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Effects of aerobic exercise on depression: a controlled study.
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After eight episodes of rejection urethral bleeding occurred; in one case the associated septicaemia resulted in death.We thank Miss D Wood for help in preparing the manuscript.
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Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults
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“A 2001 metaanalysis (Lawlor & Hopker, 2001) encompassed 14 trials (Greist et al., 1979; McCann & Holmes, 1984; Reuter et al., 1981, 1984; Klein et al., 1985; Martinsen et al., 1985; Epstein, 1986; Doyne et al., 1987; Fremont &Wilcoxon Craighead, 1987; Mutric, 1988; Veale & Le Fevre, 1988; McNeil et al., 1991; Veale et…”
Effects of physical exercise on anxiety, depression, and sensitivity to stress
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“Exercise training reduces depression in healthy older men(70) and in persons with cardiac disease(71) or major depression.(72) Exercise also improves self-confidence an self-esteem, d 73 attenuates cardiovascular and neurohumoral responses to mental stress,(74) and reduces some type A behaviors.”
BackgroundEffects of exercise training on older patients with major depression
Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Moore, K. A., Craighead, W. E., Herman, S., Khatri, P., Waugh, R., Napolitano, M. A., Forman, L. M., Appelbaum, M., et al. (1999) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.159.19.2349 · Cited by 1,277
Physical activity, exercise, depression and anxiety disorders
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“1993) and in patients with major depression (Blumenthal et al. 1999; Dunn et al. 2005; Singh et al. 2005; Martinsen et al. 1985; Klein et al. 1985; Veale et al. 1992; McNeil et al. 1991; Singh et al. 2001; Dimeo et al. 2001).”
BackgroundThe Psychobiology of Depression and Resilience to Stress: Implications for Prevention and Treatment
Southwick, S. M., Vythilingam, M., & Charney, D. S. (2005) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143948 · Cited by 1,160
Exercise Treatment for Major Depression: Maintenance of Therapeutic Benefit at 10 Months
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“(18, 19), for example, found that depressed patients who underwent exercise training reported significant reductions in depressive symptoms compared with patients receiving occupational therapy.”
BackgroundCooney, G. M., Dwan, K., Greig, C. A., Lawlor, D. A., Rimer, J., Waugh, F. R., McMurdo, M., & Mead, G. E. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004366.pub6 · Cited by 1,834
Exercise and Pharmacotherapy in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
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“3 History of or current smoking, n (%) 28 (55) 21 (43) 19 (41) 22 (47) 90 (45) Current smoking, n (%) 8 (15) 7 (14) 9 (19) 8 (17) 32 (16) Alcohol: 3 alcoholic drinks per week, n (%) 4 (8) 3 (6) 3 (6) 5 (10) 15 (7)”
Lawlor, D. A., & Hopker, S. W. (2001) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.322.7289.763 · Cited by 995
Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis
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MethodInfluentialPhysical activity dose-response effects on outcomes of depression and anxiety
DUNN, A. L., TRIVEDI, M. H., & O???NEAL, H. A. (2001) · Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200106001-00027 · Cited by 816
The benefits of exercise for the clinically depressed
Craft, L. L., & Perna, F. M. (2004) · The Primary Care Companion For CNS Disorders · doi:10.4088/pcc.v06n0301 · Cited by 692
Physical activity and likelihood of depression in adults: a review
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Exercise Interventions for Mental Health: A Quantitative and Qualitative Review.
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The Antidepressive Effects of Exercise: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
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Exercise and the Treatment of Clinical Depression in Adults: Recent Findings and Future Directions
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“In a study reviewed above,[123] 9 of 24 patients in an aerobic training group and 14 of 19 controls were receiving tricyclic antidepressants during the trial.”
BackgroundInfluentialThe effect of exercise on depression, anxiety and other mood states: A review
Byrne, A., & Byrne, D. G. (1993) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(93)90050-p · Cited by 497
Physical exercise intervention in depressive disorders: Meta‐analysis and systematic review
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“Moreover, a considerably large number of intervention studies have by now investigated the effect of various exercise programs on depression and the vast majority of them indicate that exercise significantly reduces depression (e.g., Blumenthal et al., 2007; Martinsen et al., 1985; Singh et al., 1997).”
