mutans . Our aims were to use molecular methods to detect all bacterial species associated with caries in primary and permanent teeth and to determine the bacterial profiles associated with different disease states. Plaque was collected from 39 healthy controls and from intact enamel and white-spot lesions, dentin lesions, and deep-dentin lesions in each of 51 subjects with severe caries. 16S rRNA genes were PCR amplified, cloned, and sequenced to determine species identities. In a reverse-capture checkerboard assay, 243 samples were analyzed for 110 prevalent bacterial species. A sequencing analysis of 1,285 16S rRNA clones detected 197 bacterial species/phylotypes, of which 50% were not cultivable. Twenty-two new phylotypes were identified. PROC MIXED tests revealed health- and disease-associated species. In subjects with S. mutans , additional species, e.g., species of the genera Atopobium , Propionibacterium , and Lactobacillus , were present at significantly higher levels than those of S. mutans . Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium dentium , and low-pH non- S. mutans streptococci were predominant in subjects with no detectable S. mutans . Actinomyces spp. and non- S. mutans streptococci were predominant in white-spot lesions, while known acid producers were found at their highest levels later in disease. Bacterial profiles change with disease states and differ between primary and secondary dentitions. Bacterial species other than S. mutans , e.g., species of the genera Veillonella , Lactobacillus , Bifidobacterium , and Propionibacterium , low-pH non- S. mutans streptococci, Actinomyces spp., and Atopobium spp., likely play important roles in caries progression.
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“Commensal microbiota comprise the majority of cells in the body and play a key role in human health1-5,10.”
From Sequencing ancient calcified dental plaque shows changes in oral microbiota with dietary shifts of the Neolithic and Industrial revolutions (2013) · cites this paper as [1]
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Self-citationIs the oral fungal pathogen Candida albicans a cariogen?
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“…style condition in which plaque acidification from sugar consumption shifts the oral ecology toward aciduric and acid-producing species; of these, Streptococcus mutans is the most well-known (Selwitz et al., 2007; de Soet et al., 2000; Cornejo et al., 2012; Palmer et al., 2013; Aas et al., 2008).”
BackgroundTargeting S. mutans biofilms: a perspective on preventing dental caries
Scharnow, A. M., Solinski, A. E., & Wuest, W. M. (2019) · MedChemComm · doi:10.1039/c9md00015a · Cited by 97
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“Evidence shows that specific microbes in the oral cavity are associated with oral health and disease and are even linked with other systemic diseases (45, 46).”
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Rôças, I. N., Alves, F. R. F., Rachid, C. T. C. D. C., de Lima, K. C., de Assunção, I. V., Gomes, P. N., & Siqueira, J. F., Jr. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154653 · Cited by 98
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Potential Uses of Arginine in Dentistry
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Hossain, M. S., & Biswas, I. (2012) · Journal of Bacteriology · doi:10.1128/jb.01381-12 · Cited by 95
“mutans leads a biofilm lifestyle in the oral cavity, which harbors more than 700 different species (1).”
BackgroundDeep metaproteomic analysis of human salivary supernatant
Jagtap, P. D., McGowan, T. F., Bandhakavi, S., Tu, Z. J., Seymour, S. L., Griffin, T. J., & Rudney, J. D. (2012) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.201100503 · Cited by 92
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Nascimento, M. M., Liu, Y., Kalra, R., Perry, S. D., ., A. M. A., Xu, X., Primosch, R. E., & Burne, R. A. (2013) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034513487907 · Cited by 89
“…observations that bacterial profiles change with the stages of childhood caries and also differ between the primary and permanent dentitions (Aas et al., 2008; Crielaard et al., 2011), our findings provide compelling support for the continued investigation of oral alkali production as a…”
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Self-citationDentistry 4.0 Concept in the Design and Manufacturing of Prosthetic Dental Restorations
Dobrzański, L. A., & Dobrzański, L. B. (2020) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr8050525 · Cited by 90
“Low oxidoreductive potential and low oxygen levels promote colonization by subsequent anaerobic bacteria [100], intensifying the severity of the disease.”
BackgroundUnderstanding Caries From the Oral Microbiome Perspective
Tanner, A. C. R., Kressirer, C. A., & Faller, L. L. (2016) · Journal of the California Dental Association · doi:10.1080/19424396.2016.12221036 · Cited by 86
Applications of Plasma-Activated Water in Dentistry: A Review
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Acid Production from Sugars and Sugar Alcohols by Probiotic Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria in vitro
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“…et al., 2004; Caglar et al., 2005, 2006, 2008], there are also critical reports [Montalto et al., 2004; Matsumoto et al., 2005] and some species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are associated with the progression of dental caries [Boyar and Bowden, 1985; Becker et al., 2002; Aas et al., 2008].”
