New IBD genetics: common pathways with other diseases
Abstract
Complex disease genetics has been revolutionised in recent years by the advent of genome-wide association (GWA) studies. The chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis have seen notable successes culminating in the discovery of 99 published susceptibility loci/genes (71 Crohn's disease; 47 ulcerative colitis) to date. Approximately one-third of loci described confer susceptibility to both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Amongst these are multiple genes involved in IL23/Th17 signalling (IL23R, IL12B, JAK2, TYK2 and STAT3), IL10, IL1R2, REL, CARD9, NKX2.3, ICOSLG, PRDM1, SMAD3 and ORMDL3. The evolving genetic architecture of IBD has furthered our understanding of disease pathogenesis. For Crohn's disease, defective processing of intracellular bacteria has become a central theme, following gene discoveries in autophagy and innate immunity (associations with NOD2, IRGM, ATG16L1 are specific to Crohn's disease). Genetic evidence has also demonstrated the importance of barrier function to the development of ulcerative colitis (HNF4A, LAMB1, CDH1 and GNA12). However, when the data are analysed in more detail, deeper themes emerge including the shared susceptibility seen with other diseases. Many immune-mediated diseases overlap in this respect, paralleling the reported epidemiological evidence. However, in several cases the reported shared susceptibility appears at odds with the clinical picture. Examples include both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this review we will detail the presently available data on the genetic overlap between IBD and other diseases. The discussion will be informed by the epidemiological data in the published literature and the implications for pathogenesis and therapy will be outlined. This arena will move forwards very quickly in the next few years. Ultimately, we anticipate that these genetic insights will transform the landscape of common complex diseases such as IBD.
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Among the genes linked to IBD susceptibility are some related to intestinal mucosal immune responses, including STAT3.
“Among these genes are included some related to intestinal mucosal immune responses, including STAT3 (Lees et al., 2011; Kasembeli et al., 2018).”
From Targeting Janus Kinases and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 To Treat Inflammation, Fibrosis, and Cancer: Rationale, Progress, and Caution (2020) · cites this paper as Lees et al., 2011
Previous studies have reported genetic polymorphisms that either increase or lower the risk of developing IBD.
“Previous studies have reported a multitude of genetic polymorphisms that either increase or lower the risk of developing IBD,30 while others have demonstrated a considerable role for intestinal microbes in their pathogenesis.1,31,32”
From Using Corticosteroids to Reshape the Gut Microbiome: Implications for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2015) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- Lees, C. W., Barrett, J. C., Parkes, M., & Satsangi, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- Wellcome Sanger Institute (GB)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Lees, C W
- Venue
- Gut
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2011-02-07
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1739-1753
- ISSN
- 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3288
- OpenAlex
- W2105058392
- Cited by
- 635
- References
- 177
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 40 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 59 · 2013: 68 · 2012: 60
- FWCI
- 7.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Gut (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Keywords
- inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, shared genetic risk, disease overlap, IL-10, autophagy, innate immunity, NOD2, IRGM, ATG16L1, intestinal barrier function, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, immune-mediated diseases, pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid, Asthma, Colitis, Ulcerative, Crohn Disease, Dermatitis, Atopic, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Mycobacterium Infections, Psoriasis, Spondylitis, Ankylosing, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, Genetic Loci
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