BackgroundSingh, N. A., Stavrinos, T. M., Scarbek, Y., Galambos, G., Liber, C., & Fiatarone Singh, M. A. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/60.6.768 · Cited by 470
“Finally, although two studies (7, 35 ) support a relationship between change in aerobic capacity and reduction in depression scores, these relationships are modest and not uniformly seen (10).”
BackgroundPhysical activity in the prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression.
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“(12) compared aerobic exercise with occupational therapy for depressed inpatients and found exercise to be significantly more effective.”
BackgroundMather, A. S., Rodriguez, C., Guthrie, M., McHarg, A. M., Reid, I., & McMurdo, M. E. T. (2002) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.180.5.411 · Cited by 370
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“For example, Greist and colleagues (1979), McCann and Holmes (1984), and Martinsen, Medhus, and Sandvik (1985) have shown that clinically depressed persons randomized to an exercise program were more likely to improve their depression status than those not receiving an exercise program.”
BackgroundRimer, J., Dwan, K., Lawlor, D. A., Greig, C. A., McMurdo, M., Morley, W., & Mead, G. E. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004366.pub5 · Cited by 330
Comparison of Aerobic Exercise, Clomipramine, and Placebo in the Treatment of Panic Disorder
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Physical exercise and brain monoamines: a review.
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Benefits from aerobic exercise in patients with major depression: a pilot study
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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Progressive Resistance Training in Depressed Elders
Singh, N. A., Clements, K. M., & Fiatarone, M. A. (1997) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/52a.1.m27 · Cited by 439
“(26) found in men with major depression a positive correlation between D ow naded rom http/academ ic.”
BackgroundA systematic review of comparative efficacy of treatments and controls for depression
Khan, A., Faucett, J., Lichtenberg, P., Kirsch, I., & Brown, W. A. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041778 · Cited by 288
“Similarly, although alternative therapies such as acupuncture and exercise have shown promise in individual published studies [9,10], the profile is less impressive according to independent reviews such as Cochrane Reviews [11,12] and those conducted by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence [13].”
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“…1981; Hoffman et al., 2010; Huang et al., 2015; Kerling et al., 2015; Klein et al., 1984; Knubben et al., 2007; Krogh et al., 2009; Bonnet., 2005; Martinsen et al., 1985; Martiny et al., 2012; Mather et al., 2002; McNeil et al., 1991; Mota-Pereira et al., 2011; Mutrie, 1989; Nabkasorn et al.,…”
Physical exercise and clinically depressed patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
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Exercise and clinical depression: examining two psychological mechanisms
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Self-citationEffectiveness of complementary and self‐help treatments for depression
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Physical Activity and Psychological Well-Being
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Exercise as an Augmentation Treatment for Nonremitted Major Depressive Disorder
Trivedi, M. H., Greer, T. L., Church, T. S., Carmody, T. J., Grannemann, B. D., Galper, D. I., Dunn, A. L., Earnest, C. P., Sunderajan, P., Henley, S. S., et al. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10m06743 · Cited by 249
The antidepressant effect of running is associated with increased hippocampal cell proliferation
Bjørnebekk, A., Mathé, A. A., & Brené, S. (2005) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145705005122 · Cited by 236
“Physical exercise is a naturally rewarding behaviour that also has an antidepressant effect in depressed subjects under certain circumstances (Babyak et al., 2000 ; Martinsen, 1990 ; Martinsen et al., 1985; Strawbridge et al., 2002).”
BackgroundRaglin, J. S. (1990) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-199009060-00001 · Cited by 228
Veale, D. M. (1987) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02872.x · Cited by 223
“Martinsen (64) randomly allocated 49 in-patients with a DSM 111 diagnosis of a major depressive episode either to an aerobic exercise programme (n = 28) or to occupational therapy (n = 21).”
BackgroundMethodBenefits of Exercise for the Treatment of Depression
Martinsen, E. W. (1990) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-199009060-00006 · Cited by 212
Self-citationSteptoe, A., Edwards, S., Moses, J. L., & Mathews, A. (1989) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3999(89)90061-5 · Cited by 206
Acute effects of aerobic exercise on mood.