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Diversity in Antagonistic Interactions between Commensal Oral Streptococci and Streptococcus mutans
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“…such as next-generation sequencing, to the study of the human oral microbiome has revealed remarkable diversity in the microbiota in oral biofilms [Mager et al., 2003; Corby et al., 2005; Aas et al., 2008; Dewhirst et al., 2010; Gross et al., 2010; Crielaard et al., 2011; Burne et al., 2012].”
BackgroundIdentifying a healthy oral microbiome through metagenomics
Alcaraz, L. D., Belda‐Ferre, P., Cabrera‐Rubio, R., Romero, H., Simón‐Soro, Á., Pignatelli, M., & Mira, Á. (2012) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2012.03857.x · Cited by 82
“Recent molecular work has confirmed these results and expanded the list of potential cariogenic species to Veillonella, Propionibacterium and Atopobium, among others [4], most of which are poorly characterized species.”
ResultPyrosequencing Analysis of Oral Microbiota in Children with Severe Early Childhood Dental Caries
Jiang, W. H., Zhang, J., & Chen, H. (2013) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-013-0393-7 · Cited by 85
Leszczyńska, K., Namiot, D. B., Byfield, F. J., Cruz, K., Żendzian‐Piotrowska, M., Fein, D. E., Savage, P. B., Diamond, S. L., McCulloch, C. A. G., Janmey, P. A., et al. (2012) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dks434 · Cited by 84
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Caries-arresting effects of silver diamine fluoride and sodium fluoride on dentine caries lesions
Yu, O. Y., Zhao, I. S., Mei, M. L., Lo, E. C. M., & Chu, C. H. (2018) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.007 · Cited by 81
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“naeslundii tended to be associated with health, consistent with previous studies [1,4].”
ResultTaipale, T. J., Pienihäkkinen, K., Alanen, P. J., Jokela, J., & Söderling, E. M. (2013) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000348424 · Cited by 80
“Many of these bacteria are highly acidogenic and aciduric, and especially the bacteria belonging to the genus Bifidobacterium have been connected to caries lesions in children and adults [Becker et al., 2002; Aas et al., 2008; Mantzourani et al., 2009; Beighton et al., 2010; Nakajo et al., 2010].”
BackgroundInfluentialEcological Therapeutic Opportunities for Oral Diseases
Hoare, A., Marsh, P. D., & Diaz, P. I. (2017) · Microbiology Spectrum · doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.bad-0006-2016 · Cited by 85
“However, besides S. mutans , an increased abundance of other streptococci as well as species of Actinomyces, Atopobium, Lactobacillus, Bi fi dobacte-rium , Propionibacterium , and Scardovia has also been associated with caries lesions (14, 77, 80 – 87).”
BackgroundMicrobiome of Deep Dentinal Caries from Reversible Pulpitis to Irreversible Pulpitis
Zheng, J., Zhou, W., Niu, K., Xie, Y., Hu, X., Fu, J., Tian, D., Fu, K., Zhao, B., Kong, W., et al. (2019) · Journal of Endodontics · doi:10.1016/j.joen.2018.11.017 · Cited by 79
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“at the onset of caries [37,55,103], and Veillonella, Propionibacterium, Bifidobacterium and Atopobium in more advanced stages [55,103,104].”
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Tanner, A. C. R. (2014) · Journal of Oral Biosciences · doi:10.1016/j.job.2014.08.001 · Cited by 76
Zhou, J., Jiang, N., Wang, S., Hu, X., Jiao, K., He, X., Li, Z., & Wang, J. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147039 · Cited by 41
“There has been no complete consensus obtained from any two papers concerning the microbiomes in health and caries [6, 7, 47, 49, 54, 55, 57], consistent with the “Ecological Plaque Hypothesis” that suggested caries as a consequence of imbalances in the resident microflora [58].”
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Peterson, S. N., Snesrud, E. C., Schork, N. J., & Bretz, W. A. (2011) · International Dental Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1875-595x.2011.00025.x · Cited by 77
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“Further, many uncultivable bacterial species are represented in plaque in far lower proportions than cultivable species [Mager et al., 2003; Corby et al., 2005; Aas et al., 2008; Gross et al., 2010; Crielaard et al., 2011].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialIdentification of the Microbiota in Carious Dentin Lesions Using 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing
Obata, J., Takeshita, T., Shibata, Y., Yamanaka, W., Unemori, M., Akamine, A., & Yamashita, Y. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0103712 · Cited by 76
“HOT-416 to dentinal caries development was proposed [5,33].”
BackgroundMicrobial community succession on developing lesions on human enamel
Torlakovic, L., Klepac‐Ceraj, V., Øgaard, B., Cotton, S. L., Paster, B. J., & Olsen, I. (2012) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.3402/jom.v4i0.16125 · Cited by 74
“In particular, recent molecular studies (10) have associated Actinomyces gerencseriae, A.”
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Nicolas, G. G., & Lavoie, M. C. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1139/w10-095 · Cited by 79
“…S. mutans, Lactobacillus spp., Atopobium, Rothia dentocariosa, Propionibacterium spp., Prevotella spp., Selenomonas spp., Dialister spp., Fusobacterium spp., Eubacterium spp., Olsenella spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Pseudoramibacter spp. (Munson et al. 2004; Chhour et al. 2005; Aas et al. 2008).”
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Altered Bacterial Profiles in Saliva from Adults with Caries Lesions: A Case-Cohort Study
Belstrøm, D., Fiehn, N., Nielsen, C. H., Holmstrup, P., Kirkby, N. S., Klepac‐Ceraj, V., Paster, B. J., & Twetman, S. H. A. (2014) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000357502 · Cited by 74
“caries-free infants, children or adolescents [Li et al., 2007; Aas et al., 2008; Luo et al., 2012; Tanner et al., 2012].”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationAs-yet-uncultivated oral bacteria: breadth and association with oral and extra-oral diseases
Siqueira, J. F., Jr., & Rôças, I. N. (2013) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.3402/jom.v5i0.21077 · Cited by 73
“HOT-126(1,2) Selenomonas oral clone EY047 AF385576 Caries (67) Selenomonas sp.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialBiofilms in endodontic infection
Siqueira, J. F., Jr., Rôças, I. N., & Ricucci, D. (2010) · Endodontic Topics · doi:10.1111/j.1601-1546.2012.00279.x · Cited by 78
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Bacterial diversity and functional analysis of severe early childhood caries and recurrence in India
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A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study the root canal microbiome
Siqueira, J. F., Jr., & Rôças, I. N. (2021) · International Endodontic Journal · doi:10.1111/iej.13656 · Cited by 75
Oral Microbiome Studies: Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications
Mira, Á. (2018) · Advances in Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034517737024 · Cited by 72
Bacterial biofilm composition in healthy subjects with and without caries experience.
Schoilew, K., Ueffing, H., Dalpke, A. H., Wolff, B., Frese, C., Wolff, D., & Boutin, S. (2019) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2019.1633194 · Cited by 71
A Review of the Role of Probiotic Supplementation in Dental Caries
Sivamaruthi, B. S., Kesika, P., & Chaiyasut, C. (2020) · Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins · doi:10.1007/s12602-020-09652-9 · Cited by 77
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: A promise candidate for caries lesions treatment
Diniz, I. M. A., Horta, I. D., de Azevedo, C. S., Elmadjian, T., Matos, A. B., Simionato, M. R. L., & Marques, M. M. (2015) · Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2015.04.006 · Cited by 70
“Nevertheless, the dentin microbiome is totally different from the single specie setting tested here [36].”
BackgroundAdvanced Caries Microbiota in Teeth with Irreversible Pulpitis.
Rôças, I. N., Lima, K., Assunção, I., Gomes, P. N., Bracks, I. V., & Siqueira, J. F. (2015) · Journal of Endodontics · doi:10.1016/j.joen.2015.05.013 · Cited by 66
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Acidogenic Potential of Oral Bifidobacterium and Its High Fluoride Tolerance
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A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study pulpitis
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Mutacins from Streptococcus mutans UA159 Are Active against Multiple Streptococcal Species
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“mutans resides in the dental plaque, a multispecies biofilm community that harbors over 600 different types of microorganisms (1).”
BackgroundDifferential response of Streptococcus mutans towards friend and foe in mixed-species cultures
Liu, J., Wu, C., Huang, I., Merritt, J. L., & Qi, F. (2011) · Microbiology · doi:10.1099/mic.0.048314-0 · Cited by 71
“mutans in carious lesions (Aas et al., 2008; Becker et al., 2002; Rozkiewicz et al., 2006; Russell et al., 1990).”