Steptoe, A., & Cox, S. (1988) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037//0278-6133.7.4.329 · Cited by 207
Nakken, K. O., Pg, B., Johannessen, S. I., LoSyning, T., & Lind, E. (1990) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1990.tb05365.x · Cited by 186
The role of exercise in the treatment of depression: biological underpinnings and clinical outcomes
Ross, R. E., VanDerwerker, C. J., Saladin, M. E., & Gregory, C. M. (2023) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-022-01819-w · Cited by 176
Exercise as an Augmentation Strategy for Treatment of Major Depression
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Physical Exercise in Women with Intractable Epilepsy
Eriksen, H. R., Ellertsen, B., Grønningsæter, H., Nakken, K. O., Løyning, Y., & Ursin, H. (1994) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1994.tb01797.x · Cited by 167
“(Shepard, 1990), improved mood, “life quality” and self-concept (Folkins and Sime, 1981), and reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression (Martinsen et al., 1985), together with increases in perceived ability to cope with stress (Steptoe et al.”
BackgroundKrogh, J., Hjorthøj, C., Speyer, H., Gluud, C., & Nordentoft, M. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014820 · Cited by 162
Exercise and its role in the prevention and rehabilitation of cardiovascular disease
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“Additionally, in patients with a documented history of depression, exercise training has been shown to reduce the severity of depression ( 81 ).”
BackgroundEffect of physical exercise on seizure occurrence in a model of temporal lobe epilepsy in rats
Arida, R. M., Scorza, F. A., dos Santos, N. F., Peres, C. A., & Cavalheiro, É. A. (1999) · Epilepsy Research · doi:10.1016/s0920-1211(99)00032-7 · Cited by 154
“Aerobic physical program is generally accepted to contribute to general health and well-being (Bouchard, 1990), improved mood, life quality (Folkins and Sime, 1981) and reduction in symptoms of anxiety and depression (Martinsen et al., 1985).”
BackgroundFialka‐Moser, V., Crevenna, R., Korpan, M. I., & Quittan, M. (2003) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1080/16501970306129 · Cited by 152
Physical activity and depression: clinical experience
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Self-citationEffects of Physical Exercise on Depressive Symptoms and Biomarkers in Depression
Archer, T., Josefsson, T., & Lindwall, M. (2015) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871527313666141130203245 · Cited by 151
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Exercise effects on withdrawal and mood among women attempting smoking cessation
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Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Major Depressive Disorder
Freeman, M. P., D, M. F. M., Lake, J., Trivedi, M. H., Wisner, K. L., & Mischoulon, D. (2010) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.10cs05959blu · Cited by 134
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“Some (Blumenthal et al., 1999; Martinsen, Medhus, & Sandvik, 1985; Pelham et al., 1993) but not all studies (Doyne et al., 1987; Martinsen, Hoffart, & Solberg, 1989) support a relationship between exercise capacity and psychosocial outcomes.”
BackgroundExercise intensity and reduction in neurotic symptoms
Sexton, H. C., Mære, Å., & Dahl, N. H. (1989) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb01332.x · Cited by 133
“Considerable research with psychiatric patients, alcoholics, normal and symptomatic students and others has shown that various forms of aerobic exercise reduces symptoms of state anxiety and moderate depression (1-4).”
BackgroundSchuch, F. B., Vasconcelos-Moreno, M. P., Borowsky, C., Zimmermann, A. B., Rocha, N. S., & Fleck, M. P. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.005 · Cited by 130
“The studies, however, were not exclusively composed by severely depressed inpatients (one had bipolar patients and the other did not used any criterion excluding bipolar depressed inpatients (Knubben et al., 2007; Martinsen et al., 1985).”
ResultRavindran, A. V., & da Silva, T. L. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.042 · Cited by 121
Singh, M. A. F. (2004) · Clinics in Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cger.2004.03.003 · Cited by 125
“In 14 randomized, controlled trials in adults aged 18 to 91 with clinical depression, both aerobic [106–117] and resistance-training [109,110,118,119] exercise produced clinically meaningful improvements in depression, with response rates ranging from 31% to 88%.”
BackgroundReikerås, O., Storheim, K., Holm, I., Friis, A., & Brox, J. I. (2004) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1080/16501970410017738 · Cited by 120
“Physical exercise was ranked as the most important element in a comprehensive treatment programme in patients with depression, but nonaerobic forms were as effective as aerobic forms of exercise in the treatment of anxiety disorders and depression ( 26 , 27).”
BackgroundExercise as an add-on strategy for the treatment of major depressive disorder: a systematic review
Mura, G., Moro, M. F., Patten, S. B., & Carta, M. G. (2014) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852913000953 · Cited by 127
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The effects of physical exercise in schizophrenia and affective disorders.
Malchow, B., Reich-Erkelenz, D., Oertel-Knöchel, V., Keller, K., Hasan, A., Schmitt, A., Scheewe, T. W., Cahn, W., Kahn, R. S., & Falkai, P. (2013) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-013-0423-2 · Cited by 111
“The first study describing effects of physical exercise on symptoms of depression has been published in 1985 [95].”
Crevenna, R., Zettinig, G., Keilani, M. Y., Posch, M., Schmidinger, M., Pirich, C., Nuhr, M. J., Wolzt, M., Quittan, M., Fialka‐Moser, V., et al. (2003) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-003-0474-4 · Cited by 113
“Some research has focused on physical exercise in relation to well-being for all dimensions of QOL [1, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 22, 24, 28, 32, 33, 37, 46, 49, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55].”
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Prevalence of overuse (injury) syndrome in Australian music schools.
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Leisure Time Habits and Physical Fitness in Adults with Epilepsy
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Evaluation of physical activity habits in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder
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Therapeutic Impact of Exercise on Psychiatric Diseases
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“O2peak) in patients with panic disorder,[37] depressed patients[22] and anxious individuals from a normal population.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRegular Review: Iron and infection
Hershko, C., Peto, T., & Weatherall, D. J. (1988) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.296.6623.660 · Cited by 105
Sensorimotor modulation of mood and depression: An integrative review
Canbeyli, R. S. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2009.11.002 · Cited by 105
Effects of Exercise Training on Cognitive Functioning among Depressed Older Men and Women
Khatri, P., Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Craighead, W. E., Herman, S., Baldewicz, T. T., Madden, D. J., Doraiswamy, M. P., WAUGH, R. A., & Krishnan, K. R. (2001) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.9.1.43 · Cited by 97
Bienestar psicológico y hábitos saludables: ¿están asociados a la práctica de ejercicio físico?
Jiménez-Torres, M. G., Martínez Narváez-Cabeza de Vaca, M. D. P., Miró, E., & Sánchez, A. I. (2008) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 96
Exercise and mental health: a review
Glenister, D. (1996) · Journal of the Royal Society of Health · doi:10.1177/146642409611600102 · Cited by 94
“Psychiatric studies In a randomised control study Martinsen et al (1985) allocated 43 inpatients suffering from depression to either aerobic exercise three times per week for nine weeks or a control group.”
BackgroundExercise therapy for patients with psychiatric disorders: Research and clinical implications.
Tkachuk, G. A., & Martin, G. L. (1999) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/0735-7028.30.3.275 · Cited by 95
Ways of coping with cystic fibrosis: implications for treatment adherence
Dodd, M. E. (2001) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638280010004171 · Cited by 93
Mead, G. E., Morley, W., Campbell, P., Greig, C. A., McMurdo, M. E. T., & Lawlor, D. A. (2008) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004366.pub3 · Cited by 93
Aerobic Exercise in the Adjunctive Treatment of Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Veale, D., Le Fevre, K., Pantelis, C., de Souza, V, Mann, A., & Sargeant, A. (1992) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/014107689208500910 · Cited by 123
Nebiker, L., Lichtenstein, E., Minghetti, A., Zahner, L., Gerber, M., Faude, O., & Donath, L. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00305 · Cited by 87
Herman, S., Blumenthal, J. A., Babyak, M. A., Khatri, P., Craighead, W. E., Krishnan, K. R., & Doraiswamy, P. M. (2002) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.21.6.553 · Cited by 85
Effects of serum brain derived neurotrophic factor on exercise augmentation treatment of depression.
Toups, M. S. P., Greer, T. L., Kurian, B. T., Grannemann, B. D., Carmody, T. J., Huebinger, R., Rethorst, C., & Trivedi, M. H. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.05.002 · Cited by 85
“, 2005) aswell as in combination with other treatments for depression (Martinsen et al., 1985; Trivedi et al., 2006a) when used as a first step treatment.”