Pyrosequencing Analysis of the Salivary Microbiota of Healthy Chinese Children and Adults
Ling, Z., Liu, X., Wang, Y., Li, L., & Xiang, C. (2012) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-012-0123-x · Cited by 70
“The genus of Actinomyces, in accompaniment with Streptococcus, participated in the initial stages of dental plaque formation and played a major role in the process of dental caries formation [27, 45].”
InfluentialZhou, P., Li, X., Huang, I., & Qi, F. (2017) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.01079-17 · Cited by 76
“88 Veillonellae, as one of the most predominant bacteria in oral microbiota (16-18), 89 possess two characteristics that make them one of the most important bridging species in 90 the oral biofilm community.”
BackgroundFerrer, M. D., López-López, A., Nicolescu, T., Perez-Vilaplana, S., Boix-Amorós, A., Dzidic, M., Garcia, S., Artacho, A., Llena, C., & Mira, Á. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00465 · Cited by 77
“Given that the genus Veillonella uses organic acids as its only carbon source, it is frequently detected in dental caries lesions (Aas et al., 2008; Belda-Ferre et al., 2012) and its presence is associated with plaque acidogenicity.”
BackgroundStreptococcus mutans- associated bacteria in dental plaque of severe early childhood caries
Zhang, Y., Fang, J., Yang, J., Gao, X., Dong, L., Zheng, X., Sun, L., Xia, B., Zhao, N., Ma, Z., et al. (2022) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2022.2046309 · Cited by 79
“Veillonella is detected to be significantly related with caries in children [9,35,36].”
BackgroundTwo-component signal transduction systems in oral bacteria
Mattos‐Graner, R. O., & Duncan, M. J. (2017) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2017.1400858 · Cited by 67
“and may persist in significant numbers in biofilms associated with caries [83,84], a consequence of the high level of genetic heterogeneity within the species”
BackgroundDental caries and their microbiomes in children: what do we do now?
Ribeiro, A. A., & Paster, B. J. (2023) · Journal of Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1080/20002297.2023.2198433 · Cited by 73
“73% of the total bacterial community [60] and that approxi-”
BackgroundSelf-citationPrete, S. D., Vullo, D., Luca, V. D., Carginale, V., Scozzafava, A., Supuran, C. T., & Capasso, C. (2013) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.05.063 · Cited by 65
Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans Growth and Biofilm Formation by Probiotics in vitro
Schwendicke, F., Korte, F., Dörfer, C. E., Kneist, S., El‐Sayed, K. M. F., & Paris, S. (2017) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000452960 · Cited by 65
“Lactobacilli are widely present in the oral cavity, which makes their supplementation as probiotics disputable with regard to caries control, especially as increasing evidence confirms their role in furthering carious lesion depth and activity [Aas et al., 2008].”
BackgroundFungal biofilm inhibitors from a human oral microbiome-derived bacterium
Wang, X., Du, L., You, J., King, J. B., & Cichewicz, R. H. (2011) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c2ob06856g · Cited by 67
Microbiota of Dentinal Caries as Assessed by Reverse-Capture Checkerboard Analysis
de Lima, K. C., Coelho, L. T., Pinheiro, I. V. A., Rôças, I. N., & Siqueira, J. F., Jr. (2010) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000322299 · Cited by 64
“This approach has been previously used to evaluate the microbiota of marginal periodontitis [Paster et al., 2002; Tanner et al., 2006, 2007], endodontic infections [Rôças and Siqueira, 2008, 2010; Siqueira and Rôças, 2009], and caries [Becker et al., 2002; Corby et al., 2005; Aas et al., 2008].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSchulze-Schweifing, K., Banerjee, A., & Wade, W. G. (2014) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2014.00164 · Cited by 64
“was reported in most patients at all stages ranging from intact to deep dentine cavities, but no significance could be drawn in relation to any stage of caries lesion progression (Aas et al., 2008; Gross et al., 2010; Lima et al., 2011), showing that the significance of the detection of certain species and genera is s…”
BackgroundBacterial Biofilm Composition in Caries and Caries-Free Subjects
Wolff, D., Frese, C., Maier-Kraus, T., Krueger, T., & Wolff, B. (2012) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000344022 · Cited by 63
“Propionibacteria are increasingly reported to be present in deep dentin [Edwardsson, 1974; Hoshino, 1985; Munson et al., 2004; Chhour et al., 2005; Aas et al., 2008; Downes and Wade, 2009; Belda-Ferre et al., 2011] and root caries [Hashimoto et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialCharacterization and in vitro properties of oral lactobacilli in breastfed infants
Vestman, N. R., Timby, N., Holgerson, P. L., Kressirer, C. A., Claesson, R., Domellöf, M., Öhman, C., Tanner, A. C. R., Hernell, O., & Johansson, I. (2013) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/1471-2180-13-193 · Cited by 64
“Lactobacilli can cause dental caries through their highly acidogenic and acid-tolerant characteristics [8], and are frequently detected in deep carious lesions [9].”
BackgroundProbiotics and periodontal health.
Gupta, G. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 64
Cariogenic Effects of Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in a Dental Biofilm Model
Schwendicke, F., Dörfer, C. E., Kneist, S., Meyer‐Lueckel, H., & Paris, S. (2014) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000355907 · Cited by 63
“In vivo, lactobacilli have been found more frequently in pits, fissures or cavitated lesions [Boyar and Bowden, 1985; Bjørndal and Larsen, 2000; Aas et al., 2008], which mechanically retain bacteria and provide a suitable ecological niche, sheltering the bacteria from saliva clearance and…”
BackgroundXu, Y.-C., Yh, J., Chen, L., Huang, W., & Yang, D. (2018) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.12871 · Cited by 60
Current State and Challenges of the Global Outcomes of Dental Caries Research in the Meta-Omics Era
Moussa, D. G., Ahmad, P., Mansour, T. A., & Siqueira, W. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.887907 · Cited by 64
Takeshita, T., Yasui, M., Shibata, Y., Furuta, M., Saeki, Y., Eshima, N., & Yamashita, Y. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep08136 · Cited by 58
The Oral Microbiota in Health and Disease: An Overview of Molecular Findings
Siqueira, J. F., Jr., & Rôças, I. N. (2016) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-6685-1_7 · Cited by 61
O’Connell, L. M., Santos, R., Springer, G. H., Burne, R. A., Nascimento, M. M., & Richards, V. P. (2020) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.02825-19 · Cited by 61
Naud, S., Ibrahim, A., Valles, C., Maatouk, M., Bittar, F., Alou, M. T., & Raoult, D. (2022) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00140-21 · Cited by 58
“associated with severe early childhood caries (129), since it is involved in H2S production (184).”
Background.V.Patel, R., Thaker, V. T., & Patel, V. (2011) · Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine · doi:10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60124-x · Cited by 60
“However, Aas et al[15] used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplified 16S rRNA genes to identify bacteria isolates from the plaque of carious teeth.”
MethodSecond Era of OMICS in Caries Research: Moving Past the Phase of Disillusionment
Nascimento, M. M., Zaura, E., Mira, Á., Takahashi, N., & ten Cate, J. M. (2017) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/0022034517701902 · Cited by 60
“Advances in DNA sequencing and bioinformatics have facilitated the disclosure of numerous oral microbial taxa and their associations with dental health or caries activity (Aas et al. 2008; Tanner et al. 2016).”
BackgroundCarda‐Diéguez, M., Moazzez, R., & Mira, Á. (2022) · Microbiome · doi:10.1186/s40168-022-01338-4 · Cited by 62
“There was also a reduction in the abundance of Veillonella, which uses organic acids as the only source of carbon and therefore can be considered a biomarker for plaque acidogenicity [9, 33].”
BackgroundMolecular Studies of the Structural Ecology of Natural Occlusal Caries
Dige, I., Grønkjær, L., & Nyvad, B. (2014) · Caries Research · doi:10.1159/000357920 · Cited by 59
Biofilm over teeth and restorations: What do we need to know?
Lin, N. J. (2017) · Dental Materials · doi:10.1016/j.dental.2017.03.003 · Cited by 60
Long-Term Fluctuation of Oral Biofilm Microbiota following Different Dietary Phases
Anderson, A., Rothballer, M., Altenburger, M., Woelber, J., Karygianni, L., Vach, K., Hellwig, E., & Al-Ahmad, A. (2020) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.01421-20 · Cited by 49
“, and other taxa dominate the more advanced stages (9).”
BackgroundMcLean, J. S., Fansler, S. J., Majors, P. D., McAteer, K., Allen, L. Z., Shirtliff, M. E., Lux, R., & Shi, W. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032219 · Cited by 57
“Studies on childhood caries in particular have found Actinomyces, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Selenomonas, Bacteriodetes, Haemophilus, Veillonella, Leptotrichia, Thiomonas, Streptococcus and Lactobacillus in caries active lesions [7,8,9,10,11,12].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDerr, A. M., Faustoferri, R. C., Betzenhauser, M. J., Gonzalez, K., Marquis, R. E., & Quivey, R. G. (2011) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.06890-11 · Cited by 58
“Given the estimated numbers of bacterial species present in dental plaque (1, 2), it is perhaps contrary to expectation that oxygen tensions are not zero in much of plaque (37).”