MethodWedekind, D., Broocks, A., Weiss, N., Engel, K., Neubert, K., & Bandelow, B. (2010) · The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/15622975.2010.489620 · Cited by 87
“1979), or allowed additional pharmacological or psychotherapeutic treatments, so that the effects of exercise are diffi cult to interpret (Martinsen et al. 1985).”
BackgroundBrox, J. I., & Frøystein, O. (2005) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqi153 · Cited by 85
“This suggestion agrees with studies of patients with depression reporting that non-aerobic forms of exercise are as effective as aerobic forms of exercise in the treatment of anxiety disorders and depression [ 11 ,12].”
ResultExercise in the treatment of major depression: A systematic review grading the quality of evidence
Danielsson, L., Noras, A., Wærn, M., & Carlsson, J. Y. (2013) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.3109/09593985.2013.774452 · Cited by 97
“In contrast, studies have reported positive effects of exercise compared to a control group with a similar degree of social contact and therapeutic attention, but without the component of bodily movements (Martinsen, Medhus, and Sandvik, 1985; Tsang et al, 2006).”
ResultAbarbanel, J., Benet, A. E., Lask, D. M., & Kimche, D. (1990) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)40125-x · Cited by 82
TREAD: TReatment with Exercise Augmentation for Depression: study rationale and design
Trivedi, M. H., Greer, T. L., Grannemann, B. D., Church, T. S., Galper, D. I., Sunderajan, P., Wisniewski, S. R., Chambliss, H., JORDAN, A. N., Finley, C. E., et al. (2006) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1191/1740774506cn151oa · Cited by 81
“First, exercise has been shown to alleviate depressive symptoms in clinical and subsyndromal depression when used as a monotherapy [28-31] and in combination with other treatmernts for depression [32-35].”
BackgroundEffect of exercise training on quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure
Wielenga, R. P., Erdman, R. A. M., Huisveld, I. A., Bol, E., Dunselman, P. H. J. M., Baselier, M. R. P., & Mosterd, W. L. (1998) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(97)00309-7 · Cited by 79
“The beneficial effects of physical activity and training on psychological functioning in healthy individuals and several patient groups have been documented extensively [2–11].”
BackgroundEffects of mindful and non‐mindful exercises on people with depression: A systematic review
Tsang, H. W. H., Chan, E. P., & Cheung, W. M. (2008) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466508x279260 · Cited by 110
Exercise psychology: A view from Europe
Biddle, S., & Fuchs, R. (2009) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.02.011 · Cited by 72
Legrand, F. D., & Heuze, J. P. (2007) · Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1123/jsep.29.3.348 · Cited by 72
“However, some previous similar reports with short-term programs of aerobic exercise (i.e., <10 weeks) also showed differences of this magnitude or greater (e.g., Martinsen, Medhus, & Sandvik, 1985; Mutrie, 1988).”
Bjørnebekk, A., Mathé, A. A., & Brené, S. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300820 · Cited by 69
“Exercise promotes physical health and is also an efficient antidepressant in depressed patients (Blumenthal et al, 1999; Martinsen et al, 1985; Strawbridge et al, 2002) as well as in an animal model of depression (Bj rnebekk et al, 2005).”
BackgroundPhysical exercise as a novel antidepressant agent: Possible role of serotonin receptor subtypes
Dey, S. (1994) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(94)90141-4 · Cited by 69
Metadata
- Authors
- Martinsen, E. W., Medhus, A., & Sandvik, L.
- Affiliations
- St James's University Hospital (GB)
- Venue
- BMJ
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1985-07-13
- Volume
- 291
- Issue
- 6488
- Pages
- 109-109
- ISSN
- 0007-1447 (ISSN-L)
- 0267-0623
- 1468-5833
- OpenAlex
- W2089094682
- Cited by
- 289
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 3.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.bmj.com/company/legal-information/terms-conditions/legal-information/tdm-licencepolicy (tdm)
- Locations
- BMJ (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- aerobic exercise, depression, exercise therapy, depression treatment
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aerobiosis, Clinical Trials as Topic, Depressive Disorder, Physical Exertion, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Oxygen Consumption, Random Allocation, Time Factors
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