BackgroundRelationship of children’s salivary microbiota with their caries status: a pyrosequencing study
Gomar‐Vercher, S., Cabrera‐Rubio, R., Mira, Á., & Almerich‐Silla, J. M. (2014) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-014-1200-y · Cited by 55
“have also been associated with different stages of caries [1, 4], making it necessary to use samples which are representative of the entire oral cavity.”
BackgroundA preliminary study of the oral microbiota in Chinese patients with Sjögren’s syndrome
Li, M., Zou, Y., Jiang, Q., Jiang, L., Yu, Q., Ding, X., & Yu, Y. (2016) · Archives of Oral Biology · doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.06.016 · Cited by 59
Streptococcus mutans and Caries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mazurel, D., Brandt, B. W., Boomsma, M., Wim Crielaard, A., Lagerweij, M. D., Exterkate, R. A. M., & Deng, D. (2025) · Journal of Dental Research · doi:10.1177/00220345241303880 · Cited by 56
“Furthermore, studies have reported undetectable levels of S. mutans in subjects with rampant caries (Aas et al. 2008; Belda-Ferre et al. 2012; Dinis et al. 2022), while high levels of S. mutans have been observed in healthy subjects (Kahharova et al. 2020).”
Oral microbiome in human health and diseases
Tian, S., Ding, T., & Li, H. (2024) · mLife · doi:10.1002/mlf2.12136 · Cited by 65
“Interestingly, some patients with caries have low levels of S. mutans but high levels of Lactobacillus spp. and Bi fi dobacterium dentium 76 , which can also produce acid and cause caries.”
BackgroundIsolation and Identification ofBifidobacteriaceaefrom Human Saliva
Beighton, D., Gilbert, S. C., Clark, D. T., Mantzourani, M., Al‐Haboubi, M., Ali, F., Ransome, E., Hodson, N. A., Fenlon, M. R., Zoitopoulos, L., et al. (2008) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.00895-08 · Cited by 55
Oral microbial biofilm models and their application to the testing of anticariogenic agents
Sim, C. P. C., Dashper, S. G., & Reynolds, E. C. (2016) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2016.04.010 · Cited by 55
Henne, K., Rheinberg, A., Melzer, B., & Conrads, G. (2015) · Anaerobe · doi:10.1016/j.anaerobe.2015.04.011 · Cited by 54
“mutans or lactobacilli were absent, including Bifidobacterium dentium [6, 13, 22], and more recently Scardovia wiggsiae [11, 23, 24].”
BackgroundInfluentialAcid tolerance in early colonizers of oral biofilms
Boisen, G., Davies, J. R., & Neilands, J. (2021) · BMC Microbiology · doi:10.1186/s12866-021-02089-2 · Cited by 54
Zhou, P., Liu, J., Merritt, J., & Qi, F. (2015) · Molecular Oral Microbiology · doi:10.1111/omi.12091 · Cited by 52
Metadata
- Authors
- Aas, J. A., Griffen, A. L., Dardis, S. R., Lee, A. M., Olsen, I., Dewhirst, F. E., Leys, E. J., & Paster, B. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oslo (NO)
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry
- The Forsyth Institute (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aas, Jørn A.
- Venue
- Journal of Clinical Microbiology
- Publisher
- American Society for Microbiology
- Published
- 2008-04
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1407-1417
- ISSN
- 0095-1137 (ISSN-L)
- 1098-660X
- PMC
- PMC2292933
- OpenAlex
- W2104771379
- Cited by
- 952
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 61 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 87 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 84 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 63 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 42.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Clinical Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universitetet i Oslo
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (U01DE016937, DE016125, R01DE016125, DE11443, R01DE011443)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental Health and Care Utilization
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › Dental materials and restorations
- Keywords
- dental caries, Streptococcus mutans, primary teeth, permanent teeth, bacterial species composition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, white spot lesions, dentin lesions, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium dentium, Atopobium, Propionibacterium, Actinomyces, Veillonella, caries progression, caries etiology, children and young adults
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Dental Caries, Gram-Positive Bacteria, Humans, Molecular Sequence Data, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Tooth, Tooth, Deciduous, Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections, Sequence Analysis, DNA